Matrix metalloproteinase‐2, ‐7, and ‐9 activities in dogs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to healthy dogs and dogs with other respiratory diseases     

Merita Mtt  Henna P. Laurila  Saila Holopainen  Kaisa Aaltonen  Liisa Lilja‐Maula  Sanna Viitanen  Minna M. Rajamki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):462-471

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Low-CO2 Energy Pathways versus Emission Control Policies in Acidification Reduction     

Sanna Syri  Niko Karvosenoja 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1831-1836

Integrated assessment models were applied to analyze the side-benefits of structural changes in the energy systems of Finland and the EU to reduce acidity critical load exceedances in Finland. The acidification reduction potential of structural measures, induced by the need to restrict carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, was compared with international agreements limiting acidifying emissions. The impacts of the UN/ECE Gothenburg protocol and the European Commission's proposal for a National Emission Ceilings (NEC) Directive were assessed together with domestic and bilateral policy scenarios. The study utilized point-source emission databases of Finland and the neighboring areas and a meso-scale deposition model together with the Europewide transfer matrices of the EMEP/MSC-W and European emission scenarios of IIASA. Further technical reduction measures in the adjacent large sulfur emission sources in Russia would reduce considerably deposition to nearby Finnish areas. Energy saving and shifts in the EU energy system towards less carbon-intensive fuels instead of further technical emission controls were found to have significant potential in limiting acidifying deposition. Implementation of the Kyoto protocol in the EU could reduce the Finnish areas at risk of acidification more than the Gothenburg protocol and the NEC Directive together.  相似文献   

Crystal structure of a lipid G protein-coupled receptor     

Hanson MA  Roth CB  Jo E  Griffith MT  Scott FL  Reinhart G  Desale H  Clemons B  Cahalan SM  Schuerer SC  Sanna MG  Han GW  Kuhn P  Rosen H  Stevens RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6070):851-855

The lyso-phospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates lymphocyte trafficking, endothelial development and integrity, heart rate, and vascular tone and maturation by activating G protein-coupled sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Here, we present the crystal structure of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 fused to T4-lysozyme (S1P(1)-T4L) in complex with an antagonist sphingolipid mimic. Extracellular access to the binding pocket is occluded by the amino terminus and extracellular loops of the receptor. Access is gained by ligands entering laterally between helices I and VII within the transmembrane region of the receptor. This structure, along with mutagenesis, agonist structure-activity relationship data, and modeling, provides a detailed view of the molecular recognition and requirement for hydrophobic volume that activates S1P(1), resulting in the modulation of immune and stromal cell responses.  相似文献   

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds: Clinical findings and etiological studies     

Sanna J. Viitanen  Anu K. Lappalainen  Ninna M. Koho  Tiina Pessa‐Morikawa  Lorenzo Ressel  Minna M. Rajamki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):846-855

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Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum in reared mullets: first evidence from Sardinia (Italy)          下载免费PDF全文

E Antuofermo  A Pais  M Polinas  T Cubeddu  M Righetti  M A Sanna  M Prearo 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(3):327-337

Mycobacterium marinum is a slow‐growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium, and it is considered the most common aetiologic agent of mycobacteriosis in wild and cultured fish. The diagnosis is principally made by histology when positive Ziehl–Neelsen stain granulomas are detected. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in extensively cultured Mugilidae of two lagoons (Cabras and San Teodoro) from Sardinia by the use of histology, microbiology, PCR and DNA sequencing. Nine of 106 mullets examined were affected by mycobacteriosis, and the spleen was the most affected organ. The histology detected higher rate (100%) of infection in spleen than the culture and PCR (75% and 62.5%, respectively). The sequencing of hsp65 gene identified M. marinum as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in the mullets examined. Mullets affected by mycobacteriosis were mainly fished in the San Teodoro lagoon characterized by critical environmental conditions. Histology remains the most common method in detecting fish affected by mycobacteriosis, and PCR‐based methods are essential for species identification. Our finding are worthy of attention because mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum in reared mullets was evidenced for the first time in Sardinia, suggesting that this disease may be underestimated also in other cultured fish species.  相似文献   

Positional distribution of conjugated linoleic acid in triacylglycerol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae     

Jaakola S  Vahvaselkä M  Laakso S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(15):5611-5616

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in the presence of cis-9,trans-11 or trans-10,cis-12 isomers of free conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the effects of the isomers on the regioisomerisms of triacylglycerol (TAG) of the yeast were elucidated. Both isomers constituted about 34% of all fatty acids and increased drastically the number of different TAG species. Nearly all of the species contained CLA in at least one sn-position. In the most abundant species analyzed (20% of total species), the cis-9,trans-11 isomer appeared in combination with monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C:18:1) whereas trans-10,cis-12 isomer was most frequently present with a medium chain fatty acid (C10:0 or C12:0) in the sn-2 position and C16:0 in one of the end positions (14% of total species). With either isomer, the amount of TAG species in which CLA encompassed all sn-positions was ca. 4%. Thus, S. cerevisiae can be used to produce edible single cell oil characterized by very heterogeneous distribution of CLA among the different TAG species.  相似文献   

Single nucleotide polymorphisms found in the red alga Furcellaria lumbricalis (Gigartinales): new markers for population and conservation genetic analyses     

Sanna Olsson  Helena Korpelainen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(3):460-467

Analysis of barley contamination in oats using R5 and ω-gliadin antibodies     

Pivi M. Kanerva  Tuula S. Sontag-Strohm  Pivi H. Ryppy  Pirjo Alho-Lehto  Hannu O. Salovaara 《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,44(3):347-352

Immunological methods based on monoclonal antibodies with varying specifities towards gluten proteins have been used to control the purity of gluten-free products. Commercially available methods have been developed to detect gluten proteins found in wheat. However, difficulties have occurred in quantifying barley proteins with the same accuracy as wheat proteins. Barley is also a common contaminant in oat products. In this study, oat flour samples were deliberately contaminated with known amounts of barley flour and analysed using two commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The methods were based on an ω-gliadin antibody and an R5 antibody. The results obtained with the R5 antibody were overestimates while the ω-gliadin antibody underestimated the higher barley prolamin content. This study showed that inaccuracies in ELISA assays in quantifying barley contaminations can possibly be eliminated by using a hordein standard. However, it is necessary to know the source of contamination. This would prevent overestimation of the hordein content of gluten-free products. Overestimation unnecessarily reduces the variety of gluten-free products and may decrease compliance to a gluten-free diet.  相似文献   

Anti‐tumour activity of oncolytic Western Reserve vaccinia viruses in canine tumour cell lines,xenografts, and fresh tumour biopsies          下载免费PDF全文

K. Autio  A. Knuuttila  M. Ahonen  S. Parviainen  A. Kanerva  T. Hakonen  A. Hemminki 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2016,14(4):395-408

Cancer is one of the most common reasons for death in dogs. One promising approach is oncolytic virotherapy. We assessed the oncolytic effect of genetically modified vaccinia viruses in canine cancer cells, in freshly excised tumour biopsies, and in mice harbouring canine tumour xenografts. Tumour transduction efficacy was assessed using virus expressing luciferase or fluorescent marker genes and oncolysis was quantified by a colorimetric cell viability assay. Oncolytic efficacy in vivo was evaluated in a nude mouse xenograft model. Vaccinia virus was shown to infect most tested canine cancer cell lines and primary surgical tumour tissues. Virus infection significantly reduced tumour growth in the xenograft model. Oncolytic vaccinia virus has antitumour effects against canine cancer cells and experimental tumours and is able to replicate in freshly excised patient tumour tissue. Our results suggest that oncolytic vaccinia virus may offer an effective treatment option for otherwise incurable canine tumours.  相似文献   

Comparison of azaperone–detomidine–butorphanol–ketamine and azaperone–tiletamine–zolazepam for anaesthesia in piglets     

Mari L Heinonen DVM  PhD  Marja R Raekallio DVM  PhD  Claudio Oliviero DVM  Sanna Ahokas DVM  Olli AT Peltoniemi DVM  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(2):151-157

ObjectiveTo investigate a combination of azaperone, detomidine, butorphanol and ketamine (DBK) in pigs and to compare it with the combination of azaperone, tiletamine and zolazepam (TZ).Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, cross–over study.AnimalsTwelve clinically healthy crossbred pigs aged about 2 months and weighing 16–25 kg.MethodsPigs were pre–medicated with azaperone (4 mg kg^?1). Ten minutes later anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular DBK (detomidine 0.08 mg kg^?1, butorphanol 0.2 mg kg^?1, ketamine 10 mg kg^?1) or TZ (tiletamine and zolazepam 5 mg kg^?1). The pigs were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Heart and respiratory rates, posture, anaesthesia score, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH and bicarbonate concentration were measured. t–test was used to compare the areas under time–anaesthesia index curve (AUC_anindex) between treatments. Data concerning heart and respiratory rates, PaO₂, PaCO₂ and anaesthesia score were analysed with anova for repeated measurements. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for the data concerning the duration of sedation and anaesthesia.ResultsThe sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia lasted longer after DBK than TZ. The AUC_anscore were 863 ± 423 and 452 ± 274 for DBK and TZ, respectively (p = 0.002). The duration of surgical anaesthesia lasted a median of 35 minutes (0–105 minutes) after DBK and a median of 15 minutes (0–35 minutes) after TZ (p = 0.05). Four pigs after DBK and six after TZ did not achieve the plane of surgical anaesthesia. The heart rate was lower after DBK than after TZ. Both treatments had similar effects on the other parameters measured.ConclusionsAt the doses used DBK was more effective than TZ for anaesthesia in pigs under field conditions.Clinical relevanceThe combinations can be used for sedation and minor field surgery in pigs. The doses and drugs chosen were insufficient to produce a reliable surgical plane of anaesthesia in these young pigs.  相似文献