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The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass
and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled
monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot
basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha−1, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha−1. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg−1, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha−1), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought
induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages. 相似文献
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Growth, survival, stem characteristics, resistance to wind, and canker disease of 51 poplar clones were evaluated at age 9 and 10 years, and compared to measurements at age 3 in two trials on the Lower Valley of the Colorado River, Argentina. About 30% of the clones in both trials had large changes in growth rankings at age 9 and 10 compared to rankings at age 3. Canker incidence increased about 4-fold between age 3, and measurements at age 9 and 10. Stem form was in general satisfactory, and wind incidence was almost nil. In trial 1, clones 588–1, Conti 12, 582–41, and 582–5 occupied the upper positions in the growth rankings at age 3 and 10, and the clone 588–1 ranked first both in growth and canker incidence in 1998. Stem growth trajectories of clones with similar growth rates did not differ among clones with, and without canker disease. In trial 2, the range in growth among clones was narrower than in trial 1, and canker disease, although of minor incidence, was present in most clones at age 9. Some of the P. deltoides clones in the trials had similar growth, and less canker disease than the Euroamerican clones commonly grown in the region, but progressive canker incidence should be addressed with additional selection trials. 相似文献
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Browse of multipurpose tree species such as black locust could be used to broaden grazing options, but the temporal distribution
of foliage has not been adequately studied. Our objective was to determine effects of harvest date, P fertilization (0 and
600 kg ha−1 yr−1), and pollard height (shoots clipped at 5-, 50-, and 100-cm above ground) on foliar and shoot allometry of black locust.
The experiment was conducted on a naturally regenerated 2-yr-old black locust stand (15,000 trees ha−1). Basal shoot diameter and foliar mass were measured monthly in June to October 2002 and 2003. Foliar and shoot dry mass
(Y) was estimated from basal shoot diameter (D) by the function Y = aD
b
, with regression explaining ≥95% of variance. Allometry of foliar mass was affected by harvest date, increasing at a greater
rate with D in September than in June or July, but not by P fertilization or pollard height. Foliar mass was predicted best by month-specific
equations for the June to October growth interval. Allometry of shoot dry mass was unaffected by harvest date, P fertilization,
or pollard height. These equations could be used as a first approximation of foliar and shoot mass for pollarded black locust. 相似文献
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Anderson WA Amasino RM Ares M Banerjee U Bartel B Corces VG Drennan CL Elgin SC Epstein IR Fanning E Guillette LJ Handelsman J Hatfull GF Hoy RR Kelley D Leinwand LA Losick R Lu Y Lynn DG Neuhauser C O'Dowd DK Olivera T Pevzner P Richards-Kortum RR Rine J Sah RL Strobel SA Walker GC Walt DR Warner IM Wessler S Willard HF Zare RN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6057):760-761
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Anadón A Martínez MA Martínez M Ríos A Caballero V Ares I Martínez-Larrañaga MR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):11049-11056
Chickens were used to investigate plasma disposition of florfenicol after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose (20 mg kg-1 body weight) and to study residue depletion of florfenicol and its major metabolite florfenicol-amine after multiple oral doses (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days). Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. After i.v. and oral administration, plasma concentration-time curves were best described by a two-compartment open model. The mean [ +/- standard deviation (SD)] elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of florfenicol in plasma was 7.90 +/- 0.48 and 8.34 +/- 0.64 h after i.v. and oral administration, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration was 10.23 +/- 1.67 microg mL-1, and the interval from oral administration until maximal concentration was 0.63 +/- 0.07 h. Oral bioavailability was found to be 87 +/- 16%. Florfenicol was converted to florfenicol-amine. After multiple oral dose (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days), in kidney and liver, concentrations of florfenicol (119.34 +/- 31.81 and 817.34 +/- 91.65 microg kg-1, respectively) and florfenicol-amine (60.67 +/- 13.05 and 48.50 +/- 13.07 microg kg-1, respectively) persisted for 7 days. The prolonged presence of residues of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in edible tissues can play an important role in human food safety, because the compounds could give rise to a possible health risk. A withdrawal time of 6 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of florfenicol were less than the maximal residue limits or tolerance established by the European Union. 相似文献
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A. Abelleira A. Ares O. Aguín A. Picoaga M. M. López P. Mansilla 《Plant pathology》2014,63(3):691-699
Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a disease that is spreading rapidly in several kiwifruit‐producing countries, causing significant economic losses. In 2011, it was detected for the first time in Spain, in the south of Galicia (northwest Spain). Kiwifruit orchards were therefore inspected and sampled in 2011 and 2012 to determine the pathogen distribution, and the isolates obtained were characterized by morphology, fatty acids profile, biochemical tests and molecular techniques. Isolates were obtained from Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ (from leaves, canes, flower buds, fruits and roots), from A. deliciosa ‘Summer’, from Actinidia chinensis ‘Jin Tao’ (from canes and leaves) and from A. chinensis pollinator ‘Belén’ (from canes). Results of the analysis of the cfl gene (phytotoxin production‐related), the tox–argK gene cluster and phylogenetic analysis of the cts gene demonstrated that all Psa isolates from northwest Spain correspond to the Psa3 population, which includes strains of haplotype 2. This is the first record of Psa3 and haplotype 2 in Spain. 相似文献
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Ballabio C Uberti F Di Lorenzo C Brandolini A Penas E Restani P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):12969-12974
Celiac disease is a food intolerance triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals; the only therapy is a strict gluten-free diet for life. In recent years, amaranth flour has received considerable attention as an interesting source for the formulation of gluten-free products due to its high nutritional value and low content of prolamins, the toxic proteins for celiacs. The aim of this study was to characterize 40 amaranth varieties using both SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting and ELISA to assess their possible tolerance by celiac subjects. All of the amaranth samples studied showed similar binding affinities for both specific anti-gliadin antibodies and human IgAs. In most amaranth grains, the content of gluten-like proteins measured by ELISA was <20 ppm. The molecular characterization of amaranth proteins suggests that amaranth is safe for celiacs to consume. It is recommended that the most suitable amaranth varieties are those having the lowest content of proteins cross-reacting with anti-gliadin antibodies. 相似文献
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Release of reducing compounds by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots has been identified as an adaptive response mechanism to iron‐deficiency conditions which result in chlorosis. These compounds facilitate the conversion of Fe+3 to the metabolically active Fe+2 form, allowing for increased uptake by roots in solution culture experiments. Degree of chlorosis is closely associated with HCO3 concentration; however, the relationship between that ion and root reduction potential apparently has not been studied. We examined the effect of HCO3‐ on root reduction potential of ten commercially‐grown soybean cultivars known to differ in chlorosis expression in the field. Root reduction potential was measured spectrophotometrically at 594 nm on samples of nutrient solution containing reduced Fe+2 . Plants were grown with 5 mM NaHCO3 or in HCO3 ‐‐free solutions. Averaged over cultivars, 0.205 umoles Fe+3 were reduced in the HCO3 ‐‐free solutions while only 0.009 umoles Fe+3 were reduced in the solutions containing HCO3 ‐. No significant differences were observed among cultivars for root reduction potential within either HCO3 ‐ treatment. Results from this study suggest that HCO3 ‐ may inhibit iron absorption by limiting the ability of roots to release reducing compounds which make available Fe+2 in the soil solution. This may partially explain the role of HCO3 ‐ in reducing chlorosis. 相似文献