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Two procedures are described for the determination of residues of triadimenol and compared on cereal material. After extraction, purification is carried out by Florisil column chromatography in method I and by semi-preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in method II. Triadimenol residues are quantified by gas chromatography with a thermoionic detector. With method I, interference was observed but not with method II. This specific procedure has been tested on other plant materials. Recoveries in the range of 90–98% indicate that this procedure is suitable for residue analysis of this fungicide with detection limits of 0·008 mg kg?1 in wheat grains, 0·03 mg kg?1 in wheat straw and 0·004–0·008 mg kg?1 in other plants. Maximum residue limits in France are: 0·1 mg kg?1 in grain, 2·0 mg kg?1 in straw and 1·0 mg kg?1 in other vegetables and fruit. 相似文献
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A network of 15 sites of precipitation monitoring was built-up to characterize the spatial and temporal changes of pollutants over East Germany. Rain water samples were analysed and characterized regarding their acidity, conductivity, main water soluble components (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, Na+, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), volume and the meteorological parameters. Dependent on the changes of emission of pollutants, resulting from the reformation of industry, the decrease of stock farming, and increase of traffic (by the factor of ≈1.5) in East Germany, a drop could be observed with the sulphate and calcium concentrations in the precipitation by 20 to 50 and 30 to 70%, respectively. An increase could not be ascertained with the nitrate concentration and the acidity. 相似文献
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F Torchio S Giacosa SR Segade F Mattivi V Gerbi L Rolle 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9006-9016
An instrumental texture analysis method has been optimized for the differentiation of grape ripening stages based on the simultaneous determination of mechanical and acoustic parameters of the seeds. Two factorial central composite design was used to optimize the most influencing operative conditions (speed and deformation) on mechanical and acoustic measurements. This experimental design in combination with response surface methodology showed that the most responsive parameters to changes in seeds during ripening were Young's modulus of elasticity, many acoustic parameters measured with instrumental gain set to 0 (acoustic energy, linear distance, and number of peaks) and others measured at 24 dB gain (linear distance, number of peaks, and average pressure level). However, the optimal operative conditions depended on the texture parameter used. A correlation study between texture parameters and phenolic compounds of the seeds revealed that acoustic parameters like the average pressure level could be proposed as phenolic maturity indices. 相似文献
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Konstantin Z. Budin† 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(3):229-235
The present paper provides a review of data from literature sources and results of research carried out at the Institute of PlantIndustry with the aim of identifying genetic centres of formation of late blight resistant genotypes. For the research results, speciesfrom the potato collection of VIR were used. 相似文献
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Rolle L Gerbi V Schneider A Spanna F Río Segade S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10624-10634
The main aims of this work were to classify 30 colored and white wine grape varieties according to the berry skin hardness, to assess the influence of annual variations in climate on the berry skin hardness, and to establish significant relationships among berry skin mechanical properties and some climatic-bioclimatic indices calculated for different grape-ripening periods, close to the harvest date. The results obtained show that the most influential bioclimatic indices on the skin mechanical attributes were temperature parameters. In the same season, the influence of the production area was also evaluated, precipitation parameters being the best correlated with the berry skin hardness. This first work has permitted us to know the relationship among skin texture characteristics and seasonal climatic indices. 相似文献
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G. A. Watson† 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):136-145
SummaryThe productivity of ornamental foliage plants is related to their capacity to increase their leaf number and leaf size. In Monstera deliciosa, a change in leaf shape is also a pre-requisite for successful marketing. The aim of this work was to describe the effects of different concentrations of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 5, 50, 100, or 200 mg l–1) on the control of both leaf size and leaf shape in M. deliciosa, and the impact of these changes on commercial plant productivity. We found an increase of between 15.4 – 23.1% in the rate of leaf appearance (RLA), which reflected a shortening of the phyllochron, and an increase of between 17.5 – 34.9% in the relative rate of leaf area expansion (RLAE) at most of the BAP concentrations tested. This resulted in higher biomass accumulation in both roots and shoots through an increase of between 5.4 – 7.9% in the relative growth rate (RGR), mainly associated with higher net assimilation rates (NAR; increases from 9.0-fold to 11.0-fold) and increased photoassimilate partitioning to the shoots. The most important result of this work was the early appearance of perforated leaf laminae in M. deliciosa plants sprayed with 50 – 200 mg l–1 BAP, which made them ready for sale. 相似文献
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Rolle L Segade SR Torchio F Giacosa S Cagnasso E Marengo F Gerbi V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(16):8796-8805
Changes in the phenolic composition, phenol extractability indices, and mechanical properties occur in grape berries during the ripening process, but the heterogeneity of the grapes harvested at different ripening stages affects the reliability of the results obtained. In this work, these changes were studied in Nebbiolo grapes harvested during five consecutive weeks and then separated according to three density classes. The changes observed in chemical and mechanical parameters through the ripening process are more related to berry density than harvest date. Therefore, the winemaker has to select the flotation density according to the objective quality properties of the wine to be elaborated. On the other hand, the stiffer grapes were associated with a higher accumulation of proanthocyanidins. The harder grapes provided the higher concentration and extractability of flavanols reactive to vanillin, whereas the thicker ones facilitated the extraction of proanthocyanidins. 相似文献
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Ferrandino A Carra A Rolle L Schneider A Schubert A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(19):4931-4945
The diversity of berry skin flavonoids in grape genotypes has been previously widely investigated with regard to major compounds (nonacylated anthocyanins and flavonols), but much less with regard to acylated anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamoyl tartrates (HCTs). In this study, the composition of the phenolic fraction of the berry skin (free and acylated anthocyanins, flavonols, and HCTs) was assessed on 34 grapevine genotypes grown in a collection vineyard in northwestern Italy. The phenolic fraction was profiled on berries collected in the same vineyard, at the same ripening level across two successive vintages. The anthocyanin, HCT, and flavonol profiles were specific of each genotype, and the first two were relatively little affected by the vintage. A wide diversity in the polyphenolic fraction was shown among cultivars. Besides expected discriminatory effects of free anthocyanins and flavonol profiles, principal component analyses allowed a good discrimination of cultivars on the basis of coumaroylated anthocyanins and of the HCT profile. Anthocyanins were mostly acylated by aromatic acids, and acylation was independent from the anthocyanin substrate. HCTs were present mostly as coumaroyl and caffeoyl derivatives, and no correlation was observed between the same acylation patterns of tartrate and of anthocyanins. The results of this study are discussed in the light of new hypotheses on still unknown biosynthetic steps of phenolic substances and of the potential use of these substances in discrimination and identification of different grape cultivars in wines. 相似文献
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