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Parin Ugur Erbas Goksel Kirkan Sukru Savasan Serap Tugba Yuksel H. Balat Gamze 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(2):421-425
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Systemic fungal diseases are the infections caused by false treatment protocols and generally are not taken into consideration especially in the veterinary... 相似文献
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Aksoy S 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,115(2):125-145
TSETSE FLIES (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) are important agricultural and medical vectors transmitting the African trypanosomes, the agents of sleeping sickness disease in humans and various diseases in animals (nagana). While the prevalence of disease has increased to epidemic proportions, lack of a mammalian vaccine and affordable and effective drugs have hindered disease control. Trypanosomiasis management relies heavily on the control of its single insect vector, the tsetse fly. Despite the effectiveness of some of these tools, their impact on disease control has not been sustainable due to their local nature and extensive dependence on community participation. Recent advances in molecular technologies and their application to insects have revolutionized the field of vector biology, and there is hope that such new approaches may form the basis for future tsetse interventions. The success of the genetic approaches aiming to disrupt the transmission cycle of the parasite in their invertebrate host depends on full understanding of the interaction between tsetse and trypanosomes. This article reviews the biology of trypanosome development in the fly and the multiple bacterial symbionts that inhabit the same gut environment. The availability of a genetic transformation system for the midgut symbiont allows for gene products to be expressed in vivo in the tsetse gut where they can produce a hostile environment for pathogen transmission. The characterization of gene product(s) with anti-pathogenic properties and their expression in vivo is discussed. A strategy is outlined where the replacement of susceptible insect phenotypes with their engineered refractory counterparts can result in decreased disease transmission. 相似文献
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This study aimed at revealing arterial vascularization of the pineal gland of the Zavot-bred foetus. Twenty foetuses, regardless of their sex, at the age of 2-7 months were used. Coloured-latex was injected by way of both the right and left common carotid arteries. Then, dissection was performed and vessels nourishing the pineal gland were documented. The pineal gland is vascularized by a number of 2-5 central rami. A small vessel arising from each of the central rami in two foetuses (10%) was shown anastomosing with a branch of the cranial cerebral artery, which advances in cranio-caudal direction in the callosal groove. Hence, anastomoses were observed between several sub-branches of each caudal cerebral and cranial cerebellar arteries. 相似文献
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The arterial supply to the retina and lens of 10 fetal, 10 neonatal and four adult Zavot-bred cattle of both sexes was studied macroscopically and by stereoscopic microscopy by means of vascular perfusion with latex, giving special emphasis on the hyaloid artery. The central retinal artery ramified in four major retinal arterioles, which formed a compact network throughout the retina (holangiotic or euangiotic pattern). The hyaloid artery was patent in all fetal stages and extended through the vitreous cavity of the eye to the caudal surface of the capsule of the lens. Atrophy of the hyaloid artery began immediately after birth and was completed on day 17 after parturition. No remnant of the hyaloid artery in the vitreous cavity was observed in the adult cattle examined at stereoscopic microscopic level. 相似文献
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Sebnem Kemaloglu Dogan Serap Gumus Ayse Aytac Guralp Ozkoc 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(9):1422-1431
In order to explore an alternative method instead of plasticization for improving the toughness, flexibility and processability of PLA based packaging films, two different kinds of modified polyethylene based elastomers, such as glycidyl methacrylate or maleic anhydride functionalized ethylene-acrylate based elastomers, were melt blended with PLA. Their properties were compared with conventional PEG plasticized PLA. The chemical interaction between end groups of PLA and epoxide or maleic anhydride functional groups of elastomers was shown by FTIR. Scanning electron microscopy showed that up to 20 % PEG loading, one phase morphology was achieved, however beyond this point, a phase separation was observed for plasticized PLA. For PLA/elastomer blends, a two-phase morphology was obtained as a result of immiscible nature of PLA and elastomers. Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties indicated that elastomer based blends were better than plasticized PLA independently from elastomer type. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis exhibited that the T g value was remarkably lowered in the plasticized PLA; however, it did not change in the case of elastomers. In terms of oxygen permeability and biodegradability, plasticized PLA was found to be better than elastomer based blends. 相似文献
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Nitrogen mineralisation in soils of various forest sites (pine plantation, natural and thinned oak) at Uluda? University campus in Bursa, Turkey was investigated continuously over a year by the field incubation method. Net nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification rates varied depending on sampling dates. Although nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification rates increased in the spring and summer months, there was no seasonal variation in the soils of the examined forests. Annual net nitrate (NO3?–N) accumulation in the upper soil layer (0–5 cm) was higher in Oak I and Oak II (14 kg ha y?1 and 12 kg ha y?1) than in the pine plantation (8 kg ha y?1). While annual net NO3?–N accumulation (0–5 cm) varied between the oak forests (possibly due to forest management practices), annual net Nmin values were similar in these forests. No significant correlation was found between the examined soil parameters and net nitrification and mineralisation rates in the soils (P > 0.05). These results indicate that tree species and forest management practices play important roles in N cycling in forest ecosystems. 相似文献
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Ferbal Özkan-Yılmaz Arzu Özlüer-Hunt Suna Gül Gündüz Mehmet Berköz Serap Yalın 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(2):355-363
In this study was evaluated potential protective effect of organic selenium (Se) on heavy metal stress induced by lead (Pb) in Cyprinus carpio. For this reason, C. carpio was exposed to sublethal concentration of Pb (1.5 mg/L Pb(NO3)2) for 14 days. The fish were fed a basal (control; measured 0.55 mg/kg Se) diet or a basal diet supplemented with 2.50 mg/kg (measured 2.92 mg/kg Se) organic Se (Sel-Plex®) during the experiment period. The variations in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) with malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and brain tissues of C. carpio were investigated in experimental groups. GSH levels in liver and brain tissues were significantly decreased by exposure to Pb. GST activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in liver tissue, but decreased in brain of treated fish by exposure to Pb. Also, GSH-Px activity was significantly increased in liver tissue, but decreased in brain of Pb-treated fish. Levels of MDA were increased in liver and brain of Pb-treated fish. The organic Se treatment for Pb-intoxicated animals improved activities of GSH-Px, GST and levels of MDA within normal limits. Supplemented Se could be able to improve Pb-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and regulating antioxidant defense system in tissues. 相似文献
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A Serpen E Pelvan C Alasalvar BA Mogol HT Yavuz V Gökmen N Ozcan B Ozçelik 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(31):7682-7689
Seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by ?AYKUR Tea Processing Plant (Rize, Turkey), were examined for their proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, and water-soluble vitamins as well as total phenolic content, various antioxidant assays, phenolics (flavanols, alkoloids, condensed phenolics, and phenolic acids), chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Some variations, albeit to different extents, were observed (p < 0.05) among these parameters in seven grades of black tea. With respect to proximate composition, dietary fiber was the predominant compound (ranging from 49.68 to 54.31 g/100 g), followed by protein, carbohydrate, and, to a lesser extent, ash, moisture, and fat. Thirteen minerals, four water-soluble vitamins, six flavanols, two alkoloids, three condensed phenolics, one phenolic acid, two chlorophylls, and two carotenoids were identified in the seven grades of black tea. Total phenol content ranged from 7.52 to 8.29 g of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g, being lowest in grade 6 and highest in grade 1. With regard to antioxidant activities, a large variation in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values was observed among all grades of black tea (ranging from 777 μmol of trolox equivalents (TE)/g in grade 7 to 1210 μmol of TE/g in grade 3). The present work suggests that high- and low-quality black teas should not be distinguished on the basis of their nutritional and functional characteristics. The combination of nutritional compounds together with functional characteristics renders combination effects that provide the characteristic quality of each grade of black tea. 相似文献
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Hakan Salci Sani Sarigul Seref Dogan Huseyin Lekesiz Resat Ozcan O. Sacit Gorgul Kaya Aksoy 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(2):193-196
We performed biomechanical comparison of a xenograft bone plate-screw (XBPS) system for achieving cadaveric lumbar transpedicular stabilization (TS) in dogs. Twenty dogs'' cadaveric L2-4 lumbar specimens were harvested and their muscles were removed, but the discs and ligaments were left intact. These specimens were separated to four groups: the L2-4 intact group as control (group I, n = 5), the L3 laminectomy and bilateral facetectomy group (LBF) (group II, n = 5), the LBF plus TS with metal plate-screw group (group III, n = 5) and the LBF plus TS with XBPS group (group IV, n = 5). Five kinds of biomechanical tests were applied to the specimens: flexion, extension, left-right bending and rotation. The averages of the 16 stiffness values were calculated and then these were statistically analyzed. The statistical results show that the XBPS system contributes spinal stability and this system can be a good choice for achieving TS. 相似文献