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Xu Lingying Wang Meiyan Xie Xinqiao Shi Xuezheng Xu Shengxiang Sun Weixia Shi Yijie Yu Quanbo Pan Jinhua Li Xiangwei Tian Yutian Zhu Yuncong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(4):1920-1930
Journal of Soils and Sediments - Organic manure is beneficial for macro-aggregate formation and soil organic carbon (SOC), but how SOC change in aggregate fractions in time-series is still... 相似文献
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通过设置常规混合+风干态泡沫砂(CK)、常规混合+水浸态泡沫砂(1T)、常规混合+泥浆态泡沫砂(2T)、分层混合+风干态泡沫砂(3T)和分层混合+水浸态泡沫砂(4T) 5个处理,研究了不同混合方式对泡沫砂和土壤混合均匀性的影响,并采用容重的标准差和变异系数表征混合均匀性。结果表明:泡沫砂形态显著影响了混合均匀性。采用常规混合时,水浸态泡沫砂显著增加了0～10 cm和0～20cm土层混合均匀性,容重的标准差比风干态泡沫砂分别降低了188%和105%,容重的变异系数分别降低了62.1%和50.1%;与风干态泡沫砂相比,泥浆态泡沫砂不仅显著降低了不同土层的混合均匀性,还显著降低了混合物内部的混合均匀性,0～10 cm土层容重的标准差和变异系数分别比10～20 cm土层显著增加68.1%和50.8%。单变量分析表明,混合方式对混合均匀性无显著性影响,混合方式和泡沫砂形态之间无交互效应,泡沫砂形态是影响泡沫砂和土壤混合均匀性的主要因素。采用水浸态泡沫砂在常规混合方式下与土壤混合,不仅提高了混合物整体以及不同土层的混合均匀性,而且还降低了不同层次之间混合均匀性的差异。因此,建议采用常规混合+水浸态泡沫砂的方式混合土壤和泡沫砂。 相似文献
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低场核磁探测水稻田改蔬菜地土壤水分的相态变化 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为了解水稻土转变为设施蔬菜地后土壤水分的相态变化,该研究在田间土壤调查的基础上,结合低场核磁测氢技术,评价了田间状态的水稻土和不同转化年限设施蔬菜地土壤水分的相态分布情况。结果表明:随着转化时间的延长,耕层土壤大孔隙吸持的自由水比重下降,土壤小孔隙吸持的束缚水比重上升,犁底层土壤水分的相态分布却无明显变化,土壤水分吸持性能在转化时间序列上呈现下降的趋势,但长期施用有机肥可以优化耕层质量,提升土壤大孔隙吸持自由水的能力,改善土壤水分供释性能;水稻土转化为设施蔬菜地土壤2 a后,出现新犁底层,使得原有的耕层土壤变薄,土壤水分吸持性能下降。核磁共振作为一种新的技术手段,可以实现实时、快速、准确地检测土壤水分的相态变化,可为设施农业的可持续管理提供新的技术支持。 相似文献
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太湖流域典型设施蔬菜地土壤结构特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
快速城市化背景下设施蔬菜产业迅速发展，研究设施蔬菜地土壤结构演变特征，对强烈人为作用下土壤资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本文以太湖地区水稻田、露天菜地和设施菜地为研究对象，采集表层和犁底层土壤进行理化分析，以土壤大孔隙（>50μm）、土壤水稳性团聚体表征土壤结构，通过与当地传统的水稻田和露天蔬菜地两种土地利用方式对比，研究设施菜地土壤结构的变化特征，并分析了其影响因子。结果表明，设施蔬菜种植显著增加了土壤大孔隙，并提高了土壤团聚体的稳定性，大孔隙方面主要增加了耕层（0-15cm）50-500μm和>500μm部分的孔隙度，其孔隙度与水田相比分别提高了133%和141%，与露天菜地相比分别提高了120%和50.4%；土壤团聚体表现为小团聚体减少，大团聚体增加，相比于水稻田和露天菜地，耕层水稳性团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）提高了72.3%和26.6%，团聚体破坏率（PAD）降低了46.5%和37.8%；犁底层MWD分别提高83.9%和78.1%，PAD降低42.9%和44.8%。有机质和土壤质地与土壤传输孔隙和团聚体稳定性具有显著相关性。相关分析结果表明，土壤结构参数与有机质含量和砂粒粉粒含量显著相关，研究区土壤质地为粉砂壤土，质地轻，设施菜种植中有机肥施用量倍增，有机质含量显著提高，有利于增加设施蔬菜土壤的大孔隙，增加大团聚体含量，提高团聚体稳定性。轻质粉砂壤土进行设施蔬菜种植后每茬施用有机肥11.3t/ha，能改善土壤结构，有效避免集约化种植后土壤板结现象。 相似文献
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Lingying Xu Meiyan Wang Yutian Tian Xuezheng Shi Yijie Shi Quanbo Yu Shengxiang Xu Xiangwei Li Xinqiao Xie 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(3):412-420
Organic farming can potentially mitigate soil compaction, which commonly occurs in vegetable plantations, particularly in greenhouses when compared with open‐air systems. Although several studies have addressed the effect of planting patterns on soil pore characteristics, few studies have focused on changes in pore attributes under organic fertilization. We used adjacent fields during green manure planting as a control to compare the differences in soil physicochemical and macropore parameters between 14‐year‐old greenhouse plots and open‐air plots under organic fertilization. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to analyse the drivers of soil macropore characteristics in vegetable plantations in Jiangsu Province, China. A significant increase in connectivity, fractal dimensions and total macroporosity and a decrease in bulk density after 14 years of organic farming, particularly in the surface layer in the greenhouse, were observed. However, the difference in pores in the plough pan layer was not significant between the treatments. The volume of small pores (50–500 μm) and medium pores (500–1,000 μm) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both the greenhouse and open‐air systems, showing significantly positive relationships with soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) content. Large pores (>1,000 μm) showed a clear decrease, especially in open‐air fields, possibly due to the disappearance of the original straw residues in the surface layer. Small and medium pores in the plough layer increased in greenhouse fields, whereas the opposite occurred in open‐air fields. Overall, compared with open‐air systems, long‐term organic greenhouse patterns had a significantly positive effect on soil pore attributes. 相似文献
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众所周知,农业用水的缺乏严重影响着世界干旱地区农业的发展,尤其影响着水稻的生产。育出具有耐旱特性的水稻品种从而经济地利用水分是一个重要的课题。前人的研究表明野生稻Oryza属中有许多种具有耐旱性,如果水稻栽培种也具有耐旱性,那将会更能适应环境节约用水,大大地提高水稻的收获面积及适应性。Oryza meridionalis 和Oryza australiensis具有耐旱特性,试验旨在通过远缘杂交将野生稻Oryza meridionalis 和 Oryza australiensis的耐旱特性转移到栽培稻Oryza Sativa。用Oryza meridionalis花粉对Oryza sativa共2419朵小花进行杂交授粉,并对杂交获得的18粒F1代未成熟种子进行了胚胎拯救,最终仅有一粒F1种子发芽并发育成植株,并获得一粒F2代种子,其杂交率为0.46%,萌芽率为50%,F1代杂种的结实率为0.024%;用Oryza australiensis花粉对Oryza sativa共1848朵小花进行杂交授粉,并对杂交获得的48粒F1代未成熟种子进行了胚胎拯救,有11粒F1种子发芽并发育成植株,全部不育,其杂交率为0.60%,萌芽率为31.1%。同时,还对F1代杂种的形态学和农艺学特性进行了观察,最后还讨论了提高杂交率的方法及伪杂种的问题。 相似文献
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Effects of porous clay ceramic rates on aeration porosity characteristics in a structurally degraded soil under greenhouse vegetable production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Quanbo YU Meiyan WANG Yutian TIAN Xuezheng SHI Xiangwei LI Lingying XU Xinqiao XIE Yijie SHI Yuncong ZHU 《土壤圈》2021,31(4):606-614
Soil structure degradation in greenhouse vegetable fields reduces vegetable production. Increasing aeration porosity is the key to ameliorating soil structure degradation. Thus, we tested the effect of a porous material, porous clay ceramic(PLC), on the amelioration of soil structure degradation under greenhouse vegetable production. A 6-month pot experiment was conducted with four PLC application levels based on volume, i.e., 0%(control), 5%(1 P), 10%(2 P), and15%(3 P) using Brassica chinensis as the test plant. At the end of the experiment, soil columns were sampled, and the aeration pore network was reconstructed using X-ray computed tomography(CT). The degree of anisotropy(DA), fractal dimension(FD), connectivity, aeration porosity, pores distribution, and shape of soil aeration pores and plant biomass were determined. The DA, FD, and connectivity did not significantly differ as the PLC application rate increased.Nonetheless, aeration porosity significantly linearly increased. The efficiency of PLC at enhancing soil aeration porosity was 0.18% per Mg ha~(-1). The increase in aeration porosity was mainly due to the increase in pores 2 000 μm, which was characterized by irregular pores. Changes in aeration porosity enhanced the production of B. chinensis. The efficiency of PLC at increasing the plant fresh weight was 0.60%, 3.06%, and 2.12% per 1% application rate of PLC for the 1 P, 2 P, and 3 P treatments, respectively. These results indicated that PLC is a highly efficient soil amendment that improves soil structure degradation by improving soil aeration under greenhouse conditions. Based on vegetable biomass, a 10% application rate of PLC was recommended. 相似文献
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北京景天科野生植物引种栽培试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对北京地区7种景天科野生植物对温度、水分、光照条件的适应性研究,结果表明,野生景天在试验地能够完成发芽、展叶、开花、结实的生长发育过程;能通过扦插及分株方法繁殖;能忍耐的土壤最低含水量为3.7%～4.1%;能耐42.2℃极端高温及-16.4℃的极端低温;能够在全光照及郁闭度为0.7的林下正常生长;绿期为240～260天,是北京地区园林绿化的优良野生地被植物. 相似文献
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