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Rouhollah Karimi Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad Shahrokh Khanizadeh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(4):386-395
The effects of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) on anti-oxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capacity in ‘Sultana’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated under cold stress. When vines had an average of 15 leaves, 0 (control), 50, 100, or 200 µM ABA was sprayed to run-off on all leaves of each plant. Twenty-four hours after foliar spraying with ABA, half (n = 5) of the water-only control vines and half (n = 5) of each group of ABA-treated plants were subjected to 4°C for 12 h, followed by a recovery period of 3 d under greenhouse conditions (25°/18°C day/night). The remaining plants in each treatment group were kept at 24°C. Cold stress increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in vine leaves, whereas all foliar ABA treatments significantly reduced their levels. Chilled plants showed marked increases in their total soluble protein contents in response to each ABA treatment. ABA significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in cold-stressed grapevine leaves. In contrast, cold stress markedly decreased the rates of leaf photosynthesis (A) and evaporation (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves, but increased intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) in leaves. Treatment with all concentrations of ABA resulted in lower leaf A, E, and gs values, but higher Ci values at 24°C. However, following cold stress, ABA-treated vines showed higher leaf A, E, and gs values, but lower Ci values compared to control vines without ABA treatment. The application of 50–200 µM ABA allowed chilled vines to recover more quickly when re-exposed to normal temperatures, enabling the vines to resume their photosynthetic capacity more efficiently following cold stress. These results showed that, by stimulating anti-oxidant enzyme systems and alleviating cold-induced stomatal limitations, ABA reduced the inhibitory effect of cold stress on the rate of CO2 fixation in ‘Sultana’ grapevine plants. 相似文献
2.
Fardin Hamedi Shahrokh Fatehi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(19):2324-2337
This study investigated phosphorus (P) dynamics and kinetics in calcareous soil under inorganic, organic, and integrated (inorganic+organic) fertilizer systems during two growing seasons of maize in two soil depths (0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m). A field experiment was conducted with 150, 300, and 400 kg ha?1 triple superphosphate (TSP), 7.5 and 15.0 ton ha?1 (on dry matter basis) farmyard manure (FYM), and integrated systems. In order to analyze Olsen P, soil samples were collected in 30-day-intervals after planting. The results showed that at the end of the two growing seasons of maize, the lowest magnitudes of Olsen P0–0.15 m were 6.0, 6.8, 7.4, and 7.6 mg kg?1 for the control, 7.5 FYM, 15 FYM, and 150 TSP, respectively. The highest magnitudes of Olsen P0–0.15 m were 12.4, 11.5, 11.4, and 11.1 mg kg?1 for 300 TSP+15 FYM, 400 TSP+7.5 FYM, 400 TSP+15 FYM, and 300 TSP+7.5 FYM, respectively. The same trends were observed for Olsen P0.15–0.30 m. Heterogeneous diffusion model demonstrated that Elovich equation could best describe the experimental data (mean; R2 = 0.98, SE = 0.29). The highest P supply rates (PSR) were 4.73, 3.91, and 3.86 mg kg?1day?1 (days after application) for 400 TSP, 400 TSP+15 FYM, and 300 TSP, respectively. The models of P supply capacity of soil could estimate P supply of soil under different fertilizer systems (R2 = 0.84–0.95). The present study improved the understanding of the capacity and rate of P supply by considering P uptake by grain maize. Fertilizer recommendations depend on the accessibility of fertilizer types suggested to help choose the best fertilizer systems. 相似文献
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Agriculture is the major consumer of water and it is possible to decrease water consumption in this sector by proper irrigation scheduling. Irrigation scheduling is based on crop water requirements. Saffron is an important crop in Iran. The main purpose of this study was to determine the potential evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for saffron using single and dual crop coefficients, in Badjgah region, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Three water-balance lysimeters were used for this experiment in a two-year study. Total saffron potential evapotranspiration values were 523 and 640 mm in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. The maximum evapotranspiration rates for saffron were 4.5 and 6.1 mm d?1 in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Based on the results of this study, different saffron growing stages for evapotranspiration were 30, 40, 70 and 60 days. Crop coefficient (K c) values for the initial, mid- and late-season growth stages were 0.41–0.45, 0.93–1.05 and 0.29–0.31 in both years, respectively. Basal crop coefficient (K cb) values for the initial, mid- and late-season growth stages were 0.15–0.16, 0.41–0.65 and 0.15–0.17 in both years, respectively. 相似文献
4.
[目的]通过克隆‘砀山酥梨’(Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Dangshansuli’)果实中咖啡酰-辅酶AO-甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)基因的全长序列,并对其进行生物信息学及基因表达差异分析,阐释了其在梨果实木质素合成途径的作用,以期为今后利用基因调控技术来改变果实中石细胞含量从而改善梨果实品质提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以15年生‘砀山酥梨’果实为试材,根据从NCBI数据库中搜索得到关于植物木质化的CCoAOMT基因序列与梨基因组数据库调取的序列比对,利用RT-PCR技术克隆得到了木质素生物合成途径中的一种关键酶基因PbCCoAOMT,GenBank登录号为KJ577544。[结果]该基因全长1133bp,具有1个744bp的完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码247个氨基酸。序列比对及系统进化树分析表明:CCoAOMT酶是氧甲基转移酶类,与其他植物CCoAOMT编码的蛋白序列有较高的相似性,尤其与枇杷的相似度最高,达到98.79%,且亲缘关系最近。利用荧光定量PCR技术对其在果实不同发育时期表达模式的分析发现,基因表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,与梨果实中石细胞含量的变化趋势相似。[结论]初步认为从‘砀山酥梨’中克隆得到的PbCCoAOMT基因可能参与了梨果实中木质素的代谢。 相似文献
5.
树莓的货架期很短,因此选育货架期长的品种是扩大树莓鲜食市场经济而有效的方法。试验通过测定不同品系树莓果实产量,并对与货架期相关的果实品质进行分析,对不同树莓品系进行了综合评价。结果表明,树莓果实坚硬度是鲜食品种的最重要性状之一,供试品系的果实坚硬度、果实可溶物含量、果实渗漏性、汁液损失、果实抗腐性以及在果实适销性等方面都优于对照品种的相应指标。特别是在4℃条件下,SJR944—2,SJR942—7和SJR941—5有较长的货架期品质。 相似文献
6.
肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)是木质素生物合成过程中的一个关键酶。本研究分别提取了"砀山酥梨"及"幸水"梨果肉总RNA,并通过RT-PCR、克隆和测序,成功获得了2个CAD的大小为689bp的cDNA片段,并分别命名为PB-CAD(登录号:FJ478151)和PP-CAD(登录号:FJ478152)。在核苷酸水平上,这两个基因片段只有4个碱基的差异,编码相似性达99.6%的两个氨基酸序列,该序列由229个残基组成。通过蛋白质序列比较,发现梨果实CAD与许多植物中CAD氨基酸序列极为相似,与苹果Malus domestica(AAC06319)、梅Prunus mume(BAE48658)、枇杷Eriobotryajaponica(ABV44810)和葡萄Vitis vinifera(CAO21890)的相似性分别达到97.8%、95%、92.6%和83.4%。 相似文献
7.
Somayeh Bagheri Fatameh Razzaghi Sharokh Zand-Parsa 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(9):1173-1191
Better irrigation and nitrogen (N) scheduling and more efficient management of crop production require modeling of plant growth and crop yield. Models become more applicable if they are simple and require less and accessible inputs. The objective of this study was to use simple equations of soil water budget, evapotranspiration (ET), leaf area index (LAI), yield, and harvest index (HI)–transpiration function to develop a model for the prediction of growth and yield of maize under various water and N rates. The model was calibrated based on given data under sprinkler irrigation and verified based on independent data under furrow irrigation. The comparison between predicted and measured values of different crop parameters did not show any significant difference and the model was able to estimate LAI, ET, soil water content, HI, dry matter, and grain yield properly. Furthermore, an equation was presented to predict daily dry matter accumulation by a logistic curve for different water and N applications. It was concluded that the presented simple model was able to predict crop yield quite well and hence could be used for farm irrigation and N scheduling and management of both. Furthermore, the relationship between LAI and ET may be different in various environmental conditions that should be considered in using the model. 相似文献
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试验测定了树莓不同品系果实产量,并对与货架期相关的果实品质及主要性状进行了相关性分析。结果表明,SJR941-18,SJR941-1和SJR944-2是果实较大的品种。Boyne,Festival,Killarney和SJR941-5茎的耐寒性显著优于其他品种,使这些品种有较高的产量。树莓果实产量与茎的活力和健康花芽数呈显著正相关,与死亡茎长度呈显著负相关。茎的活力与健康花芽数、健康茎长度呈显著正相关。果实硬度和可溶物含量、果实表面绒毛多少与解冻后果汁百分比亦有显著相关性。 相似文献
10.
Which polyphenolic compounds contribute to the total antioxidant activities of apple? 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Tsao R Yang R Xie S Sockovie E Khanizadeh S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4989-4995
The antioxidant activities of eight apple cultivars were studied by using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the beta-carotene-linoleic acid model system (beta-CLAMS), and the photochemiluminescent (PCL) assays. The antioxidant activity of apples is highly correlated to the total phenolic content (TPC) measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total polyphenolic index (TPI) obtained by HPLC. Extracts of the peel and flesh were analyzed and assayed separately. The FRAP activities of both peel and flesh extracts correlate well with the TPC (r = 0.95 and 0.99, respectively) and the TPI (r = 0.82 and 0.99, respectively). Similar results were found in the beta-CLAMS activities, showing correlation coefficients of r = 0.90 and 0.91 with the TPC for the peel and flesh extracts and of r = 0.90 and 0.84 with the TPI for the peel and flesh extracts, respectively. The antioxidant activity measured by the PCL assay was not correlated with TPC or TPI due to the lack of integratable lag phase in this method with the flavan-3-ols/procyanidins. Among the five major polyphenolic groups, flavan-3-ols/procyanidins had the highest positive correlation with the FRAP and beta-CLAMS activities: r = 0.84 and 0.88 for the peel extracts, respectively; and r = 0.98 and 0.87 for the flesh extracts, respectively. At individual compound level, epicatechin and procyanidin B2 were the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of apple. Hydroxycinnamic acids may have a significant role in the flesh. 相似文献