GMS和亚洲棉种内传统杂种间杂种优势的比较研究     

向平 Kajjidoni  ST 等 《国外作物育种》2001,20(2):67-67

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Polymer brushes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Milner ST 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4996):905-914

Polymers attached by one end to an interface at relatively high coverage stretch away from the interface to avoid overlapping, forming a polymer "brush." This simple picture may serve as the basis for models in diverse interfacial systems in polymer science, such as polymeric surfactants, stabilized suspensions of colloidal particles, and structures formed by block copolymers. The structure and dynamics of polymer brushes have been the subject of considerable theoretical and experimental activity in recent years. An account is given of recent advances in theoretical understanding of stretched polymers at interfaces, and the diverse experimental probes of systems modeled by brushes are briefly reviewed.  相似文献   

New mechanisms for chemistry at surfaces     

Ceyer ST 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,249(4965):133-139

It is becoming increasingly apparent that chemistry at surfaces, whether it be heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductors etching, or chemical vapor deposition, is controlled by much more than the nature and structure of the surface. Recent experiments that principally make use of molecular beam techniques have revealed that the energy at which an incident molecule collides with a surface can be the key factor in determining its reactivity with or on the surface. In addition, the collision energy of an incident particle has proven essential to the finding of new mechanisms for reaction or desorption of molecules at surfaces, collision-induced activation and collision-induced desorption. These phenomena are often responsible for the different surface chemistry observed under conditions of high reactant pressure, such as those present during a heterogeneous catalytic reaction, and of low pressure of reactants (< 10(-4) torr), such as those present in an ultrahigh vacuum surface science experiment. This knowledge of the microscopic origins of the effect of pressure on the chemistry at surfaces has allowed the development of a scheme to bypass the high-pressure requirement. Reactions that are normally observed only at high reactant pressures, and which are the ones most often of practical importance, can now be carried out in low-pressure, ultrahigh vacuum environments.  相似文献   

云南省野猪源猪瘟病毒E2及5'NTR基因序列测定分析     

赵焕云  张海楠  鲁富有  解明华  曾邦权  陈云明  吕嵘  李锡慧  张文东 《中国动物检疫》2021,38(12):33-37

猪瘟（CSF）是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）感染猪引起的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,严重危害我国养猪业健康稳定发展。本研究采用RT-PCR方法,对从云南省宁洱县2头病死野猪体内分离到的2株CSFV毒株进行了E2及5''NTR基因扩增、克隆及序列测定;采用DNAMAN、MEGA6等分子生物学软件,对测得的序列与国内外参考毒株进行了同源性分析及系统发育分析。结果显示：2株野猪源CSFV株E2、5''NTR基因同源性分别为87.2%、100%,与国内外参考毒株同源性分别为81.0%~97.6%、93.6%~98.5%,与我国强毒株Shimen株的同源性分别为81.0%~81.2%、95.6%;2株野猪源CSFV毒株E2基因属于基因2.1亚型,5''NTR基因属于基因2.3亚型。氨基酸序列分析显示：其中一株分离毒株的E2基因有6个氨基酸具有2.1d分子变异特征,另一株兼有2.1d和2.1b亚型分支特征,可能是2.1b和2.1d亚型的过渡毒株。结果表明,云南省野猪源CSFV虽存在一定的遗传衍化,但总体比较稳定。本研究为云南省CSF防控提供了分子流行病学依据,为进一步做好分子变异等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

云南省人工饲料共育商品化小蚕的思考     

王永生  杨海  陈云明  陈松  江亚  崔琛  刘敏  唐辉  范永慧  杨启慧  李继娅  李琼艳  朱水芬 《中国蚕业》2023,(3):38-43

围绕云南省蚕桑产业发展进程与发展态势总结了云南省蚕桑产业发展的状况,并叙述了云南省蚕桑产业基础良好、发展前景广阔。从人工饲料共育商品化小蚕对云南省蚕桑产业发展的重要性、人工饲料共育商品化小蚕的特色与优势、人工饲料共育商品化小蚕在云南省适度规模化示范情况等方面分析了人工饲料共育商品化小蚕是云南省商品化小蚕未来发展趋势。针对云南省人工饲料共育商品化小蚕提出了加强政府的规划与扶持、因地制宜打造典型示范、加快科技创新、加强科技服务与技术培训、制定相应标准规范等建议措施,以期推动人工饲料共育商品化小蚕新技术新模式在云南省的推广应用,推进云南省蚕桑产业提质增效,促进云南省蚕桑产业绿色高质量发展。  相似文献   

陕北黄土丘陵区刺槐人工林土壤生态化学计量特征     

刘愿  陈云明  梁思琦  陈晨 《水土保持研究》2019,(4)

为阐明陕北黄土丘陵区刺槐人工林土壤生态化学计量学特征,明确不同年限刺槐人工林土壤生态化学计量特征随土层深度的变化规律,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法对研究区内9,17,30 a的刺槐人工林土壤C,N,P,K含量进行了测定,分析土壤化学计量特征及土层间的关系。结果表明:(1)随着刺槐年限的增加,土壤C,N含量增加且二者呈极显著的正相关关系,P含量先增加后减少,在生长年限后期需补充土壤P元素,K含量减少;(2)随土层深度的增加,土壤C,N含量均减少且与土层深度呈显著的负相关关系;P含量在所有土层中分布较均匀;K含量随着土层深度的增加而增加,与土层深度有显著的正相关关系;(3)土壤C∶N,C∶P,C∶K,N∶P,N∶K和P∶K均随年限的增加而增加;在0—100 cm土层内,C∶N在8.52～8.96之间波动,C∶P,C∶K,N∶P和N∶K随土层深度的增加逐渐减少后趋于稳定。研究结果可为黄土丘陵区人工林生态系统养分受限元素判断和平衡调控机制提供依据。  相似文献   

Stability of copigmented anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in a grape juice model system     

Brenes CH  Del Pozo-Insfran D  Talcott ST 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(1):49-56

The stability of red grape anthocyanins (Vitis vinifera) was evaluated in a model juice system during normal (25 degrees C) and accelerated storage (35 degrees C) in the presence of ascorbic acid. Rosemary polyphenolic cofactors (0, 0.2, and 0.4% v/v) were evaluated as anthocyanin stabilizing agents. Cofactor addition resulted in concentration-dependent hyperchromic (up to 178%) and bathochromic (up to 23 nm) shifts, indicating a more intense red coloration of the models. Anthocyanin and ascorbic acid degradation followed first-order kinetics during storage. Results showed that copigmented treatments underwent a lower conversion of L-ascorbic acid into dehydroascorbic acid during storage when compared to the control, favorably impacting the vitamin retention of these models. Copigmentation did not affect anthocyanin degradation in the absence of ascorbic acid but in its presence aided to retain a higher anthocyanin content than the control. This study indicated that the addition of anthocyanin cofactors could be used to reduce the pigment and vitamin degradation while masking detrimental color changes in anthocyanin containing products.  相似文献   

乔木蒸腾耗水量研究方法述评与展望   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

于占辉  陈云明  杜盛 《水土保持研究》2009,16(3)

参阅了大量国内外有关乔木蒸腾研究方法文献,认为乔木蒸腾量研究方法主要有二大类,即组织器官测定、单木测定;分类对典型研究方法(快速称重法、气孔计法、整株容器称重法、同位素示踪法、热脉冲法、树干热平衡法、热扩散探针法)进行了述评,对比分析了各种方法问的优缺点及其适用范围;展望了乔木蒸腾耗水作用研究方法的应用前景,认为热技术法是未来几年内的主要测定方法.  相似文献   

黄土高原不同处理人工油松林地水土流失研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵鸿雁  吴钦孝  陈云明 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,30(6):171-173

为了客观评价人工油松林不同层次水土保持功能,利用定位观测的方法研究了不同处理人工油松林地的水土流失量。结果表明,与原状油松林相比,林地去掉枯枝落叶层、采伐上层林木保存草灌和枯枝落叶层、采伐林木开垦为农地的地表径流量分别增加了3.6,2.7和5.5倍;土壤侵蚀量分别增加了15.4,8.4和949.9倍。降水特征值与径流量之间相关关系不显著。  相似文献   

黄土高原半干旱区人工林刺槐展叶期树干液流动态分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

于占辉  陈云明  杜盛 《林业科学》2009,45(4)

应用热扩散式树干茎流计(TDP)于2008年4月26日至5月31日,在黄土高原半干旱区安塞县对人工林刺槐展叶期树干液流及其气象、土壤水分等6个指标进行连续测定.结果表明:刺槐展叶期可分为芽期、展叶初期、中期和全叶期.在芽期,刺槐树干液流速率日变化无明显昼夜波动;在展叶初期至全叶期日变化呈现出从微弱波动逐渐增大到趋于平稳的剧烈波动;在展叶中期以后液流速率表现为上升快、下降缓慢的单峰曲线;在全叶期平均峰值约为0.002 7 cm·s-1;树干液流速率与光合有效辐射强度、大气温度、水蒸气压亏缺和风速呈极显著正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关,其相关程度依次为光合有效辐射强度>大气温度>水蒸气压亏缺>相对湿度>风速,且可用光合有效辐射强度和大气温度线性表达式来估测;土壤水分在展叶期呈逐渐减少趋势,但对树干液流的胁迫不显著;在展叶期刺槐单株日蒸腾耗水量随直径的增大而增大并与胸径呈良好的线性关系,可用来估算展叶期刺槐人工林蒸腾耗水量.  相似文献