Application of peracetic acid and quarternary ammonium disinfectants as a part of sanitary treatment in a poultry house and poultry processing plant     

Kasková A  Ondrasovicová O  Vargová M  Ondrasovic M  Venglovský J 《Zoonoses and public health》2007,54(3-4):125-130

Hygiene and sanitation play a major role in any effective disease control programme for poultry production and processing premises. Various deficiencies in disinfection may induce that chains of infections are not broken from one stock to another. The present study investigated the efficacy of disinfection on a broiler farm and in a plant processing poultry from the investigated farm. Besides inspection of disinfection, the influence of contamination on broiler carcasses and consequences of this contamination on sanitation of the processing lines were studied. Swabs from surfaces coming into contact with the handled raw material were taken and evaluated. The results obtained by a standard microbiological swab method were evaluated and compared with an ATP-bioluminescence method. The investigations included determination of total counts of microorganisms, coliform bacteria and moulds. When employing the standard plate-count method, the total counts of microorganisms (TCM) reached <1, 1-100 and >100 CFU in 0, 12 and 88% swabs on poultry farm and in 22%, 36% and 42% swabs in the processing plant, respectively. The bioluminescence method was used only in the processing plant and contamination corresponding to <100, 100-300 and >300 relative light units (RLU) was detected in 80%, 10% and 10% swabs respectively.  相似文献   

Experimental transmission of Caryospora kutzeri (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) by rodent hosts     

Volf J  Modrý D  Koudela B 《Folia parasitologica》2001,48(1):11-14

Four laboratory-hatched European kestrels Falco tinnunculus L. were fed on laboratory mice and common voles Microtus arvalis Pallas previously inoculated with different doses of sporulated oocysts of Caryospora kutzeri B?er, 1982. Two kestrels that were fed infected mice shed C. kurtzeri oocysts 6 days after ingesting murine tissues. To compare direct and indirect transmissions, two of the kestrels were subsequently directly inoculated with 10(5) sporulated C. kutzeri oocysts and became patent on days 8 and 9 and shed caryosporan oocysts up to day 25 post inoculation. Additionally, four mice were inoculated with 10(6) oocysts in order to examine mouse tissues for the presence of developmental stages of C. kutzeri. No coccidian stages were found in the tissues of inoculated mice. The experiment showed that developmental stages of C. kutzeri are able to survive in mouse tissues and cause infection of suitable host after their ingestion.  相似文献   

Caryospora varaniornati sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the Nile monitor, Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus species complex     

Modrý D  Slapeta JR  Knotek Z  Koudela B 《Folia parasitologica》2001,48(1):7-10

Parasitological examination of two ornate Nile monitors Varanus ornatus (Daudin, 1803) imported from Benin revealed the presence of a new species of Caryospora. Oocysts of Caryospora varaniornati sp. n. are spherical to slightly subspherical, 12.0 (11-12.5) x 11.5 (11-12) microm, without amicropyle and oocyst residuum, and occasionally possessing one small polar granule. Sporocysts are broadly ellipsoidal, 8.8 (8.5-9.5) x 6.7 (6.5-7) microm; a lentil-like Stieda body is present, ca. 0.5 x 1 microm; substieda body not visible. Experimental infection of a closely related host, Varanus niloticus (L.), did not lead to the oocyst excretion despite the fact that one of the experimentally inoculated monitors was immunosuppressed by dexamethasone. Histological examination did not reveal stages of coccidian development. Therefore, it is possible that C. varaniornati is strictly host specific.  相似文献   

A survey for BVDV antibodies in cattle farms in Slovakia and genetic typing of BVDV isolates from imported animals     

Vilcek S  Mojzisová J  Bajová V  Paulík S  Strojný L  Durkovic B  Hipíková V 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2003,51(2):229-236

A serological survey for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies on a collection of 1295 serum samples obtained from 6-12 months old cattle originating from 45 farms in Slovakia was carried out. On 13 farms more than 90% of the examined animals were seropositive, on 14 farms 71-90% seroprevalence was observed, on 13 farms only 50-70% animals were found to be positive for BVDV antibodies, while the remaining 5 farms showed fewer than 50% seropositive animals. The average incidence of BVDV antibodies (around 70%) was similar as determined 30 years ago. Of 84 serum samples from seronegative animals originating from 14 farms in which 70-98% seropositivity was observed, six were positive in Ag-BVDV ELISA indicating persistently infected (PI) cattle. On a farm to which animals were imported from abroad, a BVD outbreak was observed. Of 110 animals tested, four were positive in Ag-ELISA indicating the presence of PI cattle on this farm. Genetic typing of two isolates from imported animals performed by RT-PCR (324/326 primers from 5'-UTR), sequencing of PCR products and computer-assisted phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belong to BVDV-1 h group.  相似文献   

Tick salivary gland extract-activated transmission of Borrelia afzelii spirochaetes     

Pechová J  Stĕpánová G  Kovár L  Kopecký J 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(2):153-159

Saliva-activated transmission of Borrelia afzelii Canica, Nato, du Merle, Mazie, Baranton et Postic, 1993 was demonstrated using salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) ticks and C3H mice. Injection of Borrelia spirochaetes together with SGE increased the level of bacteraemia and accelerated the appearance of bacteria in the urinary bladder, compared with the injection of spirochaetes alone. More I. ricinus nymphs became infected when feeding on mice inoculated with B. afzelii plus SGE. Analysis of cytokines produced by cells of draining lymph nodes from SGE-treated mice showed a suppression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-6 and GM-CSF following a transient upregulation in comparison with the control mice infected without SGE.  相似文献   

Decreased expression of L-selectin (CD62L) on lymphocytes in enzootic bovine leukaemia     

Dusinský R  Bardotti M  Ponti W 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2000,47(2):127-132

Expression of L-selectin was determined by single- and two-colour immunofluorescence on granulocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and blasts of bovine origin by means of a monoclonal antibody IVA94 which recognizes bovine L-selectin (CD62L). Cells were separated from peripheral blood of healthy cattle and colleagues infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). BLV-infected animals comprised lymphocytotic and non-lymphocytotic cows. L-selectin was expressed on 90-98% of granulocytes in all tested animals. The percentage of PBMC expressing L-selectin was lower in cattle with persistent lymphocytosis than in non-lymphocytotic or BLV-free cattle, and inversely correlated with lymphocyte counts. The ratio of B lymphocytes stained for L-selectin was significantly decreased from 60.2 +/- 1.9% in BLV-free cattle to 43.8 +/- 3.6 and 22.5 +/- 5.7% in non-lymphocytotic and lymphocytotic cattle, respectively. B-lymphocytes stained for L-selectin exhibited about 50% reduction in L-selectin expression in BLV-infected cattle compared with BLV-free cattle, as judged by the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). The percentage of L-selectin-positive PBMC not bearing surface immunoglobulin M (predominantly T lymphocytes) was comparable in BLV-free and BLV-infected cattle. However, L-selectin expression on T lymphocytes was reduced (about 50%) in BLV-infected cattle, as judged by the MFI. We suppose that BLV infection results in a decreased L-selectin expression on lymphocytes, and accordingly, it may contribute to deregulation of the host immune system.  相似文献   

Occurrence of anholocylic strains of pest aphids on winter barley and wheat in South Moravia,Czech Republic     

Dr. P. Starý 《Journal of pest science》1996,69(7):149-152

Anholocyclic strains ofSitobion avenae (F.),Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) andRhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were detected on winter barley and wheat in autumn, 1995 in South Moravia, the Czech Republic. Anholocycly was proved by samples docummenting the species composition and population structure of aphids in 20 localities throughout the area. Natural enemy presence was also determined and the species are listed. Anholocycly established in the cereal aphids in the target area is discussed in relation to a similar evidence known from the north-west Europe and some parts of the Mediterranean.  相似文献   

Buchbesprechungen     

Schw  Dr. Skuhravý Václav 《Journal of pest science》1996,69(7):168-170

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

LATEX paint as an antifeedant againstHylobius abietis (L.) (Col., Curculionidae) on conifer seedlings     

V. Zumr  Dr. P. Starý 《Journal of pest science》1995,68(2):42-43

LATEX paint in water solution applied to newly planted conifer seedlings was found to prevent damage byHylobius abietis adult weevils for the whole season. Treatment of the basal third of the trunk was sufficient. Also, utilisation of the results as a model for deerantifeedant treatments and protection againsts the weevils is recommended.With 1 figure  相似文献   

Experimentelle Infizierung einiger anБereuropäischerPinus-Arten durch die KiefernnadelgallmückeThecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägr.)(Diptera,Cecidomyiidae)     

V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1972,45(8):119-124

Zusammenfassung Die KiefernnadelgallmückeThecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägr.), die in Europa anPinus sylvestris L.,P. mugo Turra undP. nigra Arnold lebt, wurde im Arboretum Bolevec in Westböhmen auch an der nordamerikanischen KiefernartPinus resinosa Aiton und den ostasiatischen KiefernartenPinus tabuliformis Carriere undP. yunnanensis Franchet festgestellt.Experimentell gelang es durch die Kiefernnadelgallmücke vonPinus mugo subsp.mughus (Scop.) Domin, auch die obengenannten außereuropäischen Kiefernarten und als Kontrolle die europäischen ArtenPinus sylvestris L. undPinus mugo subsp.uncinata (Ant.) Domin zu infizieren. Experimentelle Infizierung war erfolglos an den Kiefernarten:Pinus cembra subsp.alpina (Rikli),P. strobus L.,P. rigida Miller,P. radiata D. Don.,P. echinata Miller,P. contorta Douglas undP. thunbergii Parlatore.Die Ursache der Nichtinfizierung der untersuchten Kiefernarten kann folgenden Ursprung haben: Unterschiede in dem Chemismus, besonders in der Qualität und Quantität der Terpene im Innern der Nadeln, oder: Unterschiede in der Gestalt der Nadeln, besonders die Nichtanwesenheit der Nadelscheide, die den Basalteil der Nadeln umhüllt und deshalb die Entwicklung der Eier und Larven nicht ermöglicht, oder aber: es waren morphologisch die Nadeln in der Zeit der Infizierung für die Eiablage nicht geeignet — entweder noch mit Schutzschuppen bedeckt, oder schon zu groß entwickelt.Die befallenen Nadeln der außereuropäischen Arten waren verkürzt, in dem Basalteile grö ßtenteils einige mm zusammengewachsen. Die Lavalkammer befand sich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle in der Nadelbasis.Nach den gewonnenen Ergebnissen erscheint es notwendig, eine taxonomische Revision der 5 von 11 nordamerikanischen Kiefernarten beschriebenen Gallmückenarten durchzuführen.

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Summary The Needle shortening gall midgeThecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägr.) occurring in Europe on the pinesPinus sylvestris L.,P. mugo Turra andP. nigra Arnold was found in an Arboretum in Bolevec in Western Bohemia on the North American speciesP. resinosa Aiton and on the East Asian speciesP. tabuliformis Carriere andP. yunnanensis Franchet.The following non-European species:Pinus resinosa Aiton,P. tabuliformis Carriere andP. yunnanensis Franchet and European species:P. sylvestris L. andP. mugo subsp.uncinata (Ant.) Domin were experimentally infested withThecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägr.) fromPinus mugo subsp.mughus (Scop.) Domin. The experimental infestation was not successful in the case ofPinus cembra subsp.alpina (Rikli),P. strobus L.,P. rigida Miller,P. radiata D. Don.,P. echinata Miller,P. contorta Douglas andP. thunbergii Parlatore.The failure to infest some pine species might have three causes: the chemical compositions of the pine needles differed; the sheath shielding the basal part of brachyblast was missing; the needles of some pine species were not in the right state for oviposition and development of larvae at the time of infestation — they were either too mature or completely covered with scales.Infested needles of the non-European species were considerably shortened compared with non-infested ones. Their basal part usually coalesced for several mm and in most cases the larval chamber was situated right in the base of the needle.Results mentioned above showed the necessity of revision of the taxonomic position of 5 gall midge species developing in the bases of 11 North-American pine species.

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