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Tani K Morimoto M Hayashi T Inokuma H Ohnishi T Hayashiya S Nomura T Une S Nakaichi M Taura Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):513-518
Using RT-PCR and semi-quantitative PCR, mRNA expression for canine interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined in dogs with or without demodicosis. mRNA expression for IFN-gamma as well as TNF-alpha in dogs with demodicosis (localized (LD) and generalized (GD)) was slightly lower than those in dogs without demodicosis (healthy controls). Expression of IL-5 mRNA in dogs with demodicosis was higher than that in control dogs, but there were no significant differences in IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels among the three groups. On the other hand, expression levels of TGF-beta mRNA in dogs with GD were higher than those in control dogs and dogs with LD. The expression levels of IL-5 and TGF-beta mRNA decreased in all three dogs with GD which showed resolution of the clinical signs. Taken together, these results suggest that the Th2-like response in PBMCs from dogs with demodicosis is up-regulated, and that subsequent increased expression of IL-5 and TGF-beta mRNA in dogs with GD is reversible after treatment. Therefore, these cytokines, particularly IL-5, might be a useful clinical index of the clinical course in demodicosis. Also, increased TGF-beta mRNA expression might be a key factor for revealing the difference in the mechanism of onset between LD and GD. 相似文献
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Hirofumi Tanaka Toshiharu Takanashi Masaya Kadota Michihiko Yatazawa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1972,1(4):343-346
Photosynthesis is reversibly inhibited by exposing plants to SO2. The formation of α-hydroxy sulfonate in the exposed plants is suggested as one of the effects, because this compound inhibits glycolic oxidase which is necessary in the glycolic acid pathway. The suppression of the glycolic acid path should affect various aspects of metabolism in plants, particularly the reduction of the biosynthesis of glycine and serine. In this paper, the biosynthesis of these amino acids in plants exposed to SO2 was investigated to estimate the significance of the formation of α-hydroxy sulfonate in the plants. The results show that photosynthetic formation of serine was reduced in the exposed plants, and that α-hydroxy sulfonate was formed. 相似文献
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Furuike S Hossain MD Maki Y Adachi K Suzuki T Kohori A Itoh H Yoshida M Kinosita K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5865):955-958
F1-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is an ATP-driven rotary molecular motor in which the central gamma subunit rotates inside a cylinder made of three alpha and three beta subunits alternately arranged. The rotor shaft, an antiparallel alpha-helical coiled coil of the amino and carboxyl termini of the gamma subunit, deeply penetrates the central cavity of the stator cylinder. We truncated the shaft step by step until the remaining rotor head would be outside the cavity and simply sat on the concave entrance of the stator orifice. All truncation mutants rotated in the correct direction, implying torque generation, although the average rotary speeds were low and short mutants exhibited moments of irregular motion. Neither a fixed pivot nor a rigid axle was needed for rotation of F1-ATPase. 相似文献
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The involvement of metabolic enzymes in the resistance of a laboratory colony of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), to the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid was determined with the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which suppresses the activity of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), an inhibitor of esterases, using the leaf-dipping method. Both PBO and DEF enhanced the insecticidal activity of acetamiprid significantly in the resistant P. xylostella strain but not in a reference strain, suggesting that cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases and esterases play an important role in the resistance of P. xylostella to acetamiprid. The resistant P. xylostella strain was also reared without further exposure to acetamiprid to determine the stability of resistance. Maintaining the resistant strain for seven generations in the absence of selection pressure resulted in a drop in resistance ratio from 110 to 2.42, indicating that acetamiprid resistance in P. xylostella is not stable. 相似文献
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Yasuda M Takanashi M Nasu T Murakami T 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2006,29(5-6):279-293
The development and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in calf palatine and pharyngeal tonsil were examined. During prenatal development, B cells were distributed in the subepithelial area, and T cells and MHC class II+ cells were found in the deep layer of B-cell area, respectively, in both tonsils. At neonatal stage, lymphoid follicle containing a few CD4+ cells have been formed in both tonsils. IgG+ and IgA+ cells were found in the parafollicular and epithelial area. At 3 months old, many germinal centers were recognized in both tonsils. CD4+ cells and IgG mRNA expression were detected in light zone of germinal centers. Many IgG, and IgA mRNA expressions also could be detected in the parafollicular and subepithelial area of both tonsils. The data suggest that both tonsils have an important role of local immune defense against invading antigen after birth. The comparison of the histological characteristics of tonsil and Peyer's patch during ontogeny is also discussed. 相似文献
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Okawa T Kurio Y Morimoto M Hayashi T Nakagawa T Sasaki N Okuda M Mizuno T 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):80-91
This is the first report describing the expression of canine calreticulin (cCRT) in canine mammary gland tumour (MGT). Using cDNA subtraction method, it is found that mRNAs of CRT, cathepsin A, ovostatin, and lactotransferrin were differentially expressed in mammary adenocarcinoma as compared to hyperplasia, both of which were obtained from the dog. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of CRT and cathepsin A were significantly higher in canine MGT samples than in nontumour samples. In contrast, immunohistochemical studies have indicated that the expression of cCRT protein found to be detected in most of mammary gland tissues and was not correlated to the types of canine MGTs. Furthermore, cCRT was molecularly cloned, and the amino acid sequence of cCRT was found to be very similar to those of other species. Further studies are required to elucidate additional roles of cCRT in canine MGT. 相似文献
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Chiba E Villena J Hosoya S Takanashi N Shimazu T Aso H Tohno M Suda Y Kawai Y Saito T Miyazawa K He F Kitazawa H 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):688-694
We evaluated whether a bovine intestinal epithelial (BIE) cell line could serve as a useful in vitro model system for studying antiviral immune responses in bovine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and for the primary screening of immunobiotic microorganisms with antiviral protective capabilities. Immunofluorescent analyses revealed that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was expressed in BIE cells, and the results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that these cells respond to stimulation with poly(I:C) by up-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. In addition, we demonstrated that BIE cells are useful for the primary screening of immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria strains which are able to beneficially modulate antiviral immune responses triggered by TLR3 activation in bovine IECs. The characterization of BIE cells performed in the present study represents an important step towards the establishment of a valuable bovine in vitro system that could be used for the development of immunomodulatory feed for bovine hosts. 相似文献
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Yasuko Mizoguchi Yoshikazu Ohtani Satoru Takanashi Hiroki Iwata Yukio Yasuda Yuichiro Nakai 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(3):283-295
Carbon dioxide (CO2) flux was measured above the forest at the Fujiyoshida site on the northern slope of Mount Fuji in Japan in 2000?C2008 using an eddy covariance technique. The forest mainly consists of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and Japanese holly (Ilex pedunculosa). The 9-year average of monthly mean net ecosystem production (NEP) ranged from ?0.1?g?C?m?2?day?1 in January to 2.5?g?C?m?2?day?1 in May. The maximum net uptake was observed in May, although gross primary production (GPP) was highest in July. Variation in the leaf amount did not notably affect seasonal variation in GPP. This site was characterized by carbon uptake even in winter, if the meteorological conditions were conducive for photosynthesis and a resulting long period of carbon uptake. The 9-year averages of annual NEP, GPP, and ecosystem respiration (RE) were 388, 1,802, and 1,413?g?C?m?2?year?1, respectively. The annual NEP was lowest in 2003 and highest in 2004 over the 9?years. Year-to-year variability of NEP mainly depended on air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation in summer, and the dependence of the deviation of annual NEP on that of GPP was greater than that of RE. Long-term observational data indicated that the carbon uptake ability at the study site was at a moderate level in comparison with other temperate humid evergreen forests around the world. These data also indicated that the site had a high carbon uptake ability compared with other deciduous forests in Japan because of the duration of carbon uptake. 相似文献