Soil organic carbon allocation and dynamics under perennial energy crops and their feedbacks with soil microbial biomass and activity     

Thorsten Ruf  Christoph Emmerling 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):646-657

The cultivation of perennial instead of annual energy crops has received growing interest. Previous studies identified numerous beneficial effects of perennial energy crop (PEC) cultivation for the agricultural landscape such as promotion of agrobiodiversity, reduced requirements for agrochemicals and fertilizers as well as a large potential for carbon accumulation in soil. However, the mere presence of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation gives no indication about the persistence of the SOM for example after a recultivation of the stands. Therefore, this study focused on SOM pools of different density fractions and soil microbial parameters. Six different PECs were tested against a typical benchmark system as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The study has shown that all PEC species increased soil microbial activity and provided an insight how they sequester carbon in soil. Moreover, significant modifications in basic soil properties caused by plant growth were observed. For example, the cultivation of giant knotweed has lowered the soil pH by more than 0.5 pH units compared to the benchmark system. After 5 years of PEC cultivation, total soil organic carbon stocks were increased between 1,500 ± 400 and 4,500 ± 1,500 kg C ha^-1 for the upper 10 centimetres of soil. The distribution among different soil fractions showed species-specific patterns. Tall wheatgrass and Virginia mallow showed particular high accumulation rates in the mineral-associated SOM fraction which indicates long residence times of the SOM after a possible recultivation of the fields.  相似文献   

Synthetic resampling strategies and machine learning for digital soil mapping in Iran     

Ruhollah Taghizadeh‐Mehrjardi  Karsten Schmidt  Kamran Eftekhari  Thorsten Behrens  Mohammad Jamshidi  Naser Davatgar  Norair Toomanian  Thomas Scholten 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(3):352-368

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Applicability of ground‐penetrating radar as a tool for nondestructive soil‐depth mapping on Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits     

Rolf Gerber  Peter Felix‐Henningsen  Thorsten Behrens  Thomas Scholten 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(2):173-184

Soil depth plays a decisive role in determining soil properties in mountainous regions for ecological site assessment. To evaluate the use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) for fast and high‐resolution mapping within mountainous regions, we examined the possibilities and limitations of GPR to determine soil depth over bedrock and to delineate individual substrate layers formed during the Pleistocene in a periglacial environment (Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits, PPSD). Selected catenae in representative subregions of the study area (Dill catchment, SE Rhenish Massif, Germany) have been successfully mapped using GPR. A practicable method was developed using a 400 MHz antenna to reach a mean penetration depth of 1.5 m and to map different substrates and layers of PPSD based on calibrations of the GPR at soil pits along 12 catenae. Colluvium, the three types of PPSD layers, as well as the in situ bedrock could be distinguished in most sections of the GPR surveys. Characteristic GPR facies caused by intrinsic material properties of the different substrates, such as stone content and soil moisture content, could be distinguished in different geomorphologic and lithological settings. A layer‐based velocity distribution was determined for characteristic substrate layers at soil pits enabling us to considerably enhance the accuracy of soil‐depth prediction. Compared to traditionally surveyed soil profiles, our results demonstrate an accuracy of layer thickness surveying within a standard deviation of approx. 0.1 m. It is demonstrated that the combination of GPR with conventional soil‐pit mapping is an efficient and valid method to produce high‐resolution data of substrate distribution.  相似文献   

Professor Dr. Johannes Weck     

E. Assmann 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1965,84(5-6):193-194

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Geben unsere Buchen-Ertragstafeln den Gang des Volumenzuwachses richtig wieder?     

E. Assmann 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1963,82(3-4):65-75

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

III. Buchbesprechungen     

E. Rohmeder  Huber  Assmann  H. W. Gebhardt  W. Kroth  A. Bernhart  J. Jung  V. Aufsess  Ernst 《European Journal of Forest Research》1961,80(3-4):122-128

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Age effects on Norway spruce (Picea abies) susceptibility to ozone uptake: a novel approach relating stress avoidance to defense     

Wieser G  Tegischer K  Tausz M  Häberle KH  Grams TE  Matyssek R 《Tree physiology》2002,22(8):583-590

Cumulative ozone (O3) uptake and O3 flux were related to physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees of different ages. Under ambient CO2 conditions, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) declined in mature trees when cumulative O3 uptake into needles, which provides a measure of effective O3 dose, exceeded 21 mmol m-2 of total needle surface area. A comparable decline in Amax of seedlings occurred when cumulative O(3) uptake was only 4.5 mmol m-2. The threshold O3 flux causing a significant decline in Amax ranged between 2.14 and 2.45 nmol m-2 s-1 in mature trees and seedlings subjected to exposure periods of > or = 70 and > or = 23 days, respectively. The greater O3 sensitivity of young trees compared with mature trees was associated with needle morphology. Biomass of a 100-needle sample increased significantly with tree age, whereas a negative correlation was found for specific leaf area, these changes parallel those observed during differentiation from shade-type to sun-type needles with tree ontogeny. Age-dependent changes in leaf morphology were related to changes in detoxification capacity, with area-based concentrations of ascorbate increasing during tree ontogeny. These findings indicate that the extent of O3-induced injury is related to the ratio of potentially available antioxidants to O3 influx. Because this ratio, when calculated for ascorbate, increased with tree age, we conclude that the ratio may serve as an empirical basis for characterizing age-related differences in tree responses to O3.  相似文献   

III. Buchbesprechungen     

Dieterich  Assmann  Huber  Rohmeder und Attenberger 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1953,72(5-6):184-192

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Intensive cattle browsing did not prevent fallow recuperation on smallholder grass-capoeira pastures in the NE-Amazon     

Stefan Hohnwald  Barbara Rischkowsky  John M. King  Ari P. Camarão  José A. Rodrigues Filho  Thorsten Zeppenfeld 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(5):813-828

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Contrasting the ability of data to make inferences regarding dispersal: case study of the Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis)     

Douglas J. Bruggeman  Thorsten Wiegand  Jeffrey R. Walters  Fernando González Taboada 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(4):639-653

Dispersal is a critical biological process that contributes to the persistence of species in complex and dynamic landscapes. However, little is known about the ability of different types of data to reveal how species interact with landscape patterns during dispersal. Further, application of process-based, landscape-scale models able to capture the influence of land use and climate change are limited by this lack of dispersal knowledge. Here we highlight a method for building such models when dispersal parameters are unknown, but information on the mating system and survival are available. We applied a common statistical framework, rooted in information theory, to contrast the ability of abundance, movement, and genetic data to estimate dispersal parameters for endangered Red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW), using an individual-based, spatially-explicit population model. Dispersal was modeled as a multifaceted process in which foray distance, long-distance dispersal, competition for mates, and landscape permeability were treated as uncertain. We found that movement data are three-times more powerful than abundance data collected at the same spatial and temporal scales. However, habitat occupancy data collected over much a shorter time scale but at regional spatial scales were very effective for estimating dispersal. We also found that one-year of abundance data provided a similar reduction in uncertainty as genetic differences among breeding groups estimated using a 24-year pedigree. Substituting population genetic data for movement and abundance data often led to the same parameter values, but not always. Our study highlights important differences in the information content of data commonly collected in the field.  相似文献