Redox halopriming: A Promising Strategy for Inducing Salt Tolerance in Bread Wheat          下载免费PDF全文

H.F. Maswada  N.I.K. Abd El‐Kader 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(1):37-50

New strategies to enhance growth and productivity of food crops in saline soils represent important research priorities. This study has investigated the role of certain priming techniques to induce salt tolerance of bread wheat. Wheat grains were soaked in 0.2 mm sodium nitroprusside as nitric oxide donor (redox priming), diluted sea water (halopriming) and the combination of both (redox halopriming). Grains were also soaked in distilled water (hydropriming); in addition, untreated grains were taken as control. Our results indicated that priming treatments significantly improved all growth traits and increased leaf pigments concentration as compared to the control. Priming treatments markedly enhanced membrane stability index, proline, total soluble sugars and K⁺ concentration with simultaneous decrease in the concentration of Na⁺ and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, yield and yield‐related traits such as plant height, spike length, total number of tillers, 1000‐grain weight, straw and grain yield considerably affected by priming treatments. Moreover, the grain yield of both genotypes was positively affected by redox halopriming treatment. However, the extent of enhancement was more prominent in Gemmiza‐9 (salt sensitive) than that in Sakha‐93 (salt‐tolerant). Overall, this study clearly indicated that redox halopriming treatment is a promising and handy technique to induce salinity tolerance of wheat genotypes.  相似文献   

Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils using Phosphogypsum and Rice Straw Compost     

Esawy Mahmoud  Nasser Abd El‐Kader 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(8):819-824

The application of soil amendments to immobilize heavy metals is a promising technology to meet the requirements for environmentally sound and cost‐effective remediation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the result of phosphogypsum (PG) used alone and in combination with compost (CP) at a mix ratio of 1:1 wet weight ratio (PG + CP) at 10 and 20 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil, on heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soil and on canola growth. The results revealed that the Pb, Cd and Zn uptake of canola plants was reduced by the application of PG alone and when it was mixed with CP as compared with untreated soil. At an application rate of 10 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil of (PG + CP) the dry weight of canola plants increased by 66·8% was increased in comparison with its weight in the untreated soil. The addition of PG alone resulted in more pronounced immobilization of heavy metal as compared with PG mixed with CP. Plant growth was improved with CP addition, but heavy metals immobilization was the greatest in PG alone treatments. Results suggest that PG may be useful for the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Soil organic matter fractionation as a tool for predicting nitrogen mineralization in silty arable soils     

M. A. Kader  S. Sleutel  S. A. Begum  K. D’Haene  K. Jegajeevagan  S. De Neve 《Soil Use and Management》2010,26(4):494-507

After decades of searching for a practical method to estimate the N mineralization capacity of soil, there is still no consistent methodology. Indeed it is important to have practical methods to estimate soil nitrogen release for plant uptake and that should be appropriate, less time consuming, and cost effective for farmers. We fractionated soil organic matter (SOM) to assess different fractions of SOM as predictors for net N mineralization measured from repacked (disturbed) and intact (undisturbed) soil cores in 14 weeks of laboratory incubations. A soil set consisting of surface soil from 18 cereal and root‐cropped arable fields was physically fractionated into coarse and fine free particulate OM (coarse fPOM and fine fPOM), intra‐microaggregate particulate OM (iPOM) and silt and clay sized OM. The silt and clay sized OM was further chemically fractionated by oxidation with 6% NaOCl to isolate an oxidation‐resistant OM fraction, followed by extraction of mineral bound OM with 10% HF (HF‐res OM). Stepwise multiple linear regression yielded a significant relationship between the annual N mineralization (kg N/ha) from undisturbed soil and coarse fPOM N (kg N/ha), silt and clay N (kg N/ha) and its C:N ratio (R² = 0.80; P < 0.01). The relative annual N mineralization (% of soil N) from disturbed soils was related to coarse fPOM N, HF‐res OC (% of soil organic carbon) and its C:N ratio (R² = 0.83; P < 0.01). Physical fractions of SOM were thus found to be the most useful predictors for estimating the annual N mineralization rate of undisturbed soils. However, the bioavailability of physical fractions was changed due to the disturbance of soil. For disturbed soils, a presumed stable chemical SOM fraction was found to be a relevant predictor indicating that this fraction still contains bio‐available N. The latter prompted a revision in our reasoning behind selective oxidation and extraction as tools for characterizing soil organic N quality with respect to N availability. Nonetheless, the present study also underscores the potential of a combined physical and chemical fractionation procedure for isolating and quantifying N fractions which preferentially contribute to bulk soil N mineralization. The N content or C:N ratio of such fractions may be used to predict N mineralization in arable soils.  相似文献   

The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera)     

Hong YJ  Tomas-Barberan FA  Kader AA  Mitchell AE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2405-2411

The fruits of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) are consumed throughout the world and are an important part of the diet in the Middle East. Dates at the rutab and tamar maturity and ripening stages contain a wide array of phenolic antioxidants, but little is known about the composition of phenolic compounds in dates at the khalal stage of ripening. In the current study, the flavonoid glycoside and procyanidin compositions of dates of the cultivar Deglet Noor harvested at the khalal stage of maturity were characterized using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Procyanidin oligomers through decamers were identified in extracts of these dates. Higher molecular weight polymers, undecamers through heptadecamers, were also apparent from mass spectra. Thirteen flavonoid glycosides of luteolin, quercetin, and apigenin, 19 when considering isomeric forms, were also identified. Mass spectra indicate that both methylated and sulfated forms of luteolin and quercetin are present as mono-, di-, and triglycosylated conjugates whereas apigenin is present as only the diglycoside. LC-ESI/MS/MS spectra indicate that quercetin and luteolin formed primarily O-glycosidic linkages whereas apigenin is present as the C-glycoside.  相似文献   

寄主植物挥发物与粘虫板对林间苹小吉丁引诱效果评价     

卡德艳·卡德尔  彭彬  马志龙  阿地力·沙塔尔 《新疆农业科学》2019,56(9):1720-1732

【目的】评价植物挥发性物质对苹小吉丁Agrilus mali Masumura林间引诱效果,为有效地监测苹小吉丁林间发生动态及成虫诱杀为主的绿色防控提供技术支撑。【方法】在野外苹果园内悬挂4种波长粘虫板与5种挥发物组合,评价林间引诱苹小吉丁效果。【结果】4种颜色粘虫板与5种挥发物组合对苹小吉丁在林间的引诱效果存在显著差异,其中顺-3-己烯醇分别与蛋黄色和浅绿色粘虫板组合对苹小吉丁的引诱效果较强,3 d 最大引诱数量分别达到66.00、63.00头/张,3 d 平均引诱数量分别为24.67、22.48头/张,与其它挥发物相比均有显著差异(P<0.05),雌虫的诱捕数量明显高于雄虫。苹小吉丁引诱数量在一定剂量范围内,随着挥发物剂量的增加呈现降低趋势。【结论】苹小吉丁对蛋黄色粘虫板与浅绿色粘虫板具有较好的趋向性,顺-3-己烯醇对粘虫板具有增效作用。蛋黄色或浅绿色粘虫板与顺-3-己烯醇组合,可作为苹小吉丁林间种群动态监测的手段。  相似文献   

野苹果枝条主要营养成分对苹小吉丁幼虫发育的影响     

彭彬  马志龙  卡德艳·卡德尔  阿地力·沙塔尔  张元明 《新疆农业科学》2019,56(9):1710-1719

【目的】研究苹小吉丁(Agrilus mali Matsumura)幼虫生长发育对野苹果被害枝条韧皮部主要营养成分影响及其变化规律。【方法】研究苹小吉丁与野苹果枝条营养成分之间的关系,对野苹果枝条韧皮部和木质部的苹小吉丁幼虫定点定时调查其不同时间段的发育情况,测定幼虫所处的不同部位主要营养成分含量。【结果】在枝条韧皮部内越冬的幼虫5月下旬至6月初开始蛀入木质部化蛹,未蛀入木质部的部分幼虫从6月下旬至8月下旬期间出现自然死亡,尤其是7月中旬后自然死亡率上升到45%以上;经对幼虫所处韧皮部不同阶段主要营养成分含量测定发现,受害韧皮部主要营养成分含量均低于健康韧皮部,幼虫危害期的延续可溶性糖、还原性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量分别从6月下旬的38.68、18.37、9.47、19.57 mg/g下降到8月下旬的17.5、12.15、9.47、16.6 mg/g,幼虫自然死亡率与韧皮部主要营养成分含量进行相关性分析(P＜0.05),两者为负相关性;而受害木质部主要营养成分含量均高于健康韧皮部,幼虫危害期的延续可溶性糖、还原性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量分别从6月下旬的12.13、3.91、3.73、12.2 mg/g上升到8月下旬的19.26、14.10、4.20、17.50 mg/g,幼虫自然死亡率与木质部主要营养成分含量相关性分析(P＜0.05),两者为正相关。【结论】野苹果受害部位枝条韧皮部的可溶性糖、还原性糖、可溶性蛋白含量下降是影响幼虫正常发育的主要因素,致使6月下旬至8月下旬幼虫难以蛀入木质部而大量死亡,可作为苹小吉丁林间种群数量变动的重要参数。  相似文献   

Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter butzleri isolated from preputial fluid of boars and fattening pigs in Brazil.     

S J de Oliveria  I V Wesley  A L Baetz  K M Harmon  I I Kader  M de Uzeda 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1999,11(5):462-464

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Growth,nutrient utilization,oxidative condition,and element composition of juvenile red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis> fed with fermented soybean meal and scallop by-product blend as fishmeal replacement     

Md. Abdul Kader  Shunsuke Koshio  Manabu Ishikawa  Saichiro Yokoyama  Mahbuba Bulbul  Yuki Honda  Roger Edward Mamauag  Asda Laining 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(1):119-128

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented soybean meal and scallop by-product blend (3:2) (FP) on the performance of juvenile red sea bream. Five isocaloric diets were prepared by replacing 0% (FP0), 15% (FP15), 30% (FP30), 45% (FP45), and 60% (FP60) fishmeal (FM) protein with FP, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish (initial mean weight 2.83 g) were fed the test diets for 45 days in a flowthrough seawater system. The results demonstrated that growth rates of fish fed FP0, FP15, and FP30 were similar, and significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of FP45 and FP60. Nutrient utilization was significantly lower in FP60, with no differences found among the other groups. Dietary heavy-metal contents were affected by inclusion of FP, impacting on whole-body heavy-metal contents. In terms of oxidative stress, fish fed the FP30 diet were in the best condition, since this fish group showed the least oxidative-stressed condition as well as the highest tolerance against oxidation. In conclusion, the approach of utilizing this fermented mixture is promising and it could replace at least 30% FM protein in red sea bream diet without negative effects on performance, body composition or health of fish.  相似文献   

Effect of high inclusion of rendered animal by‐product ingredients on growth,digestibility and economic performances in climbing perch Anabas testudineus          下载免费PDF全文

Md Sakhawat Hossain  Md Abdul Kader  Tanwi Dey  Nadia Mahjabin Sony  Mahbuba Bulbul  Shunsuke Koshio 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):931-940

A 70‐day growth trail was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of high levels of meat and bone meal (MBM) and protein concentrate (PC) on growth, digestibility and economic performances of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. Four isonitrogenous diets were formulated by lowering the level of dietary fishmeal protein at 0 (D₁, control), 70 (D₂), 85 (D₃) and 100% (D₄) with a mixture of MBM and PC protein (1:1). Triplicate groups of 300 fish (mean weight of 0.80 g) stocked in each 40 m² pond and fed the respective test diets. A digestibility trial was conducted after the growth trial in indoor glass aquarium. The result showed that growth parameters were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with fishmeal replacement levels. However, significant differences were not found in feed conversion ratio and survival of fish. No difference was also found in protein efficiency ratio among D1, D2 and D3. Similar to growth parameters, total fish production was highest in D1, intermediate in D2 and D3; and lowest in D4. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein and lipid were highest (P < 0.05) in D1 and lowest in D4. The economic analysis revealed that the benefit cost ratio was ranked by D₃ (1.81), D₂ (1.71), D₁ (1.66) and D₄ (1.46) respectively. Upon considering the overall performances and unavailability of finite protein sources, it can be concluded that 70–85% fishmeal could be replaced with a mixture of MBM and PC (1:1) in practical diets for climbing perch.  相似文献   

Ecoviability for ecosystem‐based fisheries management          下载免费PDF全文

Luc Doyen  Christophe Béné  Michel Bertignac  Fabian Blanchard  Abdoul Ahad Cissé  Catherine Dichmont  Sophie Gourguet  Olivier Guyader  Pierre‐Yves Hardy  Sarah Jennings  Lorne Richard Little  Claire Macher  David Jonathan Mills  Ahmed Noussair  Sean Pascoe  Jean‐Christophe Pereau  Nicolas Sanz  Anne‐Maree Schwarz  Tony Smith  Olivier Thébaud 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(6):1056-1072

Reconciling food security, economic development and biodiversity conservation is a key challenge, especially in the face of the demographic transition characterizing many countries in the world. Fisheries and marine ecosystems constitute a difficult application of this bio‐economic challenge. Many experts and scientists advocate an ecosystem approach to manage marine socio‐ecosystems for their sustainability and resilience. However, the ways by which to operationalize ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) remain poorly specified. We propose a specific methodological framework—viability modelling—to do so. We show how viability modelling can be applied using four contrasted case‐studies: two small‐scale fisheries in South America and Pacific and two larger‐scale fisheries in Europe and Australia. The four fisheries are analysed using the same modelling framework, structured around a set of common methods, indicators and scenarios. The calibrated models are dynamic, multispecies and multifleet and account for various sources of uncertainty. A multicriteria evaluation is used to assess the scenarios’ outcomes over a long time horizon with different constraints based on ecological, social and economic reference points. Results show to what extent the bio‐economic and ecosystem risks associated with the adoption of status quo strategies are relatively high and challenge the implementation of EBFM. In contrast, strategies called ecoviability or co‐viability strategies, that aim at satisfying the viability constraints, reduce significantly these ecological and economic risks and promote EBFM. The gains associated with those ecoviability strategies, however, decrease with the intensity of regulations imposed on these fisheries.  相似文献