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The objective of this study was to DTPA (complexion agent) and a sequential extraction procedure, and adsorption-desorption isotherm (competitive) evaluate the mobility and distribution of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb using the in surface samples of five soil great groups differing in their physicochemical properties. For determining heavy metal adsorption and desorption capacities of soil samples, six different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Lt) were used in a laboratory experiment with tree replications. An analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extractions has been used for partitioning of heavy metals into five fractions. Sorption isotherms were characterized using linear, Frendlich and Langmuir equations. The results indicated that the selective sequences of the metal adsorption based on the distribution coefficient was Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Cd〉Zn〉Mn〉Fe and Pb, Cu, and Ni are the most strongly sorbed metals by these soils, whereas Cd, Zn and Mn are the least sorbed ones. The total adsorbed amount of these metals on the studied soils was well described by Langmuir equation. Calciorthid had the highset Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Fe adsorption, and the sequences followed order Fluvaquent〉Argiustoll〉Pellustert〉Haplustept of the studied soil.  相似文献   
2.
Studies were conducted at Adana, in the Çukurova region of southern Turkey, to evaluate the effects of the rate and timing of application of soil‐applied potassium (K) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in 1999 and 2000. Potassium rates of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg K2O ha?1 were soil‐applied in single treatments (all at early boll development) or in split treatments (1/2 at first square and 1/2 at first white flower; 1/4 at first square, 1/4 at first white flower and 1/2 at early boll development). Data collected in the two years indicated that application of 160 kg K2O ha?1 produced significant differences in seed‐cotton yield, lint yield and boll weight compared with the untreated control. The best combination producing the greatest yield was application of 160 kg K2O ha?1 with all of the K soil‐applied at early boll development. Cotton yields did not respond to K fertilization above the rate of 160 kg K2O ha?1 under the production practices typically found in the region. For application of K at a rate of 240 kg K2O ha?1 there was a marked difference in fibre strength between years in this study, but micronaire and uniformity ratio were not different amongst K rates within each year. When the total amount of K was applied at early boll development, higher yields, boll weights and lint turnouts were obtained compared with split applications, but the single application did not have a large impact on fibre properties.  相似文献   
3.
We have studied the ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HuPBL)4 to interact with IgG from several animal species. Three functions or activities that are reported to depend on an interaction between complexed IgG and HuPBL receptors (R) for the Fc piece of IgG (FcγR) were compared: (1) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); (2) binding of heat-aggregated IgG (aggG); and (3) rosette formation with IgG-sensitized erythrocytes [RBC-A(γ)]. IgG (and IgM) antibodies to chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) were purified from the sera of the following species after injection with CRBC stroma: (1) horse (Ho); (2) goat (Go); (3) rabbit (Ra); and (4) guinea pig (Gp). Good IgG-agglutinating antibody titers were obtained from each injected species.

Using 51Cr-labeled CRBC targets and HuPBL effector cells, only Ra anti-CRBC IgG gave good ADCC at high dilutions. Ho and Go anti-CRBC (IgG) failed to give A C , and p anti-CRBC (IgG) gave approx. 30% of the level of kill as Ra. Ra Fab'2 fragments of IgG antibody failed to produce ADCC.

Treatment of HuPBL with Ra anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) almost totally ablated ADCC, whereas HoALS failed to alter ADCC. Pretreatment of HuPBL with aggG showed that Ra or Hu aggG gave essentially equal inhibition of ADCC, Gp gave approx. 30% of the degree of inhibition as Hu and Ra, and Ho or Go aggG had essentially no effect of ADCC. These results confirmed the following order of ability of IgG to interact with HuPBL ADCC killer (K) cells: (Hu )Ra > Gp Ho, Go. The data suggest that Gp IgG interacts with only a subpopulation (≈ 30%) of HuPBL K cells.

The binding of aggG to total HuPBL failed to strictly correlate with the ADCC results or with the results of rosette formation between total HuPBL and CRBC-A(γ). The observations suggest that there is a heterogeneity of FcγR between K and non-K cell subpopulations of HuPBL both in terms of the type of complexed IgG they are able to bind, and in terms of the species of origin of the IgG. The data also support contentions that FcγR that bind RBCA(γ) complexes differ from those that bind aggG.  相似文献   

4.
Wide variations in boron (B) contents are typical of Turkish soils and plants, and most of the variation, 84% of the plant-soil B values are within the “normal.” Boron application on low B soils can make a contribution to yield in cotton and sunflower crops. Field experiments were carried out on clayey and medium-textured soils, which are Chromoxererts, Haploxererts, Xerochrepts, and Xerofluvents in Southern Turkey to study the effects of boron fertilization on irrigated cotton and rainfed sunflower growth, yield, and yield components. Four levels of boron—0, 1, 2, and 3 kg ha?1—were applied at planting and the experimental design was completely randomized block design with four replications. There was a 31% and 31.9% increase in seedcotton yield at 3 kg and 2 kg ha?1 of B, compared to the control only two out of four sites. There was an average increase of 61.4% in boll weight with 2 kg B ha?1 application compared to the control. Effect of different application rates of B was not significant for fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber length uniformity. All levels of boron produced higher head diameters over control only one out of four sites. Boron applied at the level of 3 kg ha?1 produced the highest 1000 seed weight of 47.5 g representing an 18% increase over the control. Boron applied at the level of 1 kg ha?1 produced the highest seed yield, representing a 25% increase over the control only at one out of four sites. Boron was no value as a fertilizer for sunflower under given experimental conditions even though some uptake of boron was occurred. Boron fertilization may be regarded as effective in improving cotton yields.  相似文献   
5.
Experimental leprosy in three species of monkeys   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Eleven mangabey monkeys inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae developed lepromatous-type leprosy. Nine of the mangabeys were inoculated with M. leprae isolated from a mangabey with naturally acquired lepromatous leprosy. Immune function was depressed in some of these animals after dissemination of the disease. Two mangabeys developed lepromatous leprosy after inoculation with human M. leprae passaged in an armadillo. Three rhesus and three African green monkeys inoculated with mangabey-derived M. leprae also developed lepromatous leprosy. Mangabeys may be the first reported nonhuman primate model for the study of leprosy. Rhesus and African green monkeys may also prove to be reproducibly susceptible to the disease.  相似文献   
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