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Proteolytic activity of sea trout hatching liquid was examined towards casein and azocazein as a function of pH and temperature.
The optimum pH for caseinolytic and azocaseinolytic activities were 9.4, and 9.0, respectively. At alkaline pH the enzyme
was activated by low concentrations of Zn2+ ions (10−5 M). Maximum proteolytic activity of the hatching liquid was observed at 25°C. Temperatures exceeding 30°C caused a rapid
reduction in enzyme activity. Proteolytic activity observed at 10°C was approximately 50% of that observed at 25°C. In general,
a pseudo-Arrhenius plot indicated a Q10 of 1.6 between 6 and 25°C. 相似文献
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Increasing environmental concentrations of platinum group metals (PGMs), in particular platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd), from catalytic converters has been reported worldwide. The impact of these three metals on the uptake and use of essential mineral nutrients was examined using two plant models: the submerged aquatic plant, Elodea canadensis, and the terrestrial emergent plant, Peltandra virginica. Plants were grown for 2 weeks in nutrient solutions with either Pt4+ at concentrations between 0.05 and 5 mg/L, or a 0.1 mg/L Pt4+, Rh3+, Pd2+ mixture. Some treatments received additional Ca2+, Zn2+, or humic acid (with varying pH) to study how these conditions affected PGM uptake. Metal concentration analyses were conducted using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) or an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP). Growth response was assessed through total chlorophyll content. There was significant Pt accumulation in plant tissues, from 55 to 326 times the concentration in nutrient solution. At pH 8, the addition of humic acid doubled Pt accumulation in comparison to the control. Additional exogenous minerals did not significantly affect PGM uptake, nor did the uptake of PGMs interfere with the uptake of Ca, Fe or Cu. Synthesis of chlorophyll in new shoots was not affected by Pt accumulation; however, visible chlorosis was observed in older shoots at 5 ppm Pt. Roadside Daucus carota samples from four heavy traffic locations in Dutchess County (New York) were also assessed for PGM content. Pt, Pd and Rh concentrations averaged 14.6, 10.2, and 0.7 μg/g, respectively. 相似文献
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Justyna Zofia Paplinska David A. Taggart Tony Corrigan Mark D.B. Eldridge Jeremy J. Austin 《Biological conservation》2011,(1):290-297
Use of DNA from museum samples is a powerful tool to directly establish historical ESU boundaries in areas where populations of a species have been extirpated. The brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) has suffered extensive reductions in range and population size since European settlement in Australia. Populations of this species have been grouped into three putative evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) which were likely once contiguous along the south-east coast of Australia. However, there is currently a gap of ∼320 km between extant populations of the southern and central ESUs. Conservation plans for the brush-tailed rock-wallaby include re-introductions of animals to locations within their former range. In order to preserve the historic geographic integrity of the genetic lineages within the species, it is necessary to map the boundary between the southern ESU and central ESU to allow more informed management decisions about which lineages should be used to re-stock specific geographic locations. We have extracted DNA from samples from museum specimens that come from locations between the southernmost extant colony of the central ESU and the remaining wild colony of the southern ESU. We sequenced a 177 bp interval of the left domain of the mitochondrial DNA control region and used phylogenetic analysis to group obtained sequences with previously published sequences belonging to the three ESUs. We have extended the range of the central ESU southwards and the range of the southern ESU northwards such that the gap between the ESUs is now approximately 160 km. We recommend that, where suitable historical museum collections exist, this technique be incorporated into re-introduction plans for other threatened species. 相似文献
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In differently aerated sites of two catenae under forest (Luvisols) and meadow (Gleysols) in Poland it was investigated if aeration in the period 1980–1983 could be characterized by the indicator I0 = N (in plants : soils): Mn (in plants : soils). In the Luvisol catena I0 was significantly correlated with ODR and in the Gleysol catena with ODR and Eh, but in neither of them with air volume. In both catenae “active” and “total” manganese fractions were a suitable basis for I0 calculation. In the Gleysol catena the investigation of top- (0–20) and subsoil (20–50 cm) appeared to be necessary when only the “active” Mn is considered. 相似文献
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Variation of enzyme activities, CO2 evolution and redox potential in an Eutric Histosol irrigated with wastewater and tap water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Brzezinska S. C. Tiwari Zofia Stepniewska M. Nosalewicz R. P. Bennicelli A. Samborska 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,43(1):131-135
An Eutric Histosol soil was irrigated for 4 years with municipal wastewater to compare its characteristics with a soil under natural rainfall that had never received wastewater and a soil that was irrigated with normal tap water. Four years irrigation of the soil with wastewater caused significant (P<0.001) increase in dehydrogenase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphate activities and CO2 evolution, and reduced the redox potential (P<0.05). The influence of treatments and plant cover on soil properties were significant (P<0.05) under both salix and grasses, except for few properties (redox potential and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities). It is suggested that, although different toxicants, e.g. heavy metals, may accumulate in wastewater-treated soils, enrichment of soil with organic substances and nutrients stimulated CO2 evolution and enzyme activities in the irrigated soil. 相似文献
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Janusz Strychalski Andrzej Gugo&#x;ek Pawe&#x; Brym Zofia Antoszkiewicz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(5):1585-1593
Mutations in the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene can impair the function of the enzyme that breaks down carotenoids. As a result, gradual accumulation of unoxidized carotenoids in animal tissues gives them a yellow colour. The aim of the study was to determine the content of carotenoids, retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver, fat and milk of rabbit does with three different genotypes determined by AAT‐deletion mutation at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene and to find out whether differences in the concentrations of the above compounds in the tissues and milk of the does affect reproduction parameters and the rearing rate of kittens. The experimental materials comprised 36 does, 12 of each genotype of the BCO2 gene, with their litters. Females with their litters were placed in individual cages, on deep litter. Between days 7 and 13 of lactation, samples of milk were collected from the does. The kittens stayed with their mothers until 35 days of age. After weaning, the does were sacrificed. Tissue samples of liver and perirenal fat were collected for chemical analyses. Additionally, based on samples taken from one female, RNA expression levels were determined from the mammary gland and liver, adipose tissue and skin. It was found that homozygous does with deletion at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene were characterized by considerably higher concentrations of xanthophylls and beta‐carotene in the liver, adipose tissue and milk than does with the remaining genotypes. However, the differences in the content of the above compounds in milk had no influence on litter weight or the number and rearing rate of kittens. Additionally, RNA expression of the BCO2 gene was found in the mammary tissue of lactating doe and its level was similar to those noted in the liver and adipose tissue. 相似文献
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