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Nadia Korolev Mukhiddin Mamiev Tirza Zahavi Yigal Elad 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(4):591-608
Plots in two vineyards in the Golan Heights, Israel were treated with six botryticides during three growing seasons with 3
applications per season. Applications of fenhexamid, pyrimethanil and cyprodinil + fludioxonil were effective, resulting in
52–65% and 53–63% mean reduction in grey mould incidence and severity, respectively. Carbendazim, fluazinam and iprodione
were ineffective or slightly effective. Five hundred and sixteen B. cinerea isolates were collected from infected berries or trapped from the air in the vineyards, and profiles of sensitivity to benomyl,
fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, iprodione and pyrimethanil were established for each of the isolates based on a mycelial
growth test. Seventy-four percent of the isolates were sensitive to the six tested fungicides, and the other 26% of the isolates
were classified into 10 phenotypes characterized by resistance to one or more fungicides. Resistant isolates showed fitness
parameters similar or reduced in comparison to sensitive isolates. Resistance to benzimidazoles and to dicarboximides was
the most frequent (up to 25%) and apparently pre-existed in the populations tested. Increased frequency of benzimidazole resistance,
but not dicarboximide resistance, was observed following the 3 years of applications of the fungicides. High level resistance
to pyrimethanil was present at a frequency of about 2% in both vineyards in the first 2 years of the sampling survey and reached
10% in the third year at Site 2. A few isolates were resistant to fenhexamid or fludioxonil (0.8 or 0.2%, respectively). No
strong resistance to fluazinam was detected, although numerous, less sensitive isolates, presumably possessing multi-drug
resistance traits, were recovered at higher frequency from the plots treated with fluazinam than from the untreated plots. 相似文献
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Yosef STEINBERGER Dorsaf KERFAHI Tirza DONIGER Chen SHERMAN Itaii APPLEBAUM Gil ESHEL 《土壤圈》2023,(6):916-926
Soil biota play a crucial role in soil ecosystem stability, promoting organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Compared to conventional farming,organic farming is known to improve soil properties such as aggregation. Despite the importance of soil microbial communities in soil biogeochemical processes, our knowledge of their dynamics is rudimentary, especially under different agricultural management practices. Here we studied the effects of vineyard management practices(conventional an... 相似文献
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Eugene MARAIS Gillian MAGGS-KÖLLING Chen SHERMAN Tirza DONIGER LIURentao Binu M TRIPATHI Yosef STEINBERGER 《干旱区科学》2020,12(1):130-143
Functional structure and diversity of soil free-living nematodes in a desert environment depend on plant gender and sampling site.The objective of this study was to compare the composition,abundance and tropic group of soil free-living nematodes in the upper 0–10 cm soil layer under the male and female Acanthosicyos horridus Welw.ex Hook.f.plants and in the inter-shrub open areas(control)in the Namib Desert,Namibia in April 2015.Soil moisture,organic matter(OM)and pH was also analyzed.Free-living nematodes were extracted from 100 g soil using the Baermann funnel procedure,and total number of nematodes was counted under a microscope.Community composition and diversity of soil free-living nematodes were analyzed using 18S rDNA sequences.Results indicated that a total of 67 groups,including 64 species,2 genera and 1 family were identified.Feeding behavior of 58 species were identified as follows:15 bacteria-feeding species,12 fungi-feeding species,10 plant-parasite species,5 omnivorous-predator species,8 animal-parasite species,5 invertebrate-parasite species and 3 non-free-living nematodes,known as marine species.Moreover,soil free-living nematodes were found to be affected by sampling locations and plant gender,and community composition and density of these nematodes were strongly influenced by soil OM content.Result confirmed that spatial location and plant cover were main factors influencing the diversity of soil free-living nematodes.Moreover,molecular tools were found to be very useful in defining the richness of soil non-free-living nematodes.In conclusion,the results elucidated the importance of biotic variables in determining the composition and abundance of soil free-living nematodes in the Namib Desert,Namibia. 相似文献
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