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OBJECTIVES: To identify dietary transition stages based on dietary patterns of adult Haitians having lived in Montreal for various lengths of time, and to assess associated dietary quality. SUBJECTS: One hundred and eighty-one Haitians aged 25-60 years were recruited by the modified random digit dialling method. DESIGN: Socio-economic, diet and lifestyle variables were documented by questionnaire. Three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted over a 3-month period. Dietary patterns were studied using cluster analysis, and their association with proportion of lifetime in Canada and with socio-economic status (SES) was examined. Diet quality criteria were micronutrient adequacy and healthfulness based on dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Four dietary phenotypes were identified which could roughly represent stages of dietary transition or acculturation (Traditional, Pre-Western, Western and Modern). Subjects in the 'Traditional' cluster were older and had lived for a significantly lower proportion of their lifetime in Canada; they also tended to be of lower SES. Diet quality was significantly higher in the 'Traditional' than the 'Western' type, particularly with respect to healthfulness. A significantly lower proportion of subjects complying with limited intake of total fat ( < 30%) and cholesterol ( < 45%) was observed in the 'Western' compared with other diet phenotypes. Less than 15% of all subjects consumed enough dietary fibre, irrespective of diet type. CONCLUSION: Dietary transition stages could be identified on the basis of food patterns of Haitians according to the proportion of their lifetime in Canada. Encouraging the youth to retain the traditional food culture in its positive aspects would appear relevant 相似文献
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Tamar Akhvlediani Nazibrola Chitadze Rusudan Chlikadze Nino Rostiashvili Medea Betashvili Paata Imnadze Robert G. Rivard Mikeljon P. Nikolich Michael A. Washington Christian T. Bautista 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(7):835-841
Zoonotic diseases are endemic in the country of Georgia. Using the non‐linear canonical correlation (NCC) method, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between thirteen epidemiological risk factors and seropositivity to five zoonotic infections (anthrax, Q fever, tularemia, leptospirosis, and Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF]) among Georgian military recruits during 2014–2016. According to this multivariate statistical technique, which is suitable for the analysis of two or more sets of qualitative variables simultaneously, two canonical variables were identified. These variables accounted for 68% of the variation between the two sets of categorical variables (“risk factors” and “zoonotic infections”). For the first canonical variable, there was a relationship among CCHF (canonical loading, which is interpreted in the same way as the Pearson's correlation coefficient, [cl] = 0.715), tick bites (cl = 0.418) and slaughter of animals (cl = 0.351). As for the second canonical variable, Q fever (cl = ?0.604) and leptospirosis (cl = ?0.486) were related to rodents inside and outside home (cl = ?0.346) and sweeping in or around home (cl = ?0.317). The NCC method allows researchers to obtain additional insights into the complex relationship between epidemiological risk factors and multiple zoonotic infections. 相似文献
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Zayed Joseph Pitre Janike Rivard Michèle Loranger Sylvain 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,109(1-4):137-145
Since 1976, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), an organic derivative of Mn, has been used in Canada as an anti-knock agent in unleaded gasoline. In a preliminary evaluation of the contribution of MMT to urban air pollution, the CO and NOx emissions of 10 vehicles each having traveled less than 17 000 miles were sampled. Five of these vehicles were filled with MMT-free gasoline and the remaining five with MMT-added gasoline. The emissions were evaluated according to the Federal Test Procedure which simulates urban and highway driving cycles. As for the NOx and CO analysis, it was carried out by means of infrared spectrometry, while the concentration of Mn in the gasoline was determined through neutron activation. Overall, the amount of CO emitted by the vehicles using MMT-added gasoline was 1.48 g mile-1 ± 1.77. The amount emitted by the vehicles using clear (MMT-free) gasoline was 0.74 g mile-1 ± 0.88. As for the NOx emission level, it was 0.20 g mile-1 ± 0.15 for the vehicles using MMT-added gasoline vs 0.17 g mile-1 ± 0.18 for the vehicles using clear gasoline. However, probably due to the small sample size and the very high level of emission of one of the vehicles using MMT-added gasoline, these differences are not statistically significant. Further studies should take into account variables such as the driving history and the representativity of the fleet of vehicles tested. 相似文献
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Richard J. Johnson Chris Rivard Miguel A. Lanaspa Silvia Otabachian-Smith Takuji Ishimoto Christina Cicerchi Peter R. Cheeke Bridgett McIntosh Tanja Hess 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
Fructose is a simple sugar present in honey and fruits, but can also exist as a polymer (fructans) in pasture grasses. Mammals are unable to metabolize fructans, but certain gram-positive bacteria contain fructanases and can convert fructans to fructose in the gut. Recent studies suggest that fructose generated from bacteria or directly obtained from the diet can induce both increased intestinal permeability and features of metabolic syndrome, especially the development of insulin resistance. The development of insulin resistance is driven in part by the metabolism of fructose by fructokinase C in the liver, which results in oxidative stress in the hepatocyte. Similarly, the metabolism of fructose in the small bowel by intestinal fructokinase may lead to increased intestinal permeability and endotoxemia. Although speculative, these observations raise the possibility that the mechanism by which fructans induce laminitis could involve intestinal and hepatic fructokinase. Further studies are indicated to determine the role of fructanases, fructose, and fructokinase in equine metabolic syndrome and laminitis. 相似文献
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Christian Vogel Camille Rivard Ichiro Tanabe Christian Adam 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(18):2088-2102
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all forms of life and is applied as fertilizer in agriculture. The P availability for plants may be highly dependent on the chemical state of P in fertilizers and soils; however, the nature of this dependence remains obscure due to the limitations of generally applied wet chemical and instrumental analytical approaches. This paper focuses on recently developed infrared, Raman, ultraviolet and X-ray microspectroscopic techniques for the characterization of P in soil. Microspectroscopic techniques have the advantage that discrete P phases can be distinguished and characterized even if their mass fractions are very low. However, only small volumes of soil can be analyzed by microspectroscopic methods hence a combination of macro- and microspectroscopic techniques is a promising concept. 相似文献
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