The Effect of Inoculation Treatment and Long-term Application of Moisture on Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms and Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat Grains     

Marc Lemmens  Hermann Buerstmayr  Rudolf Krska  Rainer Schuhmacher  Heinrich Grausgruber  Peter Ruckenbauer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(3):299-308

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat, which can result in the contamination of grains with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Artificial inoculation of flowering ears with conidial suspensions is widely used to study FHB diseases. Our goal was to compare four inoculation treatments in which a conidial suspension was sprayed on flowering ears and to study the effect of the application of moisture during kernel setting and filling with a mist-irrigation system. Ten wheat genotypes were inoculated with a DON-producing Fusarium culmorum strain. Inoculation treatments varied in time of application of the inoculum (morning or evening) and in the method of controlling humidity during inoculation (bagging or mist irrigation). A wet season was simulated with a mist-irrigation system, keeping the crop canopy wet for at least 26 days after flowering. The severity of FHB symptoms (area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)), yield loss and DON contamination in the grains were determined. AUDPC data obtained with the different inoculation treatments were highly correlated (r=0.85–0.95). Mist irrigation after inoculation resulted in a higher mean disease severity, but in a overall lower toxin contamination as compared to the non-irrigated treatments. Genotypic differences in DON accumulation were present: for one wheat line toxin contamination significantly increased when irrigated, while two genotypes accumulated significantly less toxin. The closest relationships (r=0.73–0.89) between the visual symptoms and the DON content were obtained under moderate mean infection pressure. This relation between visual symptoms and the DON content deteriorated at higher infection levels.  相似文献   

Innovative layer genetics to handle global challenges in egg production     

Rudolf Preisinger 《British poultry science》2018,59(1):1-6

1. In commercial layer breeding, extensive gene pools are tested and selected for market requirements which must be anticipated at least 5 years ahead. Field results confirm a continuous positive genetic trend in egg output and better feed efficiency which can be converted into land savings.

2. Animal welfare and cage-free housing dominate future needs of the market. Nesting behaviour and minimal tendency to develop feather-pecking or cannibalism without beak treatment are key trait complexes. Stronger shells for longer production cycles without moulting have to be combined with better bones.

3. No single big gene effect can be expected to control the multifactorial problem of feather-pecking. Adjusting the shape of the beak, with a heritability of .10–.25, can contribute to reducing the risk of severe cannibalism.

4. For better skeletal integrity, the assessment of bone quality in pedigree birds housed in enriched cages is done by keel bone palpation or ultrasound measurement of the humerus. Both traits show similar heritabilities in the range of .15–.30 and can be included in a balanced selection approach for performance, quality and welfare traits.

5. The combination of performance testing and genome-wide DNA marker analysis is a promising tool to generate more progress for a balanced performance and behaviour profile.  相似文献   

Relation between soil organic matter and yield levels of nonlegume crops in organic and conventional farming systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Christopher Brock  Andreas Fließbach  Hans‐Rudolf Oberholzer  Franz Schulz  Klaus Wiesinger  Frank Reinicke  Wernfried Koch  Bernhard Pallutt  Bärbel Dittman  Jörg Zimmer  Kurt‐Jürgen Hülsbergen  Günter Leithold 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(4):568-575

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between yield levels of nonleguminous crops and soil organic matter (SOM) under the specific conditions of organic and conventional farming, respectively, and to identify implications for SOM management in arable farming considering the farming system (organic vs. conventional). For that purpose, correlations between yield levels of nonlegume crops and actual SOM level (C_org, N_t, C_hwe, N_hwe) as well as SOM‐level development were examined including primary data from selected treatments of seven long‐term field experiments in Germany and Switzerland. Yield levels of nonlegume crops were positively correlated with SOM levels, but the correlation was significant only under conditions of organic farming, and not with conventional farming treatments. While absolute SOM levels had a positive impact on yield levels of nonlegumes, the yield levels of nonlegumes and SOM‐level development over time correlated negatively. Due to an increased demand of N from SOM mineralization, higher yield levels of nonlegumes obviously indicate an increased demand for OM supply to maintain SOM levels. Since this observation is highly significant for farming without mineral‐N fertilization but not for farming with such fertilization, we conclude that the demand of SOM‐level maintenance or enhancement and thus adequate SOM management is highly relevant for crop production in organic farming both from an agronomical and ecological point of view. Under conventional management, the agronomic relevance of SOM with regard to nutrient supply is much lower than under organic management. However, it has to be considered that we excluded other possible benefits of SOM in our survey that may be highly relevant for conventional farming as well.  相似文献   

Trifluoromethyloxadiazoles: inhibitors of histone deacetylases for control of Asian soybean rust     

Christian Winter  Marcus Fehr  Ian R Craig  Wassilios Grammenos  Christine Wiebe  Violeta Terteryan‐Seiser  Georg Rudolf  Tobias Mentzel  Maria Angelica Quintero Palomar 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3357-3368

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Rudolf Geiger und Graf 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1930,52(3):91-96

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

    

Erwin Aichinger und Rudolf Siegrist 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1930,52(20):793-809

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Forstmeteorologische Messungen in einem Eichenbestand     

Rudolf Geiger und Hans Amann 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1931,53(10):341-351

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Die Einbringung der Buche in Nadelholzreoiere mittels Heistepflanzung     

Rudolf Reissinger 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1931,53(6):201-217

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Untersuchungen über das Bestandsklima III     

Dr. Rudolf Geiger 《European Journal of Forest Research》1926,48(5):337-360

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Spätfröste auf den frostflächen bei München     

Dr. Rudolf Geiger 《European Journal of Forest Research》1926,48(4):279-293

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