Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

J. Cao  Y. Gong  E. T. Yeh  N. M. Holden  J. F. Adamowski  R. C. Deo  M. Liu  J. Zhou  J. Zhang  W. Zhang  S. Zhang  D. Sheng  S. Yang  X. Xu  M. Li  Q. Feng 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(4):663-671

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.  相似文献   

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with disseminated metastases of renal cell carcinoma in the dog: a case report     

Chiang YC  Liu CH  Ho SY  Lin CT  Yeh LS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):209-212

A 6-year-old, mixed breed, intact male dog showed signs of left carpal joint swelling and weakness of the forelimbs one month before presentation. The symptoms gradually progressed to bilateral carpal and tarsal joint swelling and tetraparalysis. There were a number of radiographically identified lytic-proliferative bone lesions noted on the axial skeleton. Hypertrophic osteopathy of the metacarpi and all distal long bones was also evident. Because of the deteriorating quality of life and guarded prognosis, the patient was euthanized and a complete necropsy was performed. Renal cell carcinoma, with metastasis to the lung, thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and the right adrenal gland, was diagnosed. To our knowledge, renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases and hypertrophic osteopathy has not been reported in dogs.  相似文献   

Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases     

Lin CT  Hu CK  Liu CH  Yeh LS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(8):847-850

Surgical outcome and complications following evisceration and implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) in 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma were analyzed, including clinical signs, complications, cosmetic appearance, and owners' responses. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 312 days. Major short-term surgical complications were central corneal ulceration (6/20) and infections (3/20), while long-term complication was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (2/20). All patient owners (100%) showed satisfied with the surgical outcome and postoperative cosmetic effect including 85% of the owners gave an excellent or good rating of satisfaction. No more medication needed for long term control except the KCS cases. With careful case selection and post-operative care, evisceration with ISP implantation proves a good and safe surgical procedure with minimal complications for end stage glaucoma.  相似文献   

Clinical comparison of recovery from total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane in dogs     

Tsai YC  Wang LY  Yeh LS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1179-1182

The characteristics of recovery from total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane was clinically compared in 149 client-owned dogs that anesthetized for surgical or diagnostic procedures. In all dogs, anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of propofol following premedication with acepromazine or diazepam. As a result, 58 dogs anesthetized with propofol-TIVA showed slower but smoother recovery than 91 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane anesthesia. The dogs stood at 34.5 +/- 19.3 and 27.7 +/- 17.2 min after propofol-TIVA and isoflurane anesthesia, respectively. Adverse effects, including hypersalivation, neurologic excitement (paddling, muscle tremor/twitching, opisthotonos) and vomiting/retching, were observed in similar infrequent incidences during the recovery from both anesthetic protocols. Propofol-TIVA is suggested to be an alternative anesthetic protocol for canine practice.  相似文献   

Standardizing catch and effort data of the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nan-Jay Su  Su-Zan Yeh  Chi-Lu Sun  Andr E. Punt  Yong Chen  Sheng-Ping Wang 《Fisheries Research》2008,90(1-3):235-246

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is often used as an index of relative abundance in fisheries stock assessments. However, the trends in nominal CPUE can be influenced by many factors in addition to stock abundance, including the choice of fishing location and target species, and environmental conditions. Consequently, catch and effort data are usually ‘standardized’ to remove the impact of such factors. Standardized CPUE for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, caught by the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) for 1964–2004 were derived using three alternative approaches (GLM, GAM and the delta approach), and sensitivity was explored to whether catch-rates of yellowfin tuna and albacore tuna are included in the analyses. Year, latitude, and the catch-rate of yellowfin explained the most of the deviance (32–49%, depending on model configuration) and were identified consistently among methods, while trends in standardized catch-rate differed spatially. However, the trends in standardized catch-rates by area were found to be relatively insensitive to the approach used for standardization, including whether the catch-rates of yellowfin and albacore were included in the analyses.  相似文献   

Callus induction and plant regeneration from lateral shoots of herbaceous bamboo Mniochloa abersend     

Qiaolu Zang  Yulian Jiao  Xiaomei Guo  Fei Zhuge  Kaiwun Yeh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(2):168-174

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Mniochloa abersend via lateral shoots were conducted in this study. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for compact callus induction. Remarkably, calli on the MS medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D yielded the highest folds of proliferation (8.01), and showed a high potential capacity to differentiate 1 year after subculture. In addition, the compact calli possessed 100% differentiation rate and generated more shoots that were green and strong in 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Vigorous roots were generated in the 1/2MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, and the resultant plantlets exhibited 90% survival rate after they were hardened and transplanted. The established regeneration system of M. abersend provides a promising platform for bamboo gene function study.  相似文献   

Two reported cytotypes of the emergent orchid model species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erycina pusilla</Emphasis> are two different species     

Hsuan-Yu Yeh  Choun-Sea Lin  Hans de Jong  Song-Bin Chang 《Euphytica》2017,213(10):233

Each species is characterized by a specific set of chromosomes, which is described as the chromosome portrait or karyotype. In general, such a karyotype is the same for all individuals in the population. An exception to that rule has recently been found in the orchid Erycina pusilla, which has been reported to have two cytotypes with chromosome numbers of 2n = 10 and 2n = 12. Here, we examined the karyotypes of the two cytotypes and found differences in arm ratios and heterochromatin patterns as well as in the presence of satellite chromosomes and in the number and location of rDNA and telomeric repeat sites. These differences are extensive and would have required multiple chromosome rearrangements to generate the differences between the two karyotypes. We also found that F1 hybrids between the parents with the two different chromosome numbers resulted in sterile offspring, in accordance with our previous findings. The combination of hybrid sterility and extensively rearranged chromosomes supports the hypothesis that these two reported cytotypes are, in fact, two different species.  相似文献   

Protective effects of oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine prepared by co-spray drying method   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lin JH  Weng CN  Liao CW  Yeh KS  Pan MJ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(1):69-74

The efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae oral vaccine was investigated in microsphere dosage form. A co-spray drying process was used to apply an encapsulating material, Eudragit L30 D-55, to microspheres containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. The microspheres were generally effective (>93%) with protein release at pH 7.4, but almost none were released at pH 1.2, for 3 hr in an in vitro dissolution test. An SPF-swine model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the microspheres as an oral vaccine, and the related immune responses. The serum's systemic IgG against M. hyopneumoniae was evoked by ELISA analysis, after a 2nd immunization of all pigs. The vaccinated groups' mean lesion score was significantly lower after the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge than that of the nonvaccinated/challenged groups (P<0.05). This study strongly suggests that the oral microspheres vaccine prepared by a co-spray drying method can provide effective protection against M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.  相似文献   

Oral immunization using formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae antigens entrapped in microspheres with aqueous dispersion polymers prepared using a co-spray drying process   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Liao CW  Chiou HY  Yeh KS  Chen JR  Weng CN 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,61(1):1-15

Oral-vaccine microspheres based on formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (AP-1) antigens and enteric-coated polymers were prepared using a co-spray drying process. We evaluated using this for a peroral vaccine. We measured specific-antibody titers and protection from challenge in mouse and pig models. In mice (24 per group), a subcutaneous aluminum-adjuvant vaccine or oral vaccination with three doses of AQ6-AP microspheres provided similar protection against intranasal challenge with 5 x 10(8) colony-formation units (cfu) of AP-1 bacterial culture broth. Two weeks after four oral vaccinations with 600 mg of AQ6-AP microsphere acetate solution (containing formalin-inactivated AP-1 antigens of 1.0 x 10(10) cfu bacterial broth), pigs (9 per group) were challenged intranasally with 1 ml of AP-1 bacterial culture broth (5 x 10(9) cfu). The clinical signs, percentage of pig survival ratio, lung lesion areas, and microscopic examinations indicated that the oral AQ6-AP vaccine provided more protection than vaccinating pigs intramuscularly with AP-1 aluminum vaccine.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of an attenuated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Papaya ringspot virus</Emphasis> strain applied for cross-protection     

Chu-Hui Chiang  Chun-Yee Lee  Ching-Hsien Wang  Fuh-Jyh Jan  Shih-Shun Lin  Tsung-Chi Chen  Joseph A. J. Raja  Shyi-Dong Yeh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):333-348

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) HA 5-1, a nitrous acid-induced mild mutant of severe strain HA, widely applied for control of PRSV by cross-protection, was used to study the genetic basis of attenuation. Using infectious clones, a series of recombinants was generated between HA 5-1 and HA and their infectivity was analyzed on the systemic host papaya and the local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa. The recombinants that contained mutations in P1 and HC-Pro genes caused attenuated infection on papaya without conspicuous symptoms, similar to HA 5-1. The recombination and sequence analyses strongly implicated two amino acid changes in the C-terminal region of P1 and two in HC-Pro of HA 5-1 involved in the attenuated infection on papaya. The recombinants that infected C. quinoa plants without local lesions contained the same mutations in the C-terminal region of HC-Pro for attenuated infection on papaya. We conclude that both P1 and HC-Pro bear important pathogenicity determinants for the infection on the systemic host papaya and that the mutations in HC-Pro affecting pathogenicity on papaya are also responsible for the inability to induce hypersensitive reaction on C. quinoa.  相似文献