Effects of endurance racing on horse plasma extracellular particle miRNA     

Getúlio P. de Oliveira Jr  William F. Porto  Cintia C. Palu  Lydyane M. Pereira  Alessandra M. M. Reis  Tatiana G. Marçola  Antonio R. Teixeira-Neto  Octavio L. Franco  Rinaldo W. Pereira 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(3):618-627

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Thermal biology and locomotor performance in Phymaturus calcogaster: are Patagonian lizards vulnerable to climate change?     

Rosa L. OBREGÓN  Jose A. SCOLARO  Nora R. IBARGÜENGOYTÍA  Marlin MEDINA 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(1):53-66

Behavioral and physiological traits of ectotherms are especially sensitive to fluctuations of environmental temperature. In particular, niche-specialist lizards are dependent on their physiological plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions. Lizards of the genus Phymaturus are viviparous, mainly herbivorous, and inhabit only rock promontories in the steppe environments of Patagonia and the Andes. Herein, we examine the vulnerability of the southernmost Phymaturus species to global warming: the endemic Phymaturus calcogaster, which lives in a mesic environment in eastern Patagonia. We studied body temperatures in the field (T_b), preferred body temperatures in a thermogradient (T_pref), the operative (T_e) and environmental temperatures, and the dependence of running performance on body temperature. P. calcogaster had a mean T_b (27.04°C) and a mean T_e (31.15°C) both lower than their preferred temperature (T_pref = 36.61°C) and the optimal temperature for running performance (T_o = 37.13°C). Lizard activity seems to be restraint during the early afternoon due high environmental temperatures. However, both, the high safety margin and warming tolerance suggest that the expected increase in environmental temperatures due to global warming (IPCC report in 2018) would not threaten, but indeed enhance locomotor performance in this population.  相似文献   

Socio-spatial organization reveals paternity and low kinship in the Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba) in Costa Rica     

Edgar G. GUTIÉRREZ  Isabela VIVAS-TORO  Daniela CARMONA-RUÍZ  David VILLALOBOS-CHAVES  Bernal RODRÍGUEZ-HERRERA  Melina Del REAL-MONROY  Gloria LEÓN-AVILA  Jorge ORTEGA 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(5):646-658

Ectophylla alba is a tent-making bat that roosts in mixed-sex clusters comprising adults and offspring. Our goal was to determine the genetic identity of individuals belonging to different roosting groups. We tested the hypothesis of kin selection as a major force structuring group composition. We used 9 microsatellites designed for E. alba to determine the genetic identity and probability of parentage of individuals. We analyzed parentage and kinship using the software ML-Relate, GenAIEx, and Cervus. The obtained relationship probabilities (0.5) revealed a clear maternal relationship between female adults and offspring with allele compatibility, and at least 5 relationships between male adults and pups. We found a low degree of relatedness within roosting groups. Between roosting groups at different sites, the mean probability of a half-sibling relationship ranged from 0.214 to 0.244 and, for full-sibling relationship, from 0.383 to 0.553. Genetically, adult individuals were poorly related within clusters, and kinship as an evolutionary force could not explain group membership.  相似文献   

Effect of the Nixtamalization Process on the Dietary Fiber Content,Starch Digestibility,and Antioxidant Capacity of Blue Maize Tortilla     

Luis A. Bello‐Prez  Pamela C. Flores‐Silva  Gustavo A. Camelo‐Mndez  Octavio Paredes‐Lpez  Juan de Dios Figueroa‐Crdenas 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(3):265-270

Nixtamalization is an ancient process developed by the Mesoamerican cultures. Initially, volcanic ashes were used and then calcium hydroxide in commercial production, and more recently nixtamalization with calcium salts (NCS) has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NCS on carbohydrate digestibility and antioxidant capacity in the elaboration of blue maize tortillas. NCS in blue tortillas showed a high amount of total dietary fiber (14.27 g/100 g), the main fraction being insoluble dietary fiber. The contents of resistant starch and slowly digestible starch did not change with the nixtamalization process. The predicted glycemic index value was lower in blue tortillas with the NCS process (58) than with the traditional nixtamalization process (71). In general, NCS in blue tortillas presented a higher antioxidant capacity than traditional tortillas (ferric reducing antioxidant power method), indicating that phenolics present in blue maize maintain their activity after cooking. It can be concluded that the nutraceutical features (high dietary fiber content and antioxidant capacity) of blue maize tortillas are enhanced when they are elaborated with the NCS process.  相似文献   

An Analysis of Urban Size and Territorial Location Effects on Employment Probabilities: The Spanish Case     

ANA VIÑUELA‐JIMÉNEZ  FERNANDO RUBIERA‐MOROLLÓN  BEGOÑA CUETO 《Growth and change》2010,41(4):495-519

The probability of being employed varies depending on several factors. Many of these are related to personal characteristics such as educational level, age, gender, or number and age of children. Nevertheless, other factors may be relevant, in particular the geographical environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relevance of urban size and the position of each territory (in terms of its distance from large metropolises) for the probability of being employed in the Spanish economy. Following the set of economic regions suggested by Polése, Shearmur and Rubiera (2007 ), we try to explain the spatial patterns of employment distribution. Our results show some relevant differences between these alternative economic areas. We find that municipalities with similar sizes and located at a similar distance from a metropolis but belonging to different Autonomous Communities or provinces share similar employability patterns.  相似文献   

Problems of detecting phytopathogenic bacteria by ELISA1     

M. M. L PEZ  M. CAMBRA  J. M. ARAMBURU  J. BOLINCHES 《EPPO Bulletin》1987,17(1):113-117

Xanthomonas ampelina can be detected with the same sensitivity by ELISA double-antibody sandwich (ELISA-DAS) or indirect ELISA (ELISA-I) but the latter is preferred for its greater simplicity. The two methods also gave similar sensitivity results for soft-rot erwinias, but their application is complicated by the large number of erwinia serotypes. ELISA-I was unable to distinguish strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens from A. radiobacter. The cross reactions with other bacteria of antisera against X. fragariae were tested by ELISA-I. The problems of applying these methods are discussed.  相似文献   

Seed bank and other demographic parameters of broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) populations in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)     

F. LÓPEZ GRANADOS  L. GARCÍA TORRES 《Weed Research》1993,33(4):319-327

A study on the population dynamics of broom-rape (Orobanche crenata Forskal) in faba bean (Viciafaba L.) was conducted in two locations for 8 years. The O. crenata seed bank increased every year in the 20-cm depth arable layer until it reached approximately 4 million (M) seeds m^?2. Seed viability ranged between 53% and 68%, approximately half of the seeds remaining dormant. About 3 × 10^?3% of the seed bank became attached to the root system of the faba beans. Only 9% of the attached broomrapes developed and emerged from the soil, possibly reflecting high levels of intraspecific competition. Maximum broomrape seed production for a population of 53 emerged broomrapes per m² was approximately 4 M seeds m^?2. About 43% of the seeds produced were not incorporated into the soil, most probably as a result of their degradation, decomposition or dispersion. Stock semencier et autres paramètres démographiques de I'orobanche crénelée (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) dans des cultures de féverolle (Vicia faba L.) Une étude de la dynamique de populations d'orobanche crénelée (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) dans des cultures de féverolle (Viciafaba L.) a été menée pendant 8 années sur deux sites. Le stock semencier de O. crenata a augmenteéchaque année dans la couche (20 cm) arable du sol jusqu'à atteindre 4 millions (M) de graines m^?2. La viabilité des graines était comprise entre 53 et 68%, approximativement la moitié d'entre elles présentaient une dormance. Environ 3 × 10^?3% du stock semencier adhérait au système racinaire de la féverolle. Seulement 9% des orobanches adhérantes se développaient et levaient, ce qui pourrait refléter une compétition intraspécifique importante. La production maxi-male de graines par une population de 53 orobanches levées au m²était d'environ 4 M graines m^?2. Environ 43% des graines produites n'étaient pas incorporées au sol, très prob-ablement en raison de leur dégradation, de leur décomposition ou de leur dispersion. Bodensamenbank und andere populationsde-mographische Parameter der Sommerwurz Orobanche crenata Forsk. in Bestanden der Acker-Bohne (Vicia faba L.) Bei einer Untersuchung der Populationsdy-namik der Sommerwurz Orobanche crenata Forsk. in Beständen der Acker-Bohne (Vicia faba L.) an 2 Orten über 8 Jahre hin nahm die Bodensamenbank in der Pflugzone von 20 cm Tiefe jedes Jahr zu, bis sie rund 4 Millionen Samen m^?2 erreichte. Die Lebensfähigkeit der Samen lag bei 53 bis 68%, etwa die Hälfte war dormant. Ungefähr 3 × 10^?3% kamen mit den Bohnenwurzeln in Berührung. Nur 9% davon entwickelten sich und wuchsen heran, worin vielleicht der hohe Grad intraspezifischer Konkurrenz zum Ausdruck kommt. Die höchste Zahl gebildeter Samen eines Sommer-wurzbestands von 53 Pflanzen m^?2 war rund 4 Millionen. Etwa 43% der gebildeten Samen gelangten nicht in den Boden, wahrscheinlich weil sie zerstört oder verweht wurden.  相似文献   

Present status of verticillium wilt of olive in Andalucía (southern Spain)1     

D. RODRIGUEZ JURADO  M. A. BLANCO L PEZ  H. F. RAPOPORT  R. M. JIMENEZ DIAZ 《EPPO Bulletin》1993,23(3):513-516

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a disease highly prevalent in newly established olive orchards in Andalucía, southern Spain. Two syndromes of the disease occur in Andalucia, namely apoplexy and slow decline. Apoplexy is characterized by quick dieback of twigs and branches while slow decline consists of rapid drying out of inflorescences together with leaf chlorosis and necrosis. Systematic disease observations carried out in two experimental orchards planted with susceptible cv. Picual indicated that natural recovery of diseased trees occurred over time. Infection and vascular colonization of olive plants by V. dahliae were studied in susceptible (Picual) and resistant (Oblonga) cultivars inoculated with a mildly virulent or a highly virulent cotton-defoliating isolate of V. dahliae. Disease symptoms developed 24–32 days after inoculation in cv. Picual, but at that time plants of cv. Oblonga remained free from symptoms. However anatomical observations and isolations indicated that systemic infections by the two isolates had occurred to a large extent in both cultivars.  相似文献   

Helminth parasites of freshwater fishes from Cuatro Ciénegas,Coahuila, in the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico: inventory and biogeographical implications     

Rogelio AGUILAR‐AGUILAR  Andrés MARTÍNEZ‐AQUINO  Héctor ESPINOSA‐PÉREZ  Gerardo PÉREZ‐PONCE DE LEÓN 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(3):328-339

As part of an ongoing inventory of the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico, 570 individual fish were collected between Apr 2008 and Oct 2011 in 26 localities along the Cuatro Ciénegas region in Coahuila State, northern Mexico. Seventeen species of hosts, mostly corresponding to Nearctic freshwater elements, were studied. A total of 8324 individual worms were collected during this survey, representing 25 species of helminths, of which 9 were digeneans, 3 monogeneans, 3 acanthocephalans, 9 nematodes and 1 cestode. Most of the records in this checklist represent new host or locality records. The information provided in this checklist may be helpful for our understanding of the biodiversity and historical biogeography of this host–parasite system, because in the Cuatro Ciénegas region occur a Nearctic freshwater fish fauna, along with Neotropical and endemic elements, and from a biogeographical point of view, this may represent a transitional area.  相似文献   

In vivo bioinsecticidal activity toward Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly) and Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and in vitro bioinsecticidal activity toward different orders of insect pests of a trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) seeds     

Araújo CL  Bezerra IW  Oliveira AS  Moura FT  Macedo LL  Gomes CE  Barbosa AE  Macedo FP  Souza TM  Franco OL  Bloch-J C  Sales MP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4381-4387

A proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against trypsin-like serine proteinases was purified from seeds of the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) by gel filtration on Shephacryl S-200 followed by a reverse-phase HPLC Vidac C18 TP. The inhibitor, called the tamarind trypsin inhibitor (TTI), showed a Mr of 21.42 kDa by mass spectrometry analysis. TTI was a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.7 x 10(-9) M. In vitro bioinsecticidal activity against insect digestive enzymes from different orders showed that TTI had remarkable activity against enzymes from coleopteran, Anthonomus grandis (29.6%), Zabrotes subfasciatus (51.6%), Callosobruchus maculatus (86.7%), Rhyzopertha dominica(88.2%), and lepidopteron, Plodia interpuncptella (26.7%), Alabama argillacea (53.8%), and Spodoptera frugiperda (75.5%). Also, digestive enzymes from Diptera, Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), were inhibited (52.9%). In vivo bioinsecticidal assays toward C. capitata and C. maculatus larvae were developed. The concentration of TTI (w/w) in the artificial seed necessary to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of larvae was 3.6%, and that to reduce mass larvae by 50.0% (ED50) was 3.2%. Furthermore, the mass C. capitata larvae were affected at 53.2% and produced approximately 34% mortality at a level of 4.0% (w/w) of TTI incorporated in artificial diets.  相似文献