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1.
Nitrous oxide emission from a transplanted rice field in alluvial soil as influenced by management of nitrogen fertiliser 
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下载免费PDF全文 We investigated nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from an irrigated rice field over two years to evaluate the management of nitrogenous fertiliser and its effect on reducing emissions. Four forms of nitrogenous fertilisers: NPK at the recommended application rate, starch–urea matrix (SUM) + PK, neem‐coated urea + PK and urea alone (urea without coating) were used. Gas samples were collected from the field at weekly intervals with the static chamber technique. N2O emissions from different treatments ranged from 11.58 to 215.81 N2O‐N μg/m2/h, and seasonal N2O emissions from 2.83 to 3.89 kg N2O‐N/ha. Compared with other fertilisers, N2O emissions were greatest after the application of the conventional NPK fertiliser. Moreover, SUM + PK reduced total N2O emissions by 22.33% (P < 0.05) compared with NPK during the rice‐growing period (P < 0.05). The results indicate a strong correlation between N2O emissions and soil organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass and photosynthesis (P < 0.05). The application of SUM + PK in rice fields is suitable as a means of reducing N2O emissions without affecting grain production. 相似文献
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Sundareshwar PV Murtugudde R Srinivasan G Singh S Ramesh KJ Ramesh R Verma SB Agarwal D Baldocchi D Baru CK Baruah KK Chowdhury GR Dadhwal VK Dutt CB Fuentes J Gupta PK Hargrove WW Howard M Jha CS Lal S Michener WK Mitra AP Morris JT Myneni RR Naja M Nemani R Purvaja R Raha S Vanan SK Sharma M Subramaniam A Sukumar R Twilley RR Zimmerman PR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5822):204-205
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Pal-Bhadra M Leibovitch BA Gandhi SG Rao M Bhadra U Birchler JA Elgin SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5658):669-672
Genes normally resident in euchromatic domains are silenced when packaged into heterochromatin, as exemplified in Drosophila melanogaster by position effect variegation (PEV). Loss-of-function mutations resulting in suppression of PEV have identified critical components of heterochromatin, including proteins HP1, HP2, and histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase. Here, we demonstrate that this silencing is dependent on the RNA interference machinery, using tandem mini-white arrays and white transgenes in heterochromatin to show loss of silencing as a result of mutations in piwi, aubergine, or spindle-E (homeless), which encode RNAi components. These mutations result in reduction of H3 Lys9 methylation and delocalization of HP1 and HP2, most dramatically in spindle-E mutants. 相似文献
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Anderson WA Amasino RM Ares M Banerjee U Bartel B Corces VG Drennan CL Elgin SC Epstein IR Fanning E Guillette LJ Handelsman J Hatfull GF Hoy RR Kelley D Leinwand LA Losick R Lu Y Lynn DG Neuhauser C O'Dowd DK Olivera T Pevzner P Richards-Kortum RR Rine J Sah RL Strobel SA Walker GC Walt DR Warner IM Wessler S Willard HF Zare RN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6057):760-761
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Bandyopadhyay S Lodh C Sarkar M Ghosh MK Bera AK Bhattacharyya D Mondal DK Baruah KK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1063-1072
Of 273 samples (rectal swab) collected from free-ranging yaks of Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, 42 Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli (STEC), six enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 27 enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains were isolated. All the STEC and EPEC strains were further investigated for respective stx variants (for STEC only) and additional putative virulence factors. The 27 ETEC strains were also screened for characteristic
enterotoxin gene(s) and colonization factors. Occurrence of ETEC was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the diarrheic yaks and yaks of less than 1 year of age. Majority of enterovirulent E. coli isolates were resistant to amikacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, colistin, doxycycline, furazolidone, nalidixic acid,
nitrofurantoin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Dendrogram, constructed with molecular fingerprinting profiles obtained from
RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus) PCR, placed the isolates
in different clusters irrespective of their serotypes, virulence gene and drug resistance pattern. Collectively, the study
indicates that yaks, being a potential reservoir of multidrug resistant STEC and EPEC, may represent significant risk to public
health in this region. Higher recovery of ETEC isolates from yaks with diarrhea points out that ETEC may be a major determinant
for repeated occurrence of diarrhea in yaks. 相似文献
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K. K. Baruah A. Dhali A. Mech B. Bora J. Das R. Bora M. Mondal B. C. Sarmah B. C. Deka C. Rajkhowa 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(6):1051-1058
The effect of concentration and addition method of glycerol on the quality of cryopreserved mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa was investigated. Semen samples were collected from five healthy mithun bulls through rectal massage method and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The samples were diluted in Tris–egg yolk–glycerol extender, equilibrated for 4 h at 4 °C and loaded into 0.50‐ml straws. The straws were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and finally plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. The required amount of glycerol was added into the diluted samples either in a single dose (3%, 4%, 5%, 6% or 7%; added at 37 °C immediately before equilibration) or in split doses (5%, 6% or 7%; the total amount was divided into four equal parts, and a part was added at 37 °C immediately before equilibration, and the remaining parts were added subsequently at 1, 2 and 3 h of equilibration at 4 °C). In the single‐dose addition method, following freeze‐thawing, greater (p < 0.05) motility (%) and proportion of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome (LSIA, %) in 5% glycerol (40.6 ± 1.7 and 43.4 ± 1.8 respectively) and lesser (p < 0.05) total morphological abnormalities (%) in 5% (14.1 ± 0.8) and 6% (13.7 ± 1.0) glycerol were observed compared to the other glycerol concentrations. In the split‐dose addition method, following freeze‐thawing, greater (p < 0.05) motility (%) and LSIA proportion (%) were found in 5% (50.2 ± 1.9 and 53.3 ± 1.8 respectively) compared to 6% or 7% glycerol, but the total morphological abnormalities were not different among the glycerol concentrations. In addition, in all the glycerol concentrations, better (p < 0.05) post‐freeze‐thaw motility and LSIA proportions were observed when glycerol was added in split doses compared to a single dose. In conclusion, Tris–egg yolk extender with 5% glycerol added in split doses was found most suitable for cryopreserving mithun sperm. 相似文献
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Effects of low‐density lipoproteins as additive on quality parameters and oxidative stress following cryopreservation of mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P Perumal SK Srivastava SK Ghosh KK Baruah S Bag JS Rajoria K Kumar C Rajkhowa M Pande N Srivastava 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):708-716
Artificial breeding of mithun poses several challenges including lack of standard protocol for cryopreservation of spermatozoa. This is further complicated by harmful effects of hen's egg yolk (EY) as additive in extender. Purified low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) extracted from EY have been shown as beneficial over EY extender for long‐term semen storage in several species. This investigation explored use of LDL versus EY on semen quality and oxidative stress following freezing–thawing of spermatozoa. A total of 25 of 50 ejaculates based on biophysical parameters were selected for the experiment. After diluting with the Tris‐citrate‐glycerol (TCG) extender, each sample was split into three equal aliquots: Group I, control, EY; Group II and Group III contained 8% and 10% purified LDL, respectively. Frozen–thawed samples were evaluated for motility parameters (progressive, and in the bovine cervical mucus penetration test [BCMPT]), viability, sperm and nuclear abnormality, acrosome integrity, and enzymatic (leakage of intracellular contents) and biochemical (oxidative stress) profiles and in vitro fertility (IVF) assay. Study revealed a significant (p < .05) improvement in viability, sperm and nuclear abnormality, acrosome integrity, motility (progressive and in cervical mucus), cholesterol content, and reduction in the leakage of intracellular enzymes in Group II. Moreover, intactness of acrosome and biochemical membranes was protected significantly (p < .05) in addition to significant (p < .05) improvement in binding per cent and binding index in IVF assay in extender containing 8% LDL. These results demonstrate that although cryopreservation of mithun's spermatozoa in EY was comparable with other species, addition of 8% LDL holds a clear advantage over EY or 10% LDL. 相似文献
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Utpal Bose Amitha K. Hewavitharana Yi Kai Ng Paul Nicholas Shaw John A. Fuerst Mark P. Hodson 《Marine drugs》2015,13(1):249-266
An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach was used to characterise the variation in secondary metabolite production due to changes in the salt content of the growth media as well as across different growth periods (incubation times). We used metabolomics as a tool to investigate the production of rifamycins (antibiotics) and other secondary metabolites in the obligate marine actinobacterial species Salinispora arenicola, isolated from Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sponges, at two defined salt concentrations and over three different incubation periods. The results indicated that a 14 day incubation period is optimal for the maximum production of rifamycin B, whereas rifamycin S and W achieve their maximum concentration at 29 days. A “chemical profile” link between the days of incubation and the salt concentration of the growth medium was shown to exist and reliably represents a critical point for selection of growth medium and harvest time. 相似文献