Hematology and serum biochemistry values of captive Attwater's prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri).     

Gary D West  Vicky L Haines 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2002,33(2):122-124

Hematology and serum biochemistry values are reported for 33 Attwater's prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) that were captive-reared at the San Antonio Zoo as part of a federal reintroduction program in Texas. Hematologic values include packed cell volume, and total and differential white blood cell counts. The biochemical values include concentrations of serum calcium, total protein, albumin, phosphorus, glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol. Mathematic computation of globulin concentration and albumin: globulin ratios were conducted. Also, determination of the serum activities of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase was done.  相似文献   

Metal Mine Tailings and Sludge CO-Deposition in a Tailings Pond     

Peacey  Vicky  Yanful  Ernest K. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,145(1-4):307-339

In the Lower Cell of the Heath Steele mine tailings arealocated 50 km north of the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick,Canada, tailings and lime treatment sludge were co-depositedand the effluent occasionally exceeded regulatory dischargelimits for total suspended solids (TSS), especially on verywindy days. A combined field and laboratory investigationwas undertaken during 1998-1999 to identify the cause of thehigh TSS. The methodology included field measurement of windvelocity and sampling of bed tailings, sludge,suspended sediment, and the water cover. The samples werethen subjected to various laboratory examinations using x-raydiffraction, scanning electron microscopy interfacedwith energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy, critical shearstress measurements, and water chemistry analysis. Thesuspended sediment was found to be composed primarily ofcalcite and metal hydroxides derived from the bed sludge inthe cell. Only a very small amount of tailings (less than5%) was detected in the suspended sediment. The sludge,which covered the tailings in the shallow western section ofthe Lower Cell at depths less than 1 m, was a loose, low-densitymaterial with a low critical shear stress (approximately 0.058 Pa). In shallow water cover (less than 1 m), calculated bed shearstress mobilized by wind-induced waves and return currents exceeded the critical shear on a number of occasions, resultingin resuspension of the sludge and hence high TSS. Although occasional elevated zinc concentrations appeared to follow a similar pattern to high TSS, there was no evidence that thesuspended sludge sediments would release metals into the watercover, due to the high pH of the Lower Cell water cover. Since the tailings did not resuspend significantly, it was clear thatat water cover depth less than 1 m, sludge was eroded instead oftailings, and thus provided a barrier against tailings resuspension. As part of the final closure scheme for the HeathSteele tailings area, sludge and tailings were dredged and relocated from areas where the water cover was < 1 m to deeperwater cover areas to ensure that the effluent met required totalsuspended solids discharge criteria.  相似文献   

社区自然资源管理的五个基本要素     

欧国武  陈德寿  孙秋  袁涓文  周丕东  韦小平  Vicky 《林业与社会》2005,13(2):6-11

本文介绍了社区自然资源管理的5个基本要素:①当地人是自然资源管理的主体,充分赋权于当地人,包括项目决策权、实施参与权、知情监督权、管理维护权、监测评估权;②尊重乡土知识、乡土人才,重视能力建设;③关注农村妇女和弱势群体的参与和能力建设,倡导性别平等及公平的发展观;④在当地村规民约基础上建立社区管理制度和管理组织,促进当地村民的自我管理、自我发展;⑤有偿使用、有偿管理、有偿服务,增强当地村民对项目的拥有感,实现项目的可持续性.  相似文献   

Effects of suspended solids in the survival and haematological parameters of pacu juveniles (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in a biofloc technology culture system     

Lucas Pellegrin  Lilian Fiori Nitz  Daniel de S Britto Pinto  Carlos Eduardo Copatti  Wilson Wasielesky  Luciano Garcia 《Aquaculture Research》2022,53(1):276-284

This study determined the effects of total suspended solids (TSS) on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) culture in a biofloc technology (BFT) system by performing two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated the LC50-96 h of pacu at seven TSS levels (0, 1500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 mg L^?1). Experiment 2 evaluated haematological variables (glucose, pH, haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes and haematimetric indices) in juveniles exposed to five different sublethal TSS concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L^?1) for 5 days. Treatments below 5000 mg L^?1 did not cause mortality, and the LC50-96 h of TSS was estimated at 5477 mg L^?1. The TSS concentrations that caused mortality in pacu juveniles were extremely high and rarely maintained in culture systems. Exposure to high TSS concentrations (mainly 750 and 1000 mg L^?1) increased blood glucose, pH, heamatocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin values and haematimetric indices on the first day. On the fifth day, most of the evaluated parameters stabilized at different TSS concentrations. In conclusion, pacu exposed to high TSS concentrations for short periods may undergo physiological changes, and TSS concentrations below 250 mg L^?1 are recommended for its culture in a BFT system.  相似文献   

The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses     

Russell CA  Jones TC  Barr IG  Cox NJ  Garten RJ  Gregory V  Gust ID  Hampson AW  Hay AJ  Hurt AC  de Jong JC  Kelso A  Klimov AI  Kageyama T  Komadina N  Lapedes AS  Lin YP  Mosterin A  Obuchi M  Odagiri T  Osterhaus AD  Rimmelzwaan GF  Shaw MW  Skepner E  Stohr K  Tashiro M  Fouchier RA  Smith DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5874):340-346

Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection.  相似文献   

Respiratory function and pulmonary lesions in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Judith Wagner  Annette Kneucker  Elisabeth Liebler-Tenorio  Vicky Fachinger  Melanie Glaser  Stefan Pesch  Michael P. Murtaugh  Petra Reinhold   《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(3):310-319

Pulmonary dysfunction was evaluated in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, isolate VR-2332) and compared to clinical and pathological findings. Infected pigs developed fever, reduced appetite, respiratory distress and dullness at 9 days post-inoculation (dpi). Non-invasive pulmonary function tests using impulse oscillometry and rebreathing of test gases (He, CO) revealed peripheral airway obstruction, reduced lung compliance and reduced lung CO-transfer factor. PRRSV-induced pulmonary dysfunction was most marked at 9–18 dpi and was accompanied by a significantly increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume. Expiration was affected more than inspiration. On histopathological examination, multifocal areas of interstitial pneumonia (more severe and extensive at 10 dpi than 21 dpi) were identified as a possible structural basis for reduced lung compliance and gas exchange disturbances.  相似文献   

Hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress damage and antioxidant enzyme response in Caco-2 human colon cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wijeratne SS  Cuppett SL  Schlegel V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(22):8768-8774

Studies were conducted to evaluate the cell damage caused by exposing human colon carcinoma cells, Caco-2, to hydrogen peroxide at concentrations varying from 0 to 250 microM for 30 min. Evaluation of cell viability, as measured by trypan blue dye exclusion test, showed that the loss of viability was < 5% at concentrations up to 250 microM hydrogen peroxide. Cell membrane damage and DNA damage as measured by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and the comet assay, respectively, were significantly high at concentrations >100 microM hydrogen peroxide compared to those of the control. Antioxidant mechanisms in Caco-2 cells were evaluated by measuring catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Catalase activities remained constant in cells treated with 50-250 microM hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity increased in cells treated with H(2)O(2) concentrations of >50 microM. This study showed that with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration, cell membrane leakage and DNA damage increased, whereas the three antioxidant enzymes responded differently, as shown by mathematical models.  相似文献   

Trypanocidal Activity of Marine Natural Products     

Amy J. Jones  Tanja Grkovic  Melissa L. Sykes  Vicky M. Avery 《Marine drugs》2013,11(10):4058-4082

Marine natural products are a diverse, unique collection of compounds with immense therapeutic potential. This has resulted in these molecules being evaluated for a number of different disease indications including the neglected protozoan diseases, human African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease, for which very few drugs are currently available. This article will review the marine natural products for which activity against the kinetoplastid parasites; Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T.b. rhodesiense and T. cruzi has been reported. As it is important to know the selectivity of a compound when evaluating its trypanocidal activity, this article will only cover molecules which have simultaneously been tested for cytotoxicity against a mammalian cell line. Compounds have been grouped according to their chemical structure and representative examples from each class were selected for detailed discussion.  相似文献   

Effects of exercise on the morphology of the myenteric neurons of the duodenum of Wistar rats during the ageing process     

De Britto Mari R  Clebis NK  Gagliardo KM  Guimarães JP  Stabille SR  De Mello Germano R  De Souza RR 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2008,37(4):289-295

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of regular physical activity on the morphology of the myenteric plexus of the duodenum in rats during the ageing process. To this end, 45 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: C (sedentary – 6 months old), S (sedentary – 12 months old) and T (trained – 12 months old). The animals of group S were given with a physical activity programme consisting of a 10-min-treadmill workout once a week. The animals of group T were submitted to the physical activity programme five times a week. Their duodenums were collected and submitted to the techniques of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-diaphorase enzyme histochemistry for whole-mount preparations and transmission electron microscopy. No differences in the constitution of the myenteric plexuses were found when the sedentary and trained groups were compared with the control group. The ultrastructural features were similar for the three groups. However, it was verified that the physical activity of the trained animals resulted in a similar myenteric neuron morphology to that of the adult animals (6 months old), thereby confirming its beneficial effect, as the sedentary animals had larger alterations in the collagen fibrils and the basal membrane that occur through ageing. The quantitative analysis showed that the NADH-diaphorase positive neurons decreased with ageing and increased with physical activity ( P  > 0.05). No significant alteration ( P  > 0.05) in the neuronal profile area of the NADH-diaphorase positive neurons has been observed with ageing.  相似文献   

The Ancient Rat     

Vicky L. Haines 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2010,13(1):95-105

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