Heavy metals immobilization in contaminated soil by grape-pruning-residue biochar     

Roghaie Hamzenejad Taghlidabad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(8):1041-1052

To investigate the influence of grape-pruning-residue (GPR) biochar on cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) immobilization in a contaminated soil, a laboratory study was conducted with different rates of GPR biochar (0, 2, 5 and 10% w/w) at 25°C. After 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of incubation, the Tessier sequential extraction procedure was performed and metal mobility factor (MF) and metal stability index (I_R) were calculated. The exchangeable (EX) and carbonate (CAR) fractions of the metals decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the biochar addition. The EX metal fractions decreased by 23 to 72%, and the CAR fractions decreased by 51 to 67% in the 10% biochar treatment after 8-week incubation. The MF values of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn decreased by 47, 62, 70 and 49%, respectively, with addition %10 of the biochar. Biochar addition favored the metal redistribution into more stable fractions and resulted in an increase in I_R values. The results demonstrated that the GPR biochar, especially at high application rate (10%), can effectively immobilize the heavy metals, thereby reducing their mobility in contaminated soils.  相似文献   

Nut set evaluation in inter-specific almond × peach backcross progenies for self-compatibility selection in almond breeding programme     

Karim Sorkheh  Soghra Kiani  Roghaie Azimkhani  Nastaran Mehri  Júlia Halász 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):191

Self-compatibility was examined in 22 almond samples that were selected based on their generic and physiological characteristics. Polymerase chain reaction was also done with consensus primers. Pollen tube growth and nut set analyses were carried out on partially bagged limbs after self-pollination treatment. In spite of the fact that all genotypes had the S _f-allele and pollen tube growth were similar, nut set exhibited an alternate year characteristic that ranged from 16.2% to a maximum of 24.7%. This was the highest treatment after self-pollination. Difference existed between genotypes could be due to the genetic constitution of each genotype, is explored in set that is diminished by inbreeding, which diminish gene aggregation in different members of a progeny. In addition, flower morphology could also influence set in bagged limbs. Furthermore, with regard to flower sterility and bud density in relation to both pollination success and ecological condition availability, these traits must be considered when examining production in self-compatible almond orchards, e.g.,—the impacts accompanying inbreeding and effective autonomous self-pollination.  相似文献   

Comparison of different classical and molecular methods to identify superior self-compatible almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) genotypes and evaluation of their traits     

Asghar Estaji  Ali Ebadi  Akbar Ghorbani  Roghaie Allabakhsh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(1):36-42

Almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch syn. Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] trees are either self- or cross-incompatible, which results in lower fruit set and yields. Flower bagging, fluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to discriminate between self-compatible genotypes obtained from crosses of the self-incompatible female parents (‘121’ and ‘4’) with the self-compatible male parent (‘Tuono’). This study was performed on 80 almond genotypes. The results of this study showed that, in the first cross (‘121’ × ‘Tuono’), genotypes 5, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 27, 29, 31, 35, and 38 were identified as being self-compatible and, in the second cross (‘4’ × ‘Tuono’), genotypes 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 15, 21, 23, 25, 32, 37, 38, and 40 were found to be self-compatible. There were some promising genotypes based on self-compatibility and nut and kernel characteristics; for example, genotype 40 had the highest mean fruit and kernel weights at 2.9 and 1.3 g, respectively. PCR can be used to identify self-compatible genotypes at the juvenile stage. Flower bagging under favourable climatic conditions not only discriminated between self-compatible almond genotypes, but can also be used to measure fruit set percentages. Flower bagging and fluorescence microscopy can be used to determine the level of self-incompatibility. Fluorescence microscopy identified self-incompatible genotypes, even under unfavourable conditions. In general, a combination of all three methods is recommended to increase the accuracy of detecting self-compatible genotypes of almond.  相似文献