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Various tissues and body fluids of pigs given chloramphenicol intramuscularly at a dose level of 20 mg/kg 1.5, 2.5 and 18 h before slaughter were examined for drug residues with different agar diffusion methods. Zones of inhibition were observed in bile, kidney, muscle, serum and urine samples 1.5 h after drug administration. After 19 h, residues were found only in the urine. The treatment of the bile, kidney, serum and urine samples with β-glucuronidase lowered the detection threshold of the agar diffusion methods for chloramphenicol. In addition, β-glucuronidase can be used for the identification of chloramphenicol residues. Chloramphenicol yielded the greatest zones of inhibition in kidney medulla and especially in urine with and without β-glucuronidase. 18 h after drug administration residues were found with β-glucuronidase treatment only in these samples. Urine and kidney medulla proved the best samples in the residue analysis of chloramphenicol at meat inspection. 相似文献
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Hannu Korkeala Olli Sorvettula Osmo Mki-Petys Jorma Hirn 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1982,23(3):407
The different agar diffusion methods were compared using antibiotic and sulphonamide-impregnated filter-paper discs and the kidneys of healthy and emergency-slaughtered pigs and cows after slaughter.No method used seemed to be sensitive to all antimicrobial drugs preimpregnated onto discs. Tetracycline yielded a greater zone of inhibition at pH 6 than at pH 8 and aminoglycosides, erythromycin, polymyxin B and lin cornycin at pH 8 than at pH 6. It therefore seems necessary to use different pHs (6 and 8). The addition of trimethoprim to the medium is necessary for the detection of sulphonamides. Bacillus subtilis BGA used as the test organism was more sensitive to sulphonamides on the “Test agar for the inhibitor test” containing trimethoprim than on the “Iso-Sensitest agar” also containing trimethoprim. The addition of trimethoprim to “Test agar for the inhibitor test” is recommended at pH 8 but not at pH 6 because false-positive cases (with inhibition zones > 2 mm) were observed at pH 6 with trimethoprim on the kidneys of healthy pigs. 相似文献
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Merja Jussila Tuula Sontag-Strohm Osmo Ulvinen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):106-110
Abstract The Finnish oat cultivars were identified by homogeneous and gradient SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the basis of 7–14 avenin bands. REM (relative electrophoretic mobility) values of the avenins among the Finnish oat cultivars were determined by gradient SDS-PAGE to calculate the PH% (pattern homology percentage). Most of the cultivars (58%) had a PH% of over 75%, which indicates quite a. high degree of similarity between the cultivars. Homogeneous SDS-PAGE was used in addition to gradient SDS-PAGE to compare the electrophoregrams of the cultivars by the gel separation systems. Resolution of the avenins was better by homogeneous than by gradient SDS-PAGE. Ten oat cultivars out of the 28 tested could be identified individually in homogeneous SDS-PAGE, as opposed to three which were identifiable by gradient SDS-PAGE. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. med. Osmo Turpeinen 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,29(1-2):59-83
The mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Finland is remarkably high; according to the vital statistics released by the World Health Organization it has for many years been the highest in the world. This, however, concerns only the male sex; in the females the mortality figures, though also relatively high, do not very markedly differ from those of many other populations. It is also noteworthy that the CHD mortality in the eastern provinces of Finland is higher than in the western provinces. In the etiology of CHD a number of risk factors have been identified. The major ones are: high serum cholesterol values, cigarette smoking, and hypertension. The presence of two or more factors greatly increases the risk. In Finland the serum cholesterol determinations have generally revealed mean values which in comparison with similar populations from other countries are remarkably high. Mean values of the magnitude of some 260 to 280 mg per 100 ml have been reported for certain population groups. These high serum cholesterol values are probably chiefly dependent on the diet. The dietary intake of saturated fats (S) is very high and that of polyunsaturated fats (P) is low. The dietary P/S ratio is exceptionally low. It may also be possible that the population of Finland is genetically unusually susceptible to hyperlipidemia and hence also to CHD. However, the evidence to support such a view is meager. Cigarette smoking, a further important risk factor, is quite common in the country, and the mean consumption of cigarettes is relatively high. Hypertension also is prevalent in Finland. This may, at least partly, be due to the very high dietary intake of salt. Thus a number of generally recognized risk factors for CHD occur in Finland in a markedly high degree. Whether they can wholly explain the unusually high mortality from CHD or whether additional yet unrecognized risk factors are also involved, is difficult to decide. 相似文献
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西班牙加泰罗尼亚林分风景优美度预测(英文) 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
Elena Blasco José Ramón González-Olabarria Pedro Rodriguéz-Veiga Timo Pukkala Osmo Kolehmainen Marc Palahí 《林业研究》2009,20(1):73-78
通过互联网络,调查了网友对90幅林分图像(照片和虚拟实际图像)的相对偏好,发展了两个在林分水平上风景优美度评价的量化模型。用成对比较回归法分析了259份问卷对林分偏好的相对优先顺序。模型量化结果表明,林分偏好随灌木和乔木数量增加而增加,还与乔木平均直径正相关。另一方面,林分偏好又因大量的松树和小树而降低。与虚拟真实图像相比,网友更偏好林木照片。此外,参与问卷调查者的背景(性别,国籍或者职业)并未对模型结果造成显著影响。 相似文献
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Small-scale Forestry - Ageing, urbanization, and decreasing dependence of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners on forestry income have challenged the industrial timber supply of several... 相似文献
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Ecological and aesthetic values in urban forest management 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Liisa Tyrvinen Harri Silvennoinen Osmo Kolehmainen 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2003,1(3):135-149
In the planning processes of urban forests there are frequent conflicting opinions about the extent to which forests should be managed. On the one hand, management is needed to deal with the intensive use of forests, as well as unfavourable growing conditions, security factors and aesthetic variables. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for unmanaged areas which is based primarily on ecological arguments. This paper presents research that was conducted in connection with the participatory planning process of Helsinki City forests. The main aim of this research was to study whether aesthetic and ecological values can be combined in the management of urban forests. Furthermore, the stability of forest landscape preferences during the participatory planning process was studied, along with the representativeness of planning groups compared to larger user groups. The data was collected in planning group meetings and public hearings in Helsinki during 1998–2000. Respondents evaluated a set of photographs designed to cover the main conflict situations in urban forest management: Thinnings, understorey management, the leaving of dead snags and decaying ground-wood.
These results show that the majority of residents in Helsinki prefer managed forests. The preferences are, however, closely connected to the background characteristics of respondents. Younger residents with a higher education and active urban forest users prefer more ecologically-oriented management when compared to older residents with less education, or less active users. The individuals had a rather clear and relatively stable opinion of what constitutes suitable management in urban forests, but the views differed considerably as a whole. This means that a participatory planning process will typically lead to some type of compromise. Moreover, the planning groups in Helsinki reflected the opinions of the larger user groups rather well. This indicates that the currently used participatory planning approach sufficiently integrates public values into its planning process. 相似文献
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Liina Häyrinen Osmo Mattila Markus Närhi Anne Toppinen 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(4):327-337
The transformation of the forest sector toward a bioeconomy calls for finding new sources of competitive advantage for the whole sector to retain its future viability. Non-industrial private forest owners are an important group of actors in the Finnish forest-based sector, as they supply 80% of industrial roundwood and control numerous other tangible and intangible forest-based ecosystem services. Our study analyzes forest owner views on the future use of forests in Finland, their perceptions on the evolving sectorial interlinkages and the position of the forest sector now and in the future bioeconomy. The data were collected in two phases: through telephone interviews of forest owners (n?=?278) and four focus group (FG) discussions (n?=?17), and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The interviews showed that forest owners consider the highest potential for strengthening the sector toward bioeconomy to come from collaboration with energy and construction businesses. During the FG phase, we identified new possibilities founded on forest-based recreational services, cooperation with nature-based tourism and in increasing value-added wood products. In total, forest owners as a high-involvement group emphasized future value creation to be based upon forest ecosystem services and in diversifying the utilization of forests beyond the dominant raw material-driven mindset. 相似文献
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