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Nicola M. Hall Bocary Kaya Jan Dick Ute Skiba Amadou Niang Ramadjita Tabo 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):224-230
The impacts of fallow on soil fertility, crop production and climate-forcing gas emissions were determined in two contrasting
legumes, Gliricidia sepium and Acacia colei, in comparison with traditional unamended fallow and continuous cultivation systems. After 2 years, the amount of foliar
material produced did not differ between the two improved fallow species; however, grain yield was significantly elevated
by 55% in the first and second cropping season after G. sepium compared with traditional fallow. By contrast, relative to the unamended fallow, a drop in grain yield was observed in the
first cropping season after A. colei, followed by no improvement in the second. G. sepium had higher foliar N, K and Mg, while A. colei had lower foliar N but higher lignin and polyphenols. In the third year after fallow improvement, a simulated rainfall experiment
was performed on soils to compare efflux of N2O and CO2. Improved fallow effects on soil nutrient composition and microbial activity were demonstrated through elevated N2O and CO2 efflux from soils in G. sepium fallows compared with other treatments. N2O emissions were around six times higher from this nitrogen-fixing soil treatment, evolving 69.9 ngN2O–N g−1soil h−1 after a simulated rainfall event, compared with only 8.5 and 4.8 ngN2O–N g−1soil h−1 from soil under traditional fallow and continuous cultivation, respectively. The findings indicate that selection of improved
fallows for short-term fertility enhancement has implications for regional N2O emissions for dry land regions. 相似文献
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J. Dick B. Kaya M. Soutoura U. Skiba R. Smith A. Niang & R. Tabo 《Soil Use and Management》2008,24(3):292-301
The yield and flux of nitrous oxide (N2 O) emitted from continuous cereals (with and without urea), legumes/cereal in rotation and cereal/legume in rotation all with or without organic manure was monitored from January 2004 to February 2005. All treatments except continuous cereals had phosphate added. The cereal grown July–October in 2003 and 2004 was pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) and the legume was a bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). The 10 m × 10 m plots were established in a semi-arid climate in Mali. The addition of organic manure and both inorganic fertilizers increased yield and N2 O emissions. Continuous cereals treated with both organic manure and urea emitted significantly less N2 O (882 g N/ha per year) than plots receiving no organic manure(1535 g N/ha per year). Growing N-fixing crops in rotation did not significantly increase N2 O emissions. This study supports the new practice of growing cereal and legumes in rotation as an environmentally sustainable system in semi-arid Mali. 相似文献
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The CERES-sorghum module of the Decision Support System for Agro-Technological Transfer (DSSAT) model was calibrated for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using data from sorghum grown with adequate water and nitrogen and evaluated with data from several N rates trials in Navrongo, Ghana with an overall modified internal efficiency of 0.63. The use of mineral N fertilizer was found to be profitable with economically optimal rates of 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 for more intensively managed homestead fields and less intensively managed bush fields respectively. Agronomic N use efficiency varied from 21 to 37 kg grain kg−1 N for the homestead fields and from 15 to 49 kg grain kg−1 N in the bush fields. Simulated grain yield for homestead fields at 40 kg N ha−1 application was equal to yield for bush fields at 80 kg N ha−1. Water use efficiency generally increased with increased mineral N rate and was greater for the homestead fields compared with the bush fields. Grain yield per unit of cumulative evapo-transpiration (simulated) was consistently higher compared with yield per unit of cumulative precipitation for the season, probably because of runoff and deep percolation. In the simulation experiment, grain yield variability was less with mineral N application and under higher soil fertility (organic matter) condition. Application of mineral N reduced variability in yield from a CV of 37 to 11% in the bush farm and from 17 to 7% in the homestead fields. The use of mineral fertilizer and encouraging practices that retain organic matter to the soil provide a more sustainable system for ensuring crop production and hence food security. 相似文献
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