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Ornanong S. Kittipongpatana Waree Chaitep Nisit Kittipongpatana Reinhard Laenger Klanarong Sriroth 《Cereal Chemistry》2007,84(4):331-336
Carboxymethyl rice starches (CMRS) were prepared from nine strains of native rice starches with amylose contents of 14.7–29.1%. The reaction was conducted at 50°C for 120 min using monochloroacetic acid as a reagent under alkaline conditions and 1-propanol as a solvent. After determining the degree of substitution (DS), the physicochemical properties including water solubility, pH, and viscosity of 1% (w/v) solution, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the granules, as well as some pharmaceutical properties of CMRS powders and pastes were investigated. The DS range was 0.25–0.40. All CMRS dissolved in unheated water and formed viscous gel. A good positive correlation was observed between amylose content and DS (r = 0.9278) but not viscosity. SEM and XRD concurrently revealed significant physical alteration of CMRS granules compared with those of native starches, which reflected the changes in the properties of CMRS. At 3% (w/w), CMRS can function as tablet binder in the wet granulation of both water-soluble and water-insoluble diluents. The tablets compressed from these granules showed good hardness with fewer capping problems compared with those prepared using the pregelatinized native rice starch as a binder. In addition, most CMRS pastes formed clear films with varying film characteristics, depending upon the amylose content of the native starches. This type of modified rice starch can potentially be employed as a tablet binder and film-former for pharmaceutical dosage formulations. 相似文献
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Ornanong S. Kittipongpatana Waree Chaitep Nisit Kittipongpatana 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(3):214-220
Cross‐linked carboxymethyl rice starches (CL‐CMRS) were prepared from reactions between a native Klong Luang 1 (KL1) rice starch and varied concentrations (2.5–15% w/w) of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in simultaneous carboxymethylation and cross‐linking reactions set up using methanol as a solvent. Physicochemical as well as pharmaceutical properties of CL‐CMRS were evaluated in relation to the amount of STMP used and the degree of cross‐linking (DCx). At a low DCx, the viscosity of CMRS solution was enhanced through the formation of cross‐linked polymeric network and chain entanglement. At higher concentrations in the preparation reaction, STMP caused proportional decreases in the water solubility and ≤70‐fold of the solution viscosity, but promoted swelling and water uptake of the modified starches. Rheological behavior of the nonsoluble but swellable CL‐CMRS was similar to that of commercial superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and cross‐carmellose sodium (CCS). The swelling and water uptake of CL‐CMRS were 5–7 and 6–25 times higher, respectively, than that of the native starch. Disintegration test of tablets containing 1 and 3% w/w of native and modified rice starches showed that M‐KL1‐5 and M‐KL1‐10 could be developed as tablet disintegrants. 相似文献
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The effect of soil incorporation of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and cattle manure and of wood vinegar (pyroligneous acid) foliar application on growth and yield of rainfed rice was studied with a four replications split plot in a farmer’s field in Thailand. P. stratiotes incorporation significantly increased the grain yield over nonincorporation with P. stratiotes. Cattle manure incorporation alone or combined with wood vinegar application significantly increased grain yield over wood vinegar and no-fertilizer application. Incorporation of P. stratiotes combined with cattle manure and wood vinegar application could not provide sufficient N to the rice crop, but it adequate for P and K. Plots with cattle manure incorporation combined with wood vinegar application exhibited the maximum K, P and N content in soil after harvest. 相似文献
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