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GGE biplot analysis to evaluate genotype, environment and their interactions in sorghum multi-location data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sujay Rakshit K. N. Ganapathy S. S. Gomashe A. Rathore R. B. Ghorade M. V. Nagesh Kumar K. Ganesmurthy S. K. Jain M. Y. Kamtar J. S. Sachan S. S. Ambekar B. R. Ranwa D. G. Kanawade M. Balusamy D. Kadam A. Sarkar V. A. Tonapi J. V. Patil 《Euphytica》2012,185(3):465-479
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very important crop in the arid and semi-arid tropics of India and African subcontinent. In the process of release of new cultivars using multi-location data major emphasis is being given on the superiority of the new cultivars over the ruling cultivars, while very less importance is being given on the genotype?×?environment interaction (GEI). In the present study, performance of ten Indian hybrids over 12 locations across the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 was investigated using GGE biplot analysis. Location attributed higher proportion of the variation in the data (59.3–89.9%), while genotype contributed only 3.9–16.8% of total variation. Genotype?×?location interaction contributed 5.8–25.7% of total variation. We could identify superior hybrids for grain yield, fodder yield and for harvest index using biplot graphical approach effectively. Majority of the testing locations were highly correlated. ‘Which-won-where’ study partitioned the testing locations into three mega-environments: first with eight locations with SPH 1606/1609 as the winning genotypes; second mega-environment encompassed three locations with SPH 1596 as the winning genotype, and last mega-environment represented by only one location with SPH 1603 as the winning genotype. This clearly indicates that though the testing is being conducted in many locations, similar conclusions can be drawn from one or two representatives of each mega-environment. We did not observe any correlation of these mega-environments to their geographical locations. Existence of extensive crossover GEI clearly suggests that efforts are necessary to identify location-specific genotypes over multi-year and -location data for release of hybrids and varieties rather focusing on overall performance of the entries. 相似文献
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India is the world’s tenth most forested nation with 76.87 M ha of forest and tree cover occupying 23.4% of its geographical
area. Forests—with their intrinsic of carbon sequestration and storage values—are in the front line of India’s climate change
mitigation strategies. This paper provides estimates of sequestered carbon in India’s forest and tree cover for the years
1995 and 2005 as per the IPCC good practice guidelines method. It is based on the primary data for the soil carbon pool through
collecting soil samples by laying out quadrats across the country and secondary data for the growing stock of all forest and
tree cover in the country. The estimates are compared with current and future projected emissions. It is found that conservation
policies have resulted in increase of the country’s forest carbon stocks from 6244.8 to 6621.6 Mt with an annual increment
of 37.7 Mt of the carbon from 1995 to 2005. Annual CO2 removal by the forests is enough to neutralise 9.3% of the country’s 2000 level emissions. Continued removals by the forest
and tree cover would offset 6.5 and 4.9% of India’s projected annual emissions in 2010 and 2020 respectively. Economically,
the annual value of this forest carbon in the international market is about US $188 million. The result is of use in the REDD
and REDD+ context for India. 相似文献
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Objective The aims of this study were (1) to determine the efficacy of adeno‐associated vector serotype 5 (AAV5) for delivering gene therapy to canine corneal fibroblasts (CCFs) and myofibroblasts (CCMs) using enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene and (2) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AAV5 to CCFs and CCMs using an in vitro model. Methods Healthy donor canine corneas were used to generate primary CCFs by growing cultures in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Canine corneal myofibroblasts were produced by growing cultures in serum‐free medium containing transforming growth factor β1 (1 ng/mL). An AAV5 titer (6.5 × 1012 μg/mL) expressing GFP under control of hybrid cytomegalovirus + chicken β‐actin promoters (AAV5‐gfp) was used to transduce CCF and CCM cultures. Delivered gene expression in CCFs and CCMs was quantified using immunocytochemistry, fluorescent microscopy, and real‐time PCR. Transduction efficacy of the AAV5 vector was determined by counting DAPI‐stained nuclei and EGFP‐positive cells in culture. Phase‐contrast microscopy, trypan blue, and dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were used to determine the toxicity and safety of AAV5 in this canine corneal model. Results Topical AAV5 application successfully transduced a significant population of CCFs (42.8%; P < 0.01) and CCMs (28%; P < 0.01). Tested AAV5 did not affect CCF or CCM phenotype or cellular viability and did not cause significant cell death. Conclusions The tested AAV5 is an effective and safe vector for canine corneal gene therapy in this in vitro model. In vivo studies are warranted. 相似文献
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Kasturikasen Beura Mahendra Singh Amit Kumar Pradhan Rajiv Rakshit Manohar Lal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(3):287-294
We investigated the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and various phosphorus (P) levels on the distribution and availability of P in dominant soils of Bihar, India. Potassium chloride (KCl)-P (labile P), sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-P (Fe-Al-bound P), hydrochloric acid (HCl)-P (Ca-bound P), and residual P (Res-P) fractions were analyzed in the soils under maize plant. Ca-bound P was the most abundant P fraction in the alkaline soils (65% of the total P) followed by neutral soil (35% of the total P), whereas it was less abundant (<4%) in the acidic soil type. Fe-Al-bound P was found to be highest for acidic soil (65% of the total P). Soils under the inoculation with Glomus mossae and control gave the highest and lowest values (15.63 mg kg?1 and 10.74 mg kg?1 respectively) for the labile fraction which was similar to the organically bound residual fractions of P (200.17 mg kg?1 and 193.66 mg kg?1 respectively. Inoculation of the soils with AM fungi leads to the redistribution of P fractions in different soils which consequently helps in improvement of available P in soil conducive for plant uptake. 相似文献
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Rajkishore Nayak Sinnappoo Kanesalingam Shadi Houshyar Arun Vijayan Lijing Wang Rajiv Padhye 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(6):954-962
This research investigated the effect of repeated laundering and dry-cleaning on the physical and thermophysiological comfort properties such as air permeability, water vapour resistance and thermal resistance of fabrics made of meta-aramid (Nomex®) fibre. Two different types of fabric were selected for the study and subjected to repeated laundering and dry-cleaning (1, 5 and 10 cycles), which is commercially used for the care and maintenance of these fabrics. The fabric thickness, areal density, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance values increased with the number of laundering cycles, whereas the air permeability decreased due to the fabric shrinkage and swelling. On the other hand, the thickness and air permeability of the dry-cleaned fabric samples increased with the number of cycles; while the water vapour resistance and thermal resistance decreased. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the structural changes as indicated by the longitudinal fibrillation in the fabrics subjected to laundering or dry-cleaning. 相似文献
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Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were fermented with bacteria or yeast. The microbial growth on three DDGS media-unmodified DDGS, enzyme-pretreated DDGS, and supplemented DDGS - was compared with standard media. Comparative growth profile indicated peaks in microbial growths at different times. The highest specific growth rates (SGR) of 0.6, 0.54 and 0.51 h−1 were observed for Saccharomyces Boulardii on unmodified DDGS, yeast extract, and enzyme-modified DDGS, respectively. Pediococcus Acidilactici and Lactobacillus Plantarum had the SGR of 0.17 and 0.07 h−1, respectively, on control DDGS. However, L. Plantarum on unmodified DDGS demonstrated the highest cell count (2.91 × 1011 CFU/mL), followed by S. boulardii at 1.5 × 109 CFU/mL on YEPD, and P. acidilactici at 1.16 × 1010 CFU/mL on MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) media. Protein digestibility of DDGS improved slightly due to fermentation, and resulted in reduced phytic acid content for some treatments. Production of lactic acid was highest on unmodified DDGS. 相似文献
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Nithikulworawong N Yakupitiyage A Rakshit S Srisapoome P 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(5):343-358
The complete cDNA sequence of the Nile tilapia T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain was cloned using 5' RACE. The full-length, 1263-bp cDNA contained a 942-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 314-amino-acid protein. Sequence analyses revealed that the Nile tilapia TCR β chain contains four conserved cysteine residues involved in the formation of disulphide bridges and a conserved amino acid motif believed to be important for assembly and signalling of the TCR αβ/CD3 complex, both of which are normally found in the TCR β chain of other vertebrates. As detected using semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR, the highest expression level of TCR β was detected in the thymus. Interestingly, Streptococcus agalactiae significantly induced the up-regulation of the TCR β chain, and the strongest up-regulation was detected in the brain and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). In in vitro experiments, concanavalin A and Aeromonas hydrophila were found to significantly increase the expression of the TCR β chain in PBLs after 48 h (P < 0.01) and 72 h (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 10(7) cfu mL(-1) of S. agalactiae could induce TCR β expression that was greater than the expression observed following administration of 10(9) cfu mL(-1). The presence of the TCR β chain in fish detected in this study suggests the presence of T-cell populations that have been found in higher vertebrates, which may play a crucial functional role in the response to fish pathogens. 相似文献
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