Dynamic adsorption of α-pinene and linalool on silica nanoparticles for enhanced antifeedant activity against agricultural pests     

Pathipati Usha Rani  Joish Madhusudhanamurthy  Bojja Sreedhar 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):191-200

The terpene compounds, α-pinene and linalool were formulated with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) by a simple immersion method and the antifeedant activity of these formulations was evaluated against two major agricultural pests, the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura F.) and the castor semilooper (Achaea janata L.) in laboratory bioassays. The interaction between terpenes and SNPs, shelf-life, suspension stability as well as the bioactivity of the nanoformulations were also studied. Both these terpenes in their pure form are known to deter feeding in several lepidopterous insects. However, formulating these pure terpene compounds with nano silica enhanced their biological activity up to 25 times to S. litura. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of these nano botanical formulations indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding between terpenes and the surface of SNPs. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the higher aggregation property of the SNPs. Suspension studies validated the improved shelf-life of the nano-biocomposites, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the amorphous nature of formulations and no crystalline impurities. Adsorption of α-pinene and linalool onto SNPs resulted in an effective formulation that enhanced the antifeedant potential of the individual terpenes against insects while producing longer shelf-life for the terpenes.  相似文献   

Differential HSP90α expression in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary during summer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ekambaram Padmini  Munuswamy Usha Rani  Bose Vijaya Geetha 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1118-1126

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), plays an important role in protein folding, degradation of denatured proteins and steroid activation. It is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and survival when induced in response to environmental, physical and chemical stresses. In the present investigation the effect of environmental stress on HSP90α expression was examined in grey mullet Mugil cephalus living in either a contaminated (Ennore) or uncontaminated (Kovalam) estuary over two seasons: Hepatocytes were isolated from grey mullet of both estuaries. Oxidative stress was determined along with HSP90α in these fish. Additionally, immunohistochemical changes were studied to confirm the HSP90α expression. Comparison of the results revealed enhanced hepatocyte oxidative stress and HSP90α expressions in fish from Ennore to a significant extent than fish from Kovalam. Also, the results showed significant seasonal variations with maximum expression observed during summer compared to the monsoon season. Overexpression of HSP90α in hepatocytes exposed to chronic environmental stress by pollutants may confer differential effects on cell survival by protecting against oxidative stress induced changes. The results also indicate that seasonal variations have significant effect on the HSP90α expression.  相似文献   

Formulation of cheaper artificial feeds for shrimp culture: Preliminary biochemical,physical and biological evaluation     

Usha Goswami  S.C. Goswami 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1979,16(4):309-317

A compound shrimp diet was prepared making use of the locally available natural food stuffs, slaughter house products and factory by-products. The ingredients, viz: beef liver (discarded for human use on veterinary grounds), coconut oil cake, soya flour, mangrove leaves, and wheat flour, were analysed biochemically for their nutritive value. The formulated diet is in a dry pellet form. It was assessed experimentally for its physical stability and subsequently fed to various size groups of a palaeomonid prawn (Leptocarpus potamiscus) for biological evaluation. The results of the investigations suggest that beef liver meal and coconut oil cake are rich in protein and can be utilized in the formulation of aquatic diets. The diet is highly water stable, consumable and assimilable. It should be tested upon both palaeomonid and penaeid prawns in further experiments.  相似文献   

RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting in cultivated chickpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> L.) and its wild progenitor <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer reticulatum</Emphasis> Ladizinsky     

L. S. Rao  P. Usha Rani  P. S. Deshmukh  P. A. Kumar  S. K. Panguluri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1235-1244

Detection of genetic relationships between 19 chickpea cultivars and five accessions of its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky were investigated by using RAPD and ISSR markers. On an average, six bands per primer were observed in RAPD analysis and 11 bands per primer in ISSR analysis. In RAPD, the wild accessions shared 77.8% polymorphic bands with chickpea cultivars, whereas they shared 79.6% polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis. In RAPD analysis 51.7% and 50.5% polymorphic bands were observed among wild accessions and chickpea cultivars, respectively. Similarly, 65.63% and 56.25% polymorphic bands were found in ISSR analysis. The dendrogram developed by pooling the data of RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that the wild accessions and the ICCV lines showed similar pattern with the dendrogram of RAPD analysis. The ISSR analysis clearly indicated that even with six polymorphic primers, reliable estimation of genetic diversity could be obtained, while nearly 30 primers are required for RAPD. Moreover, RAPD can cause genotyping errors due to competition in the amplification of all RAPD fragments. The markers generated by ISSR and RAPD assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources. For the selection of good parental material in breeding programs the genetic data produced through ISSR can be used to correlate with the relationship measures based on pedigree data and morphological traits to minimize the individual inaccuracies in chickpea.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis-related (PR)-proteins: Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in defense mechanism against malformation in mango (Mangifera indica L.)     

Saboki Ebrahim  K. Usha  Bhupinder Singh 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Mango, the king of fruits in India is cultivated commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Undoubtedly, mango malformation is a serious disease affecting mango production in India and many other countries around the world. It is now shown that the malady is inflicted by Fusarium, a fungus, and also that the plants have the capacity to suppress or reduce pathogen attack by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites such as chitinase and/or the synthesis of lignin, both of which may enhance plant defense system. The present study was aimed at investigating the variability and relationship between activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and content of lignin in the leaves using 12 mango cultivars with the different degree of resistance to floral malformation. Results revealed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the leaves were significantly high in mango cultivars resistant to malformation (r = −0.90 and r = −0.91, respectively) during the flowering period, whereas lignin content did not show a significant correlation with malformation. The highest activity of chitinase (1.977–2.011 units) and β-1,3-glucanase (80.54–82.06 units) was recorded in resistant mango cultivars Bhadauran and Elaichi. In contrast, these activities were less than 1.010 and 25.21 respectively in highly susceptible mango cultivars such as Amrapali, Eldon and Neelum. Lignin content was highest in resistant cultivar Bhadauran, but it did not show significant relation to the malformation intensity of the cultivars. Thus, leaf chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase may be contributing towards resistance to malformation in mango and that the relative activities of these enzymes can be used as a criterion to predict and screen the mango germplasm and cultivars for resistance to floral malformation.  相似文献   

SOIL STERILIZATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE TO CONTROL SOIL NEMATODES   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

N. G. Hague  Usha  Sood 《Plant pathology》1963,12(2):88-90

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Diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats by cell mediated immune response,conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques     

Rawther SS  Saseendranath MR  Nair GP  Tresamol PV  Pillai UN  Abraham J  Senthilkumar TM  Nagalakshmy S  Nimisha KK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):911-914

In the present study efficacy of single intradermal Johnin test, acid fast staining of faecal smear and IS 900 faecal polymerase chain reaction tests was evaluated in 200 goats for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Two hundred goats comprising 150 goats from an organised farm in Trichur district and 50 goats reared under field condition at farmers premise from Malappuram district of Kerala state formed the study population. Faecal smear from all the 200 goats was stained by Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast stain and faecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for M. avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP); IS 900 was performed on all samples. All the animals were subjected to single intradermal Johnin test. Out of 200 goats screened for paratuberculosis, six goats (3%), 11 goats (5.5%) and 42 goats (21%) were found positive by Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast staining of faecal smear, single intradermal Johnin test and IS 900 PCR respectively. Results of the present study indicate that amplification of IS 900 insertion element was the most specific and sensitive diagnostic detection method. Single intradermal Johnin test and Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast staining did not show any significant difference.  相似文献   

How methane feedback response influence redox processes in a tropical vertisol     

Santosh Ranjan Mohanty  Sneh Tiwari  Garima Dubey  Usha Ahirwar  Bharati Kollah 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(4):479-490

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Efficacy of N2O2 donor schiff bases and their Zn2+ complexes on various morphological and biochemical parameters of Cicer arietinum L.     

Kaushik Acharjee  Jayanwita Sarkar  Prahlad Deb  Usha Chackraborty 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(4):487-496

Schiff-base polydentate ligands types of salen and salophen can form stable complexes with Zn²⁺ and these metal complexes can act as a source of zinc (Zn) to plant's body if they are used as micronutrient supplements. Inspired by these facts, four different Schiff-base ligands and their Zn²⁺ complexes were first synthesized and then characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. To investigate their effects local chickpea seeds were treated with each ligands and complexes and different morphological and biochemical parameters were monitored. Among all the complexes and ligands it was found that the C4 complex, that is, [N,N'-(o-phenylene)bis-(3-methoxysalicylidenediamine)] monohydrate showed the maximum efficacy when treated as a micronutrient supplement for Cicer arietinum L. So that these complexes especially the C4 can act as an potential source of Zn.  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of (2<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-octyl<Emphasis Type="Italic">cyclo</Emphasis>prop-1-enyl)-octanoic acid (I) against three Coleopteran stored product insects from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sterculia foetida</Emphasis> (L.)     

Pathipati Usha Rani  Pala Rajasekharreddy 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(3):273-279

The insecticidal activities of the extracts, fractions, and pure compound of Sterculia foetida (L.) seeds were investigated against three major stored product pests, namely, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (H.), through contact and fumigation bioassay. Responses varied with test chemicals, insect species, exposure times, and doses individually. The biologically active constituent of the S. foetida seeds was characterized as a cyclopropene fatty acid structurally elucidated as (2n-octylcycloprop-1-enyl)-octanoic acid (I) by spectroscopic analysis. The filter paper application of, (2n-octylcycloprop-1-enyl)-octanoic acid (I) at 0.2 mg/cm² caused 100% mortality to all test insects 2 days after treatment (2 DAT). Among the chromatographic fractions, only the pure hexane-eluted fraction caused 100% mortality at 0.3 mg/cm² to S. oryzae and C. chinensis 2 DAT, while the dose required to obtain the same percentage of mortality with the crude seed extract was 0.6 mg/cm². Under all treatment conditions, T. castaneum exhibited less susceptibility, taking longer than the other insects to show symptoms of toxicity. In terms of fumigant activity, the compounds appeared to be more effective in a vapor form against all the three insects in closed containers compared with open containers. These results suggest that the insecticidal activities of the test compounds were attributable to contact mode of action, although there was also significant fumigant toxicity. The results indicate that the bioactive compound isolated from S. foetida could act as a potent insecticide against S. oryzae, C. chinensis, and T. castaneum populations.  相似文献