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A.M. KHALIL 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(8):839-847
Abstract. Ammonia excretion rate of the marine bivalve Tapes decussatus (L.) varied with body weight, temperature and starvation. There was a steady state in the excretion rates, in which these rates neither increased nor decreased during the first 6 days of starvation. The highest rates of ammonia excreted during the steady state (before decline to lower level) depended on the temperature (715 ± 86 and 395 ± 55 μg NH4 .N/clam/h × 10−2 ) at 28°C and 20°C, respectively. At 16°C, the steady state extended from 6h to 18d starvation. Ammonia excretion rates were higher for starved clams than for fed clams at all sizes, e.g. clams of 0·07 g dry flesh weight (28 ± 9 and 13 ± 5 μg NH4 .N/clam/h × 10−2 respectively) at 16°C but not at 20°C and 28°C. At each temperature, weight-specific ammonia excretion rates were related to dry flesh weight of starved clams but were not related to fed ones. 相似文献
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ZEINAB KHALIL 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,98(1-2):179-185
The effects of different concentrations of mercury on the cyanobacterium Phormidium fragile were studied. The results revealed that the dry biomass yield, protein content, chlorophyll a and carotenoids decreased with increased concentration of mercury from 0.01 to 1.5 mg L-. Also, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GIDH) and nitrate reductase activity was suppressed by increased metal concentration whereas glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were hardly affected. Mercury uptake increased at the higher levels of the metal. On the other hand, all the amino acid components gradually increased with rise of the metal level except isoleucine, histidine and methionine which were suppressed by the smaller doses and completely disappeared by the larger doses of the metal. 相似文献
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Samy M ELEAWA Mahmoud A ALKHATEEB Fahaid H ALHASHEM Ismaeel BIN-JALIAH Hussein F SAKR Hesham M ELREFAEY Abbas O ELKARIB Riyad M ALESSA Mohammad A HAIDARA Abdullah S. SHATOOR Mohammad A KHALIL 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(2):115-127
This study was performed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of
resveratrol (RES) against CdCl2-induced toxicity in rat testes. Seven
experimental groups of adult male rats were formulated as follows: A) controls+NS, B)
control+vehicle (saline solution of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin), C) RES treated, D)
CdCl2+NS, E) CdCl2+vehicle, F) RES followed by CdCl2
and M) CdCl2 followed by RES. At the end of the protocol, serum levels of FSH,
LH and testosterone were measured in all groups, and testicular levels of TBARS and
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Epididymal semen analysis was
performed, and testicular expression of Bcl-2, p53 and Bax was assessed by RT-PCR. Also,
histopathological changes of the testes were examined microscopically. Administration of
RES before or after cadmium chloride in rats improved semen parameters including count,
motility, daily sperm production and morphology, increased serum concentrations of
gonadotropins and testosterone, decreased testicular lipid peroxidation and increased SOD
activity. RES not only attenuated cadmium chloride-induced testicular histopathology but
was also able to protect against the onset of cadmium chloride testicular toxicity.
Cadmium chloride downregulated the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 and upregulated the expression
of pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax. Resveratrol protected against and partially reversed
cadmium chloride testicular toxicity via upregulation of Bcl2 and downregulation of p53
and Bax gene expression. The antioxidant activity of RES protects against cadmium chloride
testicular toxicity and partially reverses its effect via upregulation of BCl2 and
downregulation of p53 and Bax expression. 相似文献
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Mohamed ELBADAWY Kazuaki SASAKI Yuji MIYAZAKI Mohamed ABOUBAKR Waleed Fathy KHALIL Minoru SHIMODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1331-1334
The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen was investigated following oral dosing to Shiba
goats in order to evaluate the properties of gastric emptying. Acetaminophen was
intravenously and orally administered at 30 mg/kg body weight to goats using a crossover
design with a 3-week washout period. The stability of acetaminophen in rumen juice was
also assessed. Acetaminophen concentrations were measured by HPLC. Since acetaminophen was
stable in rumen juice for 24 hr, the extremely low bioavailability (16%) was attributed to
its hepatic extensive first-pass effect. The mean absorption time and absorption half-life
were unexpectedly short (4.93 and 3.35 hr, respectively), indicating its marked absorption
from the forestomach, which may have been due to its smaller molecular weight. Therefore,
acetaminophen was considered to be unsuitable for evaluating gastric emptying in Shiba
goats. 相似文献
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我们于2009年在巴基斯坦波特瓦尔高原地区对农业生态系统中灰鹧鸪(Francolinus pondicerianus)的种群生物学进行了研究。该地区是灰鹧鸪在巴基斯坦的重要分布区之一。灰鹧鸪在作物区和灌丛林地的密度分别为每公顷1.59±0.39和0.87±0.14只,并且两种生境中的密度在季节间均稍有浮动。灰鹧鸪在由Desmostachia bipinnata、Acacia modesta、Imperata cylindrical、枣树(Zizipus jujuba)及大戟属(Euphorbia)等植物组成的植被地面营巢。产卵期为春夏两季,平均产卵期长约6±0.36天(5–7天),平均窝卵数为7±0.36枚(6–8枚)。平均孵卵期为20.6±0.50天(19–22天)。所记录的42枚卵中,32枚成功孵化(成功率76.19%),平均孵化率为每窝5.33±1.22枚。离巢雏鸟数约为每窝3.83±0.83只(离巢率63.08%)。该鸟种为杂食性,亦食天牛。从该鸟的食物中鉴别出10个种类,包括 7 种植物:珍珠粟(Pennisetum typhoideum)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、假高粱(S.halepense)、牧豆树(Prosopis juliflora)、绿豆(Phaseolus radiates)、尖刺红花(Carthemus axycantha)及金合欢属(Acacia)某种植物,2种昆虫:家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)及红褐林蚁(Formica rufa),以及砂砾。 相似文献
6.
Xia LIANG Helen SUTER Shu Kee LAM Charlie WALKER Roya KHALIL Deli CHEN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(3):366
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Influence of sudden changes in management program on physiological and behavioral parameters in hens
The present study was designed to test the effects of sudden changes of food access and light duration on the physiological and behavioral parameters of hens. The physiological parameters investigated were heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT), and locomotor activity (LA) using a radiotelemetry system. After implantation of the telemetry transmitters, six hens were housed individually in cages under constant environmental conditions for 10 days with a photoperiod of 15 h light (04.00–19.00 hours), and food was available ad libitum at all times. After that, the same hens were subjected to a feed withdrawal trial, from 12.00 to 08.30 hours, followed by a lighting hour reduction trial by changing the time of lights‐off from 19.00 to 14.00 hours. The physiological and behavioral data were recorded for 2 days before each trial, as control data. With the feed withdrawal trial, during the light and dark periods, HR and BT were significantly lower in the hens without food access than in the control. Whereas, LA was significantly lower only during the light period in the hens without food access than in the control. Further, the time spent resting increased significantly, but the time spent feeding decreased significantly in the hens without food access than in the control. Also, the number of times the cage was pecked and pecking of the feeder occured at a significantly higher level, while the number of times beaks were wiped occured at a significantly lower level in the hens without food access than in the control. With the lighting hour reduction trial, during the light period, HR and BT were significantly higher, whereas LA was significantly lower in the ’sudden light‐off’ treated hens than in the control. In addition, during the dark period, HR, BT and LA were significantly higher in the sudden light‐off treated hens than in the control. Moreover, in the sudden light‐off treated hens, the time spent preening and feeding decreased significantly, but the time spent resting increased significantly than in the control. It is concluded that sudden changes in a management program might result in many significant differences as were found in the physiological and behavioral parameters of hens in the present study. 相似文献
8.
Diurnal and oviposition patterns of heart rate (HR), deep body temperature (BT) and locomotor activity (LA) in conscious and unrestrained Rhode Island Red hens were studied by a radiotelemetry system. Behavioral observations were also made on diurnal changes and during the pre‐ and post‐laying period. Heart rate, BT and LA showed characteristic diurnal changes synchronized with a photoperiod of 15 h light and 9 h dark. In the light period, HR, BT, and LA levels were significantly higher than in the dark period (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the highest levels of these parameters were recorded just after they were fed (08.30 hours), while the lowest level was measured after lights‐off and remained stable throughout the dark period. Behavioral observations indicated that during the light period the hens spent most of their time in very active movement, exhibiting various behavioral patterns. However, in the dark period the hens spent almost all their time resting. The present results suggest that performing various behavioral activities cause heat generated by muscle exertion, which plays a significant role in daily HR, BT, and LA in laying hens. However, during the 60 min before and after oviposition, LA appeared to have increased steadily toward the moment of laying, and then regressed gradually in the post‐laying period to a level significantly lower than in the pre‐laying period (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the pre‐laying behavior of hens indicated extreme restlessness and more activity, whereas the post‐laying period is characterized by less activity and increased relaxation. Consequently, laying behavior has a profound but transitory effect on HR and BT, suggesting that oviposition was probably associated with intense LA. 相似文献
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