Physiological response of one of South Africa’s premier freshwater sport angling species,the Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus,to catch-and-release angling     

Nico J Smit  Ruan Gerber  Richard Greenfield  Glyn Howatson 《African Zoology》2016,51(1):61-67

The practice of catch-and-release fishing has been widely promoted by angling fraternities as a fisheries manage- ment tool. The aim of this investigation was to determine the physiological response of Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish, Labeobarbus aeneus, to catch-and-release angling in the Vaal River, South Africa. Fish were collected using standard fly-fishing techniques, anaesthetised in clove oil and blood was drawn from the caudal vein; thereafter the fish were weighed, measured, revived and released. Blood plasma was analysed for concentra- tions of glucose, cortisol and lactate to determine the effects of angling duration, fish size and water tempera- ture. Larger fish were angled for a longer duration compared with smaller fish. Levels of glucose were affected by water temperature (influenced by time of year). Plasma glucose concentrations decreased with greater angling duration. Few individuals (n = 12) showed increased plasma cortisol concentrations. In extended-capture fish (angled for >1 min), lactate concentrations increased significantly above values for rapid-capture fish (angled for >30 s). These data suggest that catch-and-release causes physiological stress to fish, but nonetheless this practice can be a valuable fisheries management tool to ensure the sustainability of fish populations. Other factors beyond the ‘angling’ time are likely to contribute to physiological disruptions in homeostasis and therefore handling and air exposure of angled fish should be included in future catch-and–release angling studies. In addition, the longer-term impact of angling on fish health should also be determined.  相似文献   

Giant cell tumor of the bone in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao)     

Amann O  Meij BP  Westerhof I  Kik M  Lumeij JT  Schoemaker NJ 《Avian diseases》2007,51(1):146-149

A 6-mo-old female scarlet macaw (Ara macao) was presented after a 2-mo period of anorexia and weakness. The bird was reluctant to fly 1 wk before referral due to a painful left wing. Physical examination revealed a firm swelling around the left shoulder. On radiographs, the diaphysis and proximal metaphysis of the left scapula were radiolucent. Computer tomography revealed an osteolytic process, suggestive of a bone tumor, affecting the left scapula. Cytology of a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the mass showed erythrocytes, a proliferation of spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells, and multinucleated giant cells (osteoclasts) suggestive of a giant cell tumor. The left wing, including the scapula, was amputated. The bird showed a fast recovery but died 1 hr later. Findings during the pathological examination were compatible with shock due to blood loss. The shoulder process was characterized as a giant cell tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first complete report of a giant cell tumor of the bone in a bird.  相似文献   

Interactions of local habitat type,landscape composition and flower availability moderate wild bee communities     

Neumüller  Ulrich  Burger  Hannah  Krausch  Sabrina  Blüthgen  Nico  Ayasse  Manfred 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(10):2209-2224

Context

Landscape and local habitat traits moderate wild bee communities. However, whether landscape effects differ between local habitat types is largely unknown.

Objectives

We explored the way that wild bee communities in three distinct habitats are shaped by landscape composition and the availability of flowering plants by evaluating divergences in response patterns between habitats.

Methods

In a large-scale monitoring project across 20 research areas, wild bee data were collected on three habitats: near-natural grassland, established flower plantings and residual habitats (e.g. field margins). Additionally, landscape composition was mapped around the research areas.

Results

Our monitoring produced a dataset of 27,650 bees belonging to 324 species. Bee communities on all three habitats reacted similarly to local flower availability. Intensively managed grassland in the surrounding landscape had an overall negative effect on the studied habitats. Other landscape variables produced diverging response patterns that were particularly pronounced during early and late season. Bee communities in near-natural grassland showed a strong positive response to ruderal areas. Flower plantings and residual habitats such as field margins showed a pronounced positive response to extensively managed grassland and woodland edges. Response patterns regarding bee abundance were consistent with those found for species richness.

Conclusion

We advise the consideration of local habitat type and seasonality when assessing the effect of landscape context on bee communities. A reduction in the intensity of grassland management enhances bee diversity in a broad range of habitats. Moreover, wild bee communities are promoted by habitat types such as ruderal areas or woodland edges.

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Hypercalcemia in two Amazon parrots with malignant lymphoma     

de Wit M  Schoemaker NJ  Kik MJ  Westerhof I 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):223-228

Malignant lymphoma is a common malignancy in birds. Paraneoplastic syndromes, which are commonly observed in domestic animals, have not been reported in association with lymphoma in birds. Hypercalcemia and hyperglobulinemia were found on plasma chemistry in two Amazon parrots, which were presented with aspecific symptoms. In both cases radiography and ultrasound demonstrated signs of hepatomegaly, which proved to be due to malignant lymphoma on postmortem examination. The hypercalcemia was found to be most consistent with a paraneoplastic effect of the malignant lymphoma in these birds. The exact origin of the hyperglobulinemia remains unclear.  相似文献   

Surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs     

Martin JM  Orton EC  Boon JA  Mama KR  Gaynor JS  Bright JM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(6):770-4, 768

Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is possibly an emerging congenital cardiac anomaly in dogs. The defect causes clinical and pathophysiologic signs similar to those of congenital pulmonic stenosis in dogs but has distinct diagnostic features, breed predilections, and implications for treatment. The defect is often associated with clinical signs early in life. Surgical correction of DCRV can be undertaken with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass and offers the prospect of an improved clinical outcome.  相似文献   

Redescription of the female of Gnathia africana (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae) from southern Africa     

Smi NJ  Van As JG  Basson L 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(1):67-72

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A comparison of the cytologic and histologic features of meningiomas in four dogs     

Zimmerman KL  Bender HS  Boon GD  Prater MR  Thorn CE  Prater D  Robertson JL  Saunders GK  Sponenberg DP  Inzana KD  Lanz OI  Wright E 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2000,29(1):29-34

Abstract: The cytologic and histologic features of 2 intracranial and 2 spinal (extramedullary cervical) canine meningiomas were compared. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 2 cases revealed mild, mixed cell pleocytosis, primarily composed of small lymphocytes and monocytoid cells, with a moderate increase in total protein concentration. Cytologic features suggestive of meningioma included cells with both epithelial and mes-enchymal characteristics and a tendency towards cell clustering. Tumor location also was useful in making a diagnosis. The 4 meningiomas differed histologically from one another, and included angioblastic, psam-momatous, meningotheliomatous, and microcystic anaplastic types, which conformed to a classification scheme for human meningiomas. The classification scheme could not be applied to cytologic specimens.  相似文献   

C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6 in dogs with pyometra and SIRS     

Boel A. Fransson  DVM  PhD  DACVS    Anne-Sofie Lagerstedt  DVM  PhD    Annika Bergstrom  DVM    Ragnvi Hagman  DVM  MSc  PhD    Jean S. Park  PhD    Boon P. Chew  DVM  PhD    Marc A. Evans  Claude A. Ragle  DVM  DACVS  DABVP 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2007,17(4):373-381

Objective: To determine the frequency of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in canine pyometra and to evaluate the relationship between C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and SIRS. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Fifty‐three clinical cases of canine pyometra and 19 healthy control bitches. Interventions: Upon admission to the veterinary hospital, history and physical examination findings, including previously defined clinical SIRS parameters, were documented. Blood samples were obtained for hematology and biochemical tests and for CRP, TNFα, and IL‐6 analysis. The diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed by histopathology of the uterus after ovariohysterectomy. After surgery, clinical SIRS parameters, length of hospitalization, and mortality were recorded. Measurements and main results: Pyometra dogs were grouped as SIRS positive (30/53; 57%) or SIRS negative (23/53; 43%). Logistic regression showed that CRP was the only parameter that significantly related to SIRS apart from the clinical criteria that define this syndrome. The mortality rate was low (2/53; 3.8%), and conclusions regarding association with SIRS could not be drawn. A positive SIRS status, high plasma CRP concentration, and high body temperature were variables that related to increased morbidity reflected by the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: SIRS was seen in 57% of canine pyometra cases and a positive SIRS status showed a positive association with prolonged hospitalization. The mortality rate was low (3.3%) among SIRS positive dogs, indicating that progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) rarely occurs in surgically treated cases of pyometra. CRP was associated with SIRS and with prolonged hospitalization. Further studies of plasma CRP may be warranted in canine intensive care cases susceptible to development of SIRS and MODS.  相似文献   

Protection of olive planting stocks against parasitism of root-knot nematodes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

P. Castillo  A. I. Nico  C. Azcón-Aguilar  C. Del Río Rincón  C. Calvet  R. M. Jiménez-Díaz 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):705-713

The effects were investigated, under controlled conditions, of single and joint inoculation of olive planting stocks cvs Arbequina and Picual with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus intraradices , Glomus mosseae or Glomus viscosum , and the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica , on plant performance and nematode infection. Establishment of the fungal symbiosis significantly increased growth of olive plants by 88·9% within a range of 11·9–214·0%, irrespective of olive cultivar, plant age and infection by M. incognita or M. javanica . In plants free from AMF, infection by Meloidogyne spp. significantly reduced the plant main stem diameter by 22·8–38·6%, irrespective of cultivar and plant age. Establishment of AMF in olive plants significantly reduced severity of root galling by 6·3–36·8% as well as reproduction of both Meloidogyne spp. by 11·8–35·7%, indicating a protective effect against parasitism by root-knot nematodes. Infection by the nematodes influenced root colonization by AMF, but the net effect depended on the AMF isolate–olive cultivar combination. It is concluded that prior inoculation of olive plants with AMF may contribute to improving the health status and vigour of cvs Arbequina and Picual planting stocks during nursery propagation.  相似文献   

Correction to: Restrictions on natural regeneration of storm‑felled spruce sites by silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) through limitations in fructification and seed dispersal     

Tiebel  Katharina  Huth  Franka  Frischbier  Nico  Wagner  Sven 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(5):1299-1299

European Journal of Forest Research - The article “Restrictions on natural regeneration of storm-felled spruce sites by silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) through limitations in...  相似文献