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反馈负波(FRN)是由代表行为错误或失去金钱等负性反馈刺激诱发的一种脑电波成分,出现在刺激呈现后250～300 ms左右,偶极子源定位发现这一成分产生于前扣带回附近.实验采用事件相关电位方法,以图形作为实验材料,采用联结学习--联结反转两阶段任务,考察了预期一致和预期不一致对FRN的影响.结果发现:与预期一致时,正性反馈诱发了更负的FRN,溯源分析显示,差异可能源于后扣带回区;与预期不一致时,负性反馈诱发了更负的FRN,溯源分析显示,差异可能源于前扣带回区.上述结果表明,与预期一致时FRN可能反映了情绪/动机过程,与预期不一致时FRN可能反映了强化学习过程.Abstract： In the cognitive task,the feedback in the outcome evaluation will induce a negative event-related brain potential,known as the feedback-related negativity(FRN).In this study a learning task was adopted,including associate learning and reversal learning stages,to investigate how FRN is affected by different expectations.It was found that with an outcome in line with the expectations,the positive feedback induced a more negative FRN,while with an outcome inconsistent with the expectations,the negative feedback induced a more negative FRN.These results suggested that when the received feedback is consistent with the expected,FRN may reflect the motivational/affective process of the outcome evaluation and when expectancy deviation Occurs,FRN more likely reflects the reinforcement learning process. 相似文献
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高等数学是大学数学中一门重要的基本课程,在不同领域都有着广泛应用。本文通过对目前高等数学教育现状进行调查和分析,找出教师在高等数学教育的过程中应注意的一些问题,从根本上找出高等数学教育的突破口,有针对性地进行教学。 相似文献
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