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AIM: To assess the benefit of inducing emesis in dogs that have ingested rodenticide bait containing brodifacoum (BDF), by determining the amount of BDF in bait recovered from the vomitus relative to the estimated amount consumed.
METHODS: Between 2014 and 2015 samples of vomitus from seven dogs that ingested rodenticide baits containing BDF were submitted by veterinarians in New Zealand. All seven dogs had been given apomorphine by the veterinarian and vomited within 1 hour of ingesting the bait. Some or all of the bait particles were retrieved from each sample and were analysed for concentrations of BDF using HPLC. Based on estimations of the mass of bait consumed, the concentration of BDF stated on the product label, and the estimated mass of bait in the vomitus of each dog, the amount of BDF in the vomited bait was calculated as a percentage of the amount ingested.
RESULTS: For five dogs an estimation of the mass of bait ingested was provided by the submitting veterinarian. For these dogs the estimated percentage of BDF in the bait retrieved from the vomitus was between 10–77%. All dogs were well after discharge but only one dog returned for further testing. This dog had a normal prothrombin time 3 days after ingestion.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The induction of emesis within 1 hour of ingestion can be a useful tool in reducing the exposure of dogs to a toxic dose of BDF. The BDF was not fully absorbed within 1 hour of ingestion suggesting that the early induction of emesis can remove bait containing BDF before it can be fully absorbed. 相似文献
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Prevention and treatment of intraoperative hypoxemia in horses is difficult and both efficacy and safety of therapeutic maneuvers have to be taken into account. Inhaled salbutamol has been suggested as treatment of hypoxia in horses during general anesthesia, due to safety and ease of the technique. The present report describes the occurrence of clinically relevant unwanted cardiovascular effects (i.e. tachycardia and blood pressure modifications) in 5 horses undergoing general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency after salbutamol inhalation. Balanced anesthesia based on inhalation of isoflurane in oxygen or oxygen and air and continuous rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine, romifidine, or combination of lidocaine and guaifenesine and ketamine was provided. Supportive measures were necessary to restore normal cardiovascular function in all horses but no long-term adverse effects were noticed in any of the cases. 相似文献
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Analysis of caprine IgG1 and IgG2 subclass responses to Chlamydia psittaci infection and vaccination
N Schmeer H Krauss J Apel M Adami H P Müller W Schneider J A Perez-Martinez H Rieser 《Veterinary microbiology》1987,14(2):125-135
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for caprine IgG(H+L), IgG1 and IgG2 were developed and evaluated for serodiagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci infections in a Tunisian goat flock with currently occurring chlamydial abortions and a clinically inapparent goat flock of an animal research facility. Additionally, ELISAs were applied to record the IgG1 and IgG2 dynamics of four goats vaccinated with inactivated Chlamydia psittaci and Coxiella burnetii. For screening purposes, the IgG(H+L) ELISA proved to be superior to the complement fixation test because it detected a larger number of chlamydial abortions and was easier to perform and to interpret. Analysis of Chlamydia psittaci-specific IgG1 and IgG2 responses to naturally occurring infections by ELISA revealed high IgG1 levels associated with IgG2 in goats with current abortions, whereas clinically inapparent, but seropositive goats were characterized by significantly lower IgG1 levels only (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the four vaccinated goats responded initially with Chlamydia psittaci-specific IgG1, whereas second and third vaccinations induced (as in goats with chlamydial abortions) predominantly IgG1, but also IgG2. The results indicated that clinically inapparent chlamydial infection may be distinguished from overt disease by analysing specific IgG1 and IgG2 responses. Applying Coxiella burnetii- specific ELISAs on field samples, IgG1 alone could be detected in eight, IgG2 alone in one and IgG1 combined with IgG2 in nine goats. The coxiella-specific antibody response of the four vaccinated goats was--in contrast to the chlamydia-specific response--characterized by IgG2 dominance. 相似文献
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Sandra Wenger Stefan Hoby Fabia Wyss Chiara Adami Christian Wenker 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(2):176-180
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine (MMK) in captive gorillas after premedication with oral zuclopenthixol.Study designCase series.AnimalsSix gorillas, two males and four females, aged 9–52 years and weighing 63–155 kg.MethodsThe gorillas were given zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride 0.2 ± 0.05 mg kg?1 per os twice daily for 3 days for premedication. On the day of anaesthesia the dose of zuclopenthixol was increased to 0.27 mg kg?1 and given once early in the morning. Anaesthesia was induced with medetomidine 0.04 ± 0.004 mg kg?1, midazolam 0.048 ± 0.003 mg kg?1 and ketamine 4.9 ± 0.4 mg kg?1 intramuscularly (IM). Upon recumbency, the trachea was intubated and anaesthesia was maintained on 1–2% isoflurane in oxygen. Physiological parameters were monitored every 10 minutes and arterial blood gas analysis was performed once 30–50 minutes after initial darting. At the end of the procedure, 42–115 minutes after initial darting, immobilisation was antagonized with atipamezole 0.21 ± 0.03 mg kg?1 and sarmazenil 5 ± 0.4 μg kg?1 IM.ResultsRecumbency was reached within 10 minutes in five out of six animals. One animal required two additional darts before intubation was feasible. Heart rate ranged from 60 to 85 beats minute?1, respiratory rate from 17 to 46 breaths minute?1 and temperature from 36.9 to 38.3 °C. No spontaneous recoveries were observed and anaesthetic level was stable. Blood gas analyses revealed mild respiratory acidosis, and mean PaO2 was 24.87 ± 17.16 kPa (187 ± 129 mmHg) with all values being above 13.4 kPa (101 mmHg). Recovery was smooth and gorillas were sitting within 25 minutes.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe drug combination proved to be effective in anaesthetizing captive gorillas of various ages and both sexes, with minimal cardio-respiratory changes. 相似文献
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Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the associated risk factors of peri-anaesthetic mortality and gastrointestinal complications in pet rabbits.Study design
Retrospective cohort study.Animals
A total of 185 pet rabbits admitted to the Exotic Referal Service of Beaumont Sainsbury’s Animal Hospital over the period 2009–2016.Methods
The clinical records of the rabbits were obtained from the database. To evaluate the incidence of peri-anaesthetic mortality, three possible outcomes were considered: alive, dead or euthanized within the 72 hours following the anaesthetic event. Food intake and stool production during the first 72 hours following the anaesthetic event were evaluated to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications. Thereafter, various hypothesized risk factors, including administration of alpha-2 agonists, body weight, American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification and endotracheal intubation were tested against peri-anaesthetic mortality and gastrointestinal complications, with both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression.Results
Twenty-five out of 185 rabbits underwent two anaesthetic events; therefore, data from 210 cases were used. Of these 210 cases, six died during sedation or general anaesthesia and four (one of which euthanized) died during the first 72 postoperative hours, accounting for an actual mortality rate equal to 4.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.025–0.086). Peri-anaesthetic gastrointestinal complications developed in 77 (38%) out of the 204 anaesthetic events whose outcome was not intraoperative death (95% confidence interval, 0.314–0.446). Species-specific risk factors could not be identified for peri-anaesthetic mortality; however, the odds for post-anaesthetic gastrointestinal complications increased significantly with body weight (p = 0.01).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Our findings confirm that rabbits continue to have a higher incidence of peri-anaesthetic mortality than dogs and cats, and highlight a high risk for nonfatal peri-anaesthetic gastrointestinal complications in this species. 相似文献9.
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