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This paper asks whether the technological development of a nation reduces the inter‐regional hierarchy in knowledge flow. We examine two scenarios that are the alternative to each other. The first is what we call the globalization of regional innovation system/weakening of inter‐regional hierarchy scenario: As many regions develop their niches in the global economy, the national “anchor” region loses its relative importance as the importer and distributor of new knowledge, rendering the domestic inter‐regional hierarchy less significant as a result. The second scenario is the globalization of national innovation system/persistence of inter‐regional hierarchy. The nation’s traditional anchor region becomes even more active in importing technology and distributing it to other regions of the country. To test which scenario is closer to reality, we employ social network metrics to analyse inter‐regional technology diffusion networks using Chinese patent licensing data for the 1998–2013 period. Our findings support the second scenario, showing that the influence of the traditional anchor region persists in the hierarchical network structure as new cities enter the network. We found five anchor regions: the three usual suspects—Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen—plus two that were slightly less expected—Dongguan and Suzhou. 相似文献
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Cryptococcal pneumonia in a horse 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Sang-Nag Ahn Yeon-Kyu Kim Ha-Cheol Hong Seong-Sook Han Soo-Jin Kwon Hae-Chune Choi Huhn-Pal Moon Susan R. McCouch 《Euphytica》2000,116(1):17-22
A single dominant blast resistance gene conferring resistance to a Korean rice blast isolate was identified in rice variety
`Suweon 365'. We report the chromosomal localization and molecular mapping of this blast resistance gene designated as Pi-18, which confers resistance to Korean isolate `KI-313' of the blast pathogen. To know whether there is a relationship among
genes conditioning resistance to location-specific isolates of the blast pathogen and thereby to identify linked markers to
resistance gene for isolate KI-313 collected in Korea, RFLP markers previously reported to be linked to major blast resistance
genes in different rice germplasm and other markers mapped to nearby regions were surveyed for polymorphism between a resistant
(`Suweon 365') and a susceptible (`Chucheongbyeo') parent. Linkage associations of the RFLP markers with the resistance gene
were verified using an F2 and F3 segregating population of known blast reaction. RFLP analysis showed that Pi-18 was located near the end of chromosome 11, linked to a single copy clone RZ536 at a distance of 5.4 centiMorgans (cM) and
that this gene was different from Pi-1(t). An allelism test revealed that this gene was also different from Pi-k. Currently, a combination of RAPD and microsatellite primers is being employed to find additional markers in this region.
Tightly linked DNA markers will facilitate selection for resistant genotypes in breeding programs and provide the basis for
map based cloning of this new blast resistance gene.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Yonghee Moon Yong-Seon Zhang Yeon-Kyu Sonn Byung-Keun Hyun Hi-Soo Moon 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):509-521
The detailed characterization of mineralogical changes with depth in pyrite-rich tailings from an abandoned mine provides insight into the future geochemical progression of the tailings. Based on the pH and mineralogical characterization, the Guryong mine tailings can be divided into four zones: jarosite zone, iron (Fe)-sulfate zone, Fe-oxyhydroxide and gypsum-bearing pyrite zone, and calcite-bearing pyrite zone. The jarosite zone was approximately 50 cm deep from the surface and had secondary gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and jarosite [KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6]. The pH of the jarosite zone ranged from 2.3 to 4.0, and the ratio of total Fe to total sulfur (S) ranged from 0.7 to 4.3. These results show that the solid phase, schwertmannite or jarosite, is associated with the total sulfate (SO4) content. The Fe-sulfate zone had low pH values caused by strong pyrite oxidation and greatest amounts of the secondary minerals and acid-leachable heavy metals. The Fe-oxyhydroxide and gypsum-bearing pyrite zone reflects partial alteration of pyrite resulting in the coexistence of secondary gypsum and primary pyrite. The calcite-bearing pyrite zone had pH values exceeding 7.0 at greater depths and contained primary calcite (CaCO3). However, the GS6 and GS10 profiles, which contained coarse particles near the water table, were the most acidic and their calcite contents were not dectected. The oxidation of pyrite is the most important factor in the mineral cycling of Guryong mine tailings, controlling the changes in pH, the precipitation of secondary mineral phases, and the behavior of heavy metals through the profile. 相似文献
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Beth A Valentine Brad M DeBey Robert J Sonn Larry R Stauffer Leon G Pielstick 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(1):83-85
A chronically draining subcutaneous mass was removed from the ventral cervical region of a 6-year-old spayed female Domestic Shorthair cat. The histopathologic diagnosis was severe locally extensive pyogranulomatous and necrotizing cellulitis. Bacterial culture yielded Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis as the causative agent. Immunohistochemical evaluation of sections for F. tularensis was negative. One year later, the cat was euthanized because of progressive lethargy found to be due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with pulmonary thromboembolism. No evidence of cutaneous or systemic infection by F. tularensis was found at necropsy. This case appears to be a localized form of tularemia resembling the ulceroglandular form of tularemia in humans and suggests that bacterial culture may be more sensitive than immunohistochemistry in detecting organisms in cases of localized F. tularensis infection. 相似文献
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Robert J Bildfell Patrick Long Robert Sonn 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(4):337-339
Cryptococcosis was diagnosed in a 17-year-old male llama that had been euthanatized following an acute onset of neurologic disease. Tissues affected included the brain, spinal cord, lung, and kidney. The character of the leukocytic response varied from minimal to pyogranulomatous. Cryptococcosis has not been previously reported in a llama, although the infection has been described in 2 other species of New World camelids. The pathogenesis of cryptococcosis is briefly reviewed. 相似文献
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J L Gradin K M Marta S L Kaattari G E Pluhar J A Stephens A E Sonn A W Smith 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1991,55(2):117-120
Several monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against pili of Bacteroides nodosus were examined to determine their reactivity with 11 different serotypes. One McAb was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis that bound to nine of the 11 serotypes and another that bound to the remaining two serotypes tested. In addition, some McAbs demonstrated specificity for a single serotype, while others displayed specificities for up to five other serotypes. Comparison of immunoblot analysis with the ELISA revealed that the former method was not as sensitive in that all McAbs positive by the ELISA, were not positive by immunoblot. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed. There appear to be several antigenic determinants on B. nodosus pili and considerable sharing of these determinants between pili types. The 11 serotypes analyzed by the McAbs in this report are representative of all 20 US serotypes as well as the A-set and D-set categories of Australia. Therefore, the two epitopes recognized by two of the McAbs reported herein encompass all of the currently characterized B. nodosus serotypes and may provide a basis for bivalent vaccines efficacious for all types of B. nodosus induced footrot in sheep. 相似文献