橡胶树种质的分子量与分布差异及年度变化研究          下载免费PDF全文

曾霞  张福全  周世俊  胡彦师  黄华孙 《南方农业学报》2020,51(12):3004-3012

[目的]对橡胶树种质的分子量与分布差异及其年度变化进行研究,为橡胶树优异种质挖掘、优良新品种选育和天然橡胶加工提供参考依据.[方法]以18份橡胶树的野生种质和栽培种质为研究对象,采取非刺激割制,在割胶期间的上中下旬采割胶乳,应用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行分子量测定,分析分子量大小及其年度变化情况.[结果]18份橡胶树种质的数均分子量(Mn)、重均分子量(Mw)在种质间和年度内达极显著差异(P<0.01,下同),Mn年平均值为272414~764161,变异系数为0.09~0.37,Mw年平均值为2769600~3561437,变异系数为0.06~0.15;Z均分子量(Mz)在种质间差异不显著(P>0.05),但年度内差异达极显著水平,年平均值为7220414~7697966,变异系数为0.07~0.11;多分散系数(PDI)为4.7~8.8,栽培种质较野生种质具有更宽的分布.在年度变化上,大部分种质的Mn在开割前2个月较高,7月下降后并保持平稳,PDI则相反;Mw和Mz全年呈规律性波动态势,且均在7月中旬有明显的上升趋势.对测试月份分析发现,Mn、Mw和PDI年平均值与每月的上中下旬、代表性月份(5、7和10月或6、8和10月)测定平均值的相关系数均在0.950以上;Mn和PDI在代表性月份各测定1次,与年平均值的相关系数也在0.950以上(除6月上旬外),Mw则是5月下旬和7月、10月任一旬,以及6月下旬和8月、10月任一旬的平均值与年平均值的相关性更好,分别达0.927和0.913.18份橡胶树种质的GPC曲线各自呈现出一定特征,根据低峰情况可初步分为单峰和高低双峰分布2种类型,高峰大多出现在logMw为6.5处,低峰大多出现在logMw为5.4处.[结论]Mn、Mw和PDI可作为橡胶树种质胶乳特性的遗传指标,Mz不适合作为遗传指标.Mn、Mw和PDI年度内存在一定变化,可采取代表性月份测定或每月测定.  相似文献   

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate     

Ruimin Chao  Chengqiang Xia  Caixia Pei  Wenjie Huo  Qiang Liu  Chunxiang Zhang  Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.  相似文献   

The advantages of the use of vitamin E and selenium for the prevention and therapy of porcine stress syndrome     

T H?nichen  K Heinritzi  W Bollwahn  H M Blendl 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(2):147-151

In a feeding trial lasting for months Halothane-positive fattening pigs were put on a diet containing different concentrations of vitamin E and selenium. After a Myostress application vitamin E and selenium were additionally injected in order to examine stress resistance (CK-test) and regenerative capacity (histological examination of Musculus longissimus dorsi) of skeletal muscle. The study revealed that neither high dietary levels of vitamin E/selenium nor a vitamin E/selenium treatment applied after stress are capable of preventing stress related myopathy nor can they influence its healing up favourably.  相似文献   

Long-term study of aerobic bacteria of the genital tract in stud dogs.     

L Bjurstr?m  C Linde-Forsberg 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(5):670-673

The aerobic bacterial flora of the genital tract was characterized in 15 stud dogs in an 18-month study. The dogs represented 4 breeds and were from 3 kennels. Bacterial samples from the prepuce and semen were collected every month, except in connection with matings, when they were collected weekly (464 samples). The dogs that were included all mated at least once during the study. The mean pregnancy rate, litter size, and pup mortality for the bitches with which they had mated were all within normal limits. The most frequent bacteria isolated from the prepuce and semen were Pasteurella multocida, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Escherichia coli. There was a tendency for breeds to differ in frequency of the most common bacterial species. Bacterial culture yielded no aerobic growth in 14.2% of the preputial samples and 69.8% of the semen samples. Bacteria were transferred between dog and bitch at mating. In this study of healthy breeding dogs, neither the fertility of the dog nor that of the bitch was affected by the bacteria transferred.  相似文献   

An incarcerated iris hernia after a perforating corneal injury in a cat     

R K?stlin 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(4):351, 436-351, 437

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Eradication of lice in cattle.   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

O Nafstad  H Gr?nst?l 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):81-89

The purpose of this field study was to develop and evaluate eradication as a strategy to control lice in cattle. Thirty-three herds of cattle were selected and observed during a period of two and a half years. Before eradication, biting lice (Damalinia bovis) were present in 94% of the herds and 27% of the animals. Sucking lice (Linognathus vituli) were present in 42% of the herds and 5% of the animals. These levels were very similar to those reported from other countries in Northern Europe. The eradication strategy was successful in 28 of 33 herds, but lice were still present in 5 herds 3 to 6 months after treatment. Biting lice were present in all these 5 herds, sucking lice were present in 3 herds. During the next 12 months, nine of the 28 herds were reinfected with lice. Six herds were reinfected with just biting lice, 2 herds with just sucking lice and one herd was reinfected with both. There was no significant difference between the 2 louse species regarding the risk of unsuccessful eradication or reinfection. The only significant risk factor for reinfection was either purchase of livestock or use of common pasture, combined with failure in pre-treatment of newly introduced animals.  相似文献   

白浆土的氮素分布特征     

丁光伟  赵玉萍  夏荣基 《中国农业大学学报》1990,(Z4):61-70

本文以黑龙江省三江平原耕地白浆土为主要研究对象,并以复区内存在的草甸土和暗棕壤作比较,研究了土壤各种理化性质与不同形态氮素之间的相关关系:白浆土中 HA 和 FA 的主要差别,在于前者含有较多的碱性氨基酸,而后者则含有较多的酸性氨基酸;各种不同形状 N素与土壤 pH 值,质地等相关性不显著,而与土壤有机质、全 N 和 C/N 比值等的相关性极为显著。  相似文献   

笔管榕榕果发育的初步研究     

陶正明  林霞  邓孝理 《浙江林业科技》2004,24(2):36-38

对温州市区笔管榕榕果的形成时期、着生部位、结果数量、发育温度、生长特性和果实结构进行了初步研究,对进一步开发笔管榕资源提出了建议.  相似文献   

Inflammatory mammary carcinoma in dogs: 33 cases (1995-1999).     

M D Pérez Alenza  E Tabanera  L Pe?a 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(8):1110-1114

OBJECTIVE: To determine epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IC) in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 33 dogs with IC and 153 dogs with malignant mammary tumors other than IC. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed, and signalment, history, physical examination findings, and results of thoracic radiography and necropsy were obtained. RESULTS: 33 of 436 (7.6%) dogs examined at a veterinary teaching hospital because of dysplasia or tumors of the mammary glands and 33 of 186 (17.7%) dogs with at least 1 malignant tumor had IC. Thirty-two of the 33 dogs were sexually intact. Dogs with IC were significantly older than were dogs with other malignant mammary tumors, and in dogs with IC, the tumor was initially noticed a mean of 52 days after the beginning of the last observed estrus, whereas in dogs with other mammary tumors, the tumor was initially noticed a mean of 137 days after the beginning of the last observed estrus. Dogs with IC were more likely to be anorectic and to have generalized weakness, weight loss, and thoracic metastases. Dogs with IC survived a mean of 25 days with palliative treatment. Histologically, involvement of dermal lymphatic vessels was identified in 14 of 19 (74%) dogs with IC. Two clinical forms of IC (primary and secondary) were identified. Dogs with primary IC had a worse clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that IC is an uncommon but distinct entity in dogs. A histologic finding of dermal lymphatic involvement should be considered a hallmark for the pathologic diagnosis of IC in dogs.  相似文献   

Model of the myocardial infarction in the Beagle dogs by intracoronary embolization with the polyethylene foam     

JIN hong-feng  SHEN fa-rong  LIN feng  HUANG Shu-wei  YU Wei  Xia Yu  CHEN Jian-min  WANG Zhi-jun 《园艺学报》2009,25(8):1660-1661

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