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Precision Agriculture - Defining the ideal soybean stand is essential for obtaining maximum grain yield. As a hypothesis of the work, it was questioned whether it is possible to vary seeding...  相似文献   
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Precision farming tools such as auto-guidance systems assembled on tractors and/or sugar cane harvester machines are being applied to decrease the costs involved with ethanol production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, the cane loss and the operational field efficiency achieved by an auto-guidance system used to guide a sugar cane harvester over the field when compared to a manually-guided machine. The field test was conducted with two treatments: auto-guidance versus manual guidance; and day versus night. Each treatment was replicated four times. Each position recorded represented a single sample, which was used to calculate the error between the planned and actual paths. It was concluded that the use of an auto-guidance system operating on a sugar cane harvester during the day and night periods increased the field pass-to-pass accuracy relative to the planned row track, but it is essential that the crop was planted using the system. The use of the auto-guidance system did not significantly decrease the sugar cane loss, once the crop was well cultivated. More long-term research needs to be done related to this issue. The operational field efficiency of the cane harvester was the same for both auto-guidance and manual steering systems.  相似文献   
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The indiscriminate management and use of soils without moisture control has changed the structure of it due to the increment of the traffic by agricultural machines through the years, causing in consequence, a soil compaction and yield reduction in the areas of intensive traffic. The purpose of this work was to estimate and to evaluate the performance of preconsolidation pressure of the soil and shear stress as indicators of changes on soil structure in fields cropped with sugarcane, as well as the impact of management processes in an Eutrorthox soil structure located in Sao Paulo State. The experimental field was located in Piracicaba's rural area (Sao Paulo State, Brazil) and has been cropped with sugarcane, in the second harvest cycle. The soil was classified by EMBRAPA [EMBRAPA, 1999. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos. Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, Embrapa, Brasília, 412 pp.] as an Eutrorthox. Undisturbed samples were collected and georeferenced in a grid of 60 m × 60 m from two depths: 0–0.10 m (superficial layer – SL) and in the layer of greatest mechanical resistance (LGMR), previously identified by cone index (CI). The investigated variables were pressure preconsolidation (σp), apparent cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (). The conclusions from the results were that the SLSC was predicted satisfactorily from σp as a function of soil moisture; thus, decisions about machinery size and loading (contact pressures) can be taken. Apparent cohesion (c), internal friction angle () and the Coulomb equation were significantly altered by traffic intensity. The σp, c and maps were shown to be important tools to localize and visualize soil compaction and mechanical resistance zones. They constitute a valuable resource to evaluate the traffic impact in areas cropped with sugarcane in State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.  相似文献   
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This report describes a case of severe spontaneous tension pneumopericardium with concurrent pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and retropneumoperitoneum in a cat presenting with dyspnoea and signs of cardiac tamponade secondary to metastatic pulmonary carcinoma. Spontaneous pneumopericardium is an extremely uncommon condition consisting of pericardial gas in the absence of iatrogenic/traumatic causes. In humans, it has been described secondary to pneumonia or lung abscess and very rarely secondary to pulmonary neoplasia.  相似文献   
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