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1.
Etana Debela Adugna Tolera Lars Olav Eik Ragnar Salte 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1939-1944
Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin)-containing forage legumes Desmodium intortum cv Greenleaf and Sesbania sesban (accession 15019) could be integrated into a feeding management strategy as a means of Haemonchus contortus control in goats. The anthelmintic effects of condensed tannin extracts from the two legumes on H. contortus L3 larvae were studied in an in vitro larval migration inhibition system. The extracts inhibited larval migration in a dose-dependent manner, and at concentrations from 1,000???g/ml condensed tannin, the extract from D. intortum caused a significantly higher inhibition of larval migration than did the corresponding concentrations of the S. sesban extract (P?<?0.01). Prolonged feeding of tanniniferous forage legumes showed that animals receiving D. intortum had the lowest total worm burden, the lowest female to male parasite ratio, the lowest number of eggs in the uterus of each female worm and the lowest per capita fecundity (P?<?0.01). However, there was no change in the performance (weight gain) of parasite-infected goats probably due to incomplete removal of the parasite or prolonged confinement of goats in small pens, which calls for further investigation. However, since there is no single efficient method in control of parasites, based on the obtained data from this experiment, integrated feeding of D. intortum with other suitable method of parasite control is thus suggested. 相似文献
2.
A survey was conducted between April and July 2007 to generate information on dry season feeding management and livestock
poisoning in the southern rangelands of Ethiopia. A total of 119 pastoralists were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.
Moreover, additional information was obtained through informal discussions. The study revealed that pastoralists have rich
knowledge of natural resource management and utilization and employ various strategies such as migration, collection of grasses
and pods, and cutting branches to overcome feed scarcity during dry/drought periods. Migration of livestock and people to
areas with better grazing is the widely used strategy. However, the implementation of this strategy is diminishing as a result
of changes such as bush encroachment, expansion of settlements, and crop cultivation in dry-season grazing lands. The respondents
also indicated the presence of poisonous plants in the rangeland, and about 20 such plants were identified by the respondents.
Various species and classes of livestock are reported to be affected by toxic plants particularly in the dry and early rainy
seasons when feed is in short supply. A more extensive survey is required to document all poisonous plants in the rangelands
and to identify the major toxic principles in the different species. Future development interventions should consider the
prevailing constraints and potentials of the rangelands with active participation of the pastoralists. 相似文献
3.
This study was carried out to assess the effects of variety, year, location and level of fertilizer application on chemical composition and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of durum wheat straw as well as to understand the relationship between straw quality and agronomic traits of the crop and to assess the possibilities of selecting wheat varieties that combine high grain yield with desirable straw quality. Two local (Arendeto and Tikur sinde) and two improved (Boohai and Gerardo) varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum Desf.) were used in the experiment. The four varieties were grown at two locations (Akaki and Ejere) in the years 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 in 5 x 5 m plots in three replications. Diammonium phosphate and urea fertilizers were applied at four levels (0/0, 32/23, 41/23 and 64/46 kg/ha of nitrogen/phosphorus). Straw quality was assessed based on chemical composition and in sacco DM degradability. Correlation of straw quality with grain and straw yield and with other agronomic characteristics of the crop was determined. The potential utility index (a measure that integrates grain and digestible straw yield) was used for ranking of the varieties. The local varieties had higher crude protein (CP) and lower neutral detergent fibre contents and higher digestibility than the improved varieties. The cropping year and location had significant effect on CP content and degradability of the straw, which could be due to climatic variation. However, the fertilizer level did not have any significant effect on straw quality except that the CP content of the straw tended to increase with increasing level of fertilizer application. Based on the potential utility index the varieties ranked, in a decreasing order, as Tikur sinde > Arendeto > Gerardo > Boohai and the ranking was consistent across years and locations. Except the CP content, straw quality was not negatively correlated with grain and straw yield. This indicates that there is a possibility of selecting varieties of wheat that combine high grain and straw yield with desirable straw quality. 相似文献
4.
A study was conducted to evaluate the macro and trace mineral contents of ten enset varieties collected from Sidama zone of
southern Ethiopia. Samples of leaf lamina, leaf midrib, pseudostem and corm were taken from ten enset varieties at the age
of 5 to 6 years during the main rainy season. The dry weight of each variety and fraction were also determined. Mineral contents
in fractions of different enset varieties were analysed and compared with nutrient requirements of ruminants. The contribution
of different enset fractions to the total dry weight was variable (P < 0.05), the highest being from pseudostem and the lowest
from leaf lamina. There were varietal differences (P < 0.05) in macro and trace mineral content in different fractions except
phosphorus (P) content of leaf lamina. Most enset fractions were rich sources of major minerals such as P, potassium (K),
calcium (Ca) (except corm) and magnesium (Mg). Sodium (Na) content was very low. Most fractions were rich in iron (Fe) and
manganese (Mn), but deficient in copper (Cu), except leaf lamina. Zinc (Zn) content was high in corm, but low in other fractions.
This account of the macro and trace mineral content of different enset varieties and fractions could help in strategic supplementation
intended to alleviate mineral deficiencies. 相似文献
5.
A. Nurfeta A. Tolera L. O. Eik F. Sundstøl 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(1):94-104
Feed intake, in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization were evaluated in male sheep fed different fractions (leaf, pseudostem, corm, whole plant) of enset, untreated or 2% urea‐ and 3% calcium oxide‐ (CaO or lime) treated wheat straw and Desmodium intortum hay as sole diets. All feeds, except D. intortum hay and enset leaf had low crude protein (CP) content. Non‐fiber carbohydrate contents were higher in enset fractions, especially in pseudostem and corm relative to other feeds. Enset leaf and pseudostem had high calcium, phosphorus and manganese contents. Corm, whole enset and D. intortum hay were rich sources of zinc. Daily dry matter and CP intakes were higher (p < 0.05) in sheep fed D. intortum hay (830 and 133 g, respectively) than those fed pseudostem (92 and 7.8 g, respectively). Organic matter digestibilities were highest for corm (0.780) and whole enset (0.776) and lowest for D. intortum hay (0.534) and untreated wheat straw (0.522). The CP digestibility ranged from 0.636 in D. intortum hay to 0.408 in corm. Nitrogen (N) balance was highest (p < 0.05) in D. intortum hay (10.4 g/day) and lowest in corm (?1.3 g/day). Enset leaf could be a useful protein supplement whereas the pseudostem and corm could be good sources of energy. 相似文献
6.
M. Mengesha M. Bezabih K. Mekonnen A. Adie A. J. Duncan P. Thorne A. Tolera 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(7):1415-1422
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing increasing levels of dried tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) leaf on the nutrition and performance of sheep fed a basal diet of barley straw. The study had four treatments, which involved supplementation of dried tagasaste leaf at 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day. Twenty-four yearling Menz sheep (weight 17 ± 0.83 kg) were assigned to one of the four treatments in a randomized complete block design. The experiment comprised a feeding trial lasting for 90 days, a digestibility trial, and carcass evaluation using all animals. Samples of the feed consumed, refused, and feces were analyzed for nutrients. Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients increased linearly (P < 0.001) as tagasaste supplementation increased from 100 to 400 g/day. Similarly, average daily body weight gain increased linearly (P < 0.001) from 20 to 73 g/day, feed conversion efficiency from 0.04 to 0.10, and dressing percentage from 40 to 48%, as the supplementation increased from 100 to 400 g/day. Proportion of tagasaste leaf in the diet increased from 20 to 50%, while the ratio of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to crude protein (CP) decreased from 7.9 to 5.3, as the level of supplementation increased. It was thus concluded that supplementation of dried tagasaste leaf up to 50% of the diet DM, resulting in a NDF:CP ratio of 5.3, produces no deleterious effects on the performance of sheep, and inclusion to this level can be applied for superior growth performance and carcass yield in sheep fed crop residue-based diets. 相似文献
7.
Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate the effects of different concentrates to roughage ratios on growth
performance and attainment of puberty in Friesian–Boran crossbred heifers. Weaned 50% Friesian–Boran crossbred female calves
were used in both experiments with 25 and 20 calves in experiments I and II, respectively. In experiment I, the calves were
offered diets with concentrate to roughage ratios of 50:50 (treatment 1) or 30:70 (treatment 2). In experiment II, the calves
grazed for 8 h a day and supplemented with 2 kg hay and 1 kg concentrate per head per day (treatment 1) or only 2 kg hay per
head per day (treatment 2). The concentrate mixture was composed of 34% wheat bran, 31% wheat middling, 31% noug cake, 3%
limestone, and 1% salt. In experiment I, heifers fed a ration with 50% concentrate and 50% roughage had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.532 kg) and attained puberty at 221 kg (65% of the mature body weight) in 15 months, while
heifers fed a diet with 30% concentrate and 70% roughage gained 0.434 kg/day and reached puberty at 247 kg (70% of the mature
body weight), about 3 months later. Heifers in treatments 1 and 2 of experiment II reached puberty 5 and 12 months later,
respectively, than those in experiment I. In experiment II, heifers given 1 kg of concentrate supplement had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.346 kg) than those given only 2 kg hay in addition to grazing (0.278 kg). Growth rate of
crossbred heifers was enhanced and age at puberty was reduced by changing the rearing management from outdoor to indoor and
with increasing level of concentrate in the ration. This helps to bring the dairy heifer into production earlier and enhance
to the overall productivity of the dairy industry. 相似文献
8.
Serbessa Tolera Bekele Dagne Woldegebriel Kifle Teshome Gari Abel Geleta Dida Mulatu Tesfaye Geletu Kassahun 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(6):2337-2350
Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) is a perennial root crop belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. It is endemic to Ethiopia and distributed over wide range of agro-ecologies. For further improvement and efficient conservation of this crop, characterization of its genetic diversity and its pattern of distribution is a vitally important step. Expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) markers were developed from publicly available watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] ESTs in the GenBank database. Among those novel markers, eight were polymorphic and subsequently used for genetic diversity and population structure analyses of 30 anchote accessions collected from western Ethiopia. A total of 24 alleles were obtained across the eight polymorphic loci and 30 accessions that revealed moderate level of genetic diversity in this minor crop. Among the eight loci, locus CA_06 was the most informative with six alleles and polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.76. The accessions showed about threefold variation in terms of genetic diversity, with expected heterozygosity (He) ranging from 0.15 (accession An) to 0.44 (accession Dg). Other accessions with higher genetic diversity include Ar and Gu (He?=?0.43 and 0.41, respectively). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variation within accessions and among accessions accounted for 84.7% and 15.3% of the total variation, respectively. The study revealed low but significant population differentiation in this crop with no clear pattern of population structure. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study are the first of their kind for anchote and can be used for characterization of its wider genetic resources for conservation and breeding purposes.
相似文献9.
Nutritive value of botanical fractions of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala grown in the mid-Rift Valley of southern Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutritive value of botanical fractions (leaves, twigs, pods and whole forage) of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala were evaluated based on chemical composition, in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability, in vitro gas production and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The objective was to characterize the nutritive value of the different morphological fractions in order to determine their potential as alternative sources of livestock feed. The crude protein content (g/kg DM) was highest (P < 0.05) in M. oleifera leaves (361.2) followed by M. stenopetala leaves (334.4) and lowest in M. oleifera twigs (79.1) and M. stenopetala pods (89.2). The fiber (NDF, ADF and ADL) contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the twigs and pods than the leaves and whole forage in both species. The different morphological fractions of both species had high mineral content, although the Na content was low or marginal in most fractions except whole forage and green pods of M. stenopetala. The in sacco DM degradability ranked the morphological fractions in the order of leaves > whole forage = pods > twigs after 24 h of incubation time. The potential degradability (A + B) was highest (P < 0.05) in M. oleifera twigs (97.9 %) and M. stenopetala leaves (98.5 %) and lowest in the pods of both species (64.4–69.5 %) with intermediate values in all other fractions. No significant differences were observed in the instantly fermentable fraction (a) and rate of gas production (c), whereas lower (P > 0.05) insoluble but slowly fermentable (b) and potential gas production (a + b) were recorded in the pods than in the other morphological fractions of both species. The study showed that the different morphological fractions of the two Moringa species are good source of nutrients with high degradability which could be used as potential supplements to low quality tropical roughages. 相似文献
10.
Tesfaye Negewo Solomon Melaku Bimrew Asmare Adugna Tolera 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(6):1209-1217
The experiment was conducted using 20 yearling intact male Arsi-Bale sheep with a mean body weight of 20.56?±?0.45 (mean?±?SD) to investigate the performance and economic benefit of graded levels of concentrate supplementation to urea-treated maize cob (UTMC)-based diet. The experiment consisted of 7 days of digestibility trial and subsequent 90 days of feeding trial. Before the commencement of the experiment, sheep were vaccinated against common infectious diseases, dewormed, and disinfected against internal and external parasites, respectively. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. The sheep were grouped into five blocks of four animals based on their initial body weight, and one animal from each block was randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. The treatments included ad libitum feeding of UTMC (T1) and supplementation with a concentrate mixture composed of wheat bran (WB) and noug seed cake (NSC) in 2:1 ratio, which were offered at 150 g (T2), 250 g (T3), and 350 g (T4) DM/head/day. The CP content of the UTMC was 9.3% on DM basis. The daily DM intake of UTMC was higher (P?<?0.001) for T4 (614.6 g) compared to T1 (505.1 g), T2 (538.9 g), and T3 (590.3 g). Total DM intake was higher (P?<?0.001) for supplemented treatments T2 (688.4 g), T3 (844.1 g), and T4 (966.9 g). Supplementation did not improve (P?>?0.05) digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF, except CP digestibility which was significant (P?<?0.001) across treatments. Supplementation increased (P?<?0.001) final body weight (FBWT), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and average daily weight gain (ADG). The average daily gain (ADG) was highest (P?<?0.001) in T4 (80.8?±?7.74 g/day) followed by T3 (33.3?±?7.74 g/day) and T2 (23.1?±?0.95 kg) whereas the un-supplemented animals lost about 9.2 g/day. The highest total return, net income, and marginal rate of return were observed in higher level supplemented sheep than the control. Therefore, T4 improved biological performance and marginal rate of return than the other treatments and can be considered as better alternative feed supplement in UTMC-based feeding of Arsi-Bale sheep in Ethiopia. 相似文献