THE RECORD OF SCIENCE     

Bishop WW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1922,56(1443):205-216

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The effects of artificially-induced fly-strike on food intake and liveweight gain in sheep     

Heath AC  Bishop DM  Tenquist JD 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1987,35(4):50-52

A single, artificially-induced fly-strike with Lucilia sericata larvae was associated with a rapid (decline in food intake in sheep, with a consequent reduction in liveweight. Loss of weight ranged from 0.5 to 5.5 kg over four to six days and recovery to pre-infestation liveweight took three to 36 days. Pair-fed, uninfested partners of these sheep also showed a reduction in liveweight, whereas uninfested sheep in some experiments fed ad libitum showed either little change or a gain in liveweight over the same period. In general, maggot infested sheep took less time to regain weight than did their pair-fed partners although the weight lost as a proportion of initial weight was similar in both groups. Loss of appetite alone would appear to account for these events.  相似文献   

Divergent selection for postweaning feed conversion in Angus beef cattle: II. Genetic and phenotypic correlations and realized heritability estimate.     

M D Bishop  M E Davis  W R Harvey  G R Wilson  B D VanStavern 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(11):4360-4367

A single generation divergent selection study, replicated four times (1983, 1984, 1985, and 1986), was conducted to assess genetic differences between progeny of high and low feed conversion sires in Angus beef cattle and to determine correlated response for weight gain (ADG140), feed intake (AVFD140), and BW (OFFTSTWT) in a time- (140-d) and fat-constant (8.9 mm) period. Realized heritability estimates for unadjusted (feed/gain; FEFF140; .26) and adjusted feed conversion (adjusted as recommended by the BIF, 1986; ADJFDEFF; .46) were obtained. The difference in heritability estimates reflects variation accounted for by adjustment for BW differences, and thus maintenance requirements, of individual progeny. Phenotypic and "pseudo" realized genetic correlations of FEFF140 with ADG140, AVFD 140, and OFFTSTWT were -.33 and -.66, .49 and -.26, and .15 and -.41, respectively. Phenotypic and "pseudo" realized genetic correlations of ADJFDEFF with ADG140, AVFD140, OFFTSTWT, and FEFF140 were -.54 and -.59, .30 and -.23, .27 and -.36, and .97 and .49, respectively. Subcutaneous fat (as estimated by ultrasonic measurement; BF140) had phenotypic and "pseudo" realized genetic correlations with FEFF140 of -.33 and .66, respectively, and with ADJFDEFF of -.44 and -.58, respectively.  相似文献   

The ability of docking fluids containing chlorfenvinphos to prevent the establishment of experimentally-induced flystrike     

Heath AC  Bishop DM  Bentley GR 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1988,36(4):200-201

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Long-term care: sharing of the burden: caring for the disabled elderly     

Bishop CE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,243(4899):1738-1739

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Some currently available insecticides and their comparative efficacy on louse-infested, long-woolled sheep     

Heath AC  Cole DJ  Bishop DM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(3):101-103

The comparative efficacy of 13 of the sheep dips currently registered in New Zealand was investigated using sheep infested with the louse Bovicola ovis and carrying wool which was about 10 cm long at the shoulder. With the exception of one synthetic pyrethroid pour-on formulation, all products were able to effect a significant reduction in louse populations, relative to untreated controls, for 37 days after treatment. Only four products proved capable of eradicating lice and preventing their re-establishment up to 37 days after treatment. Variations in manufacturers' recommendations relating to the length of wool at dipping, and mode of application of dips are discussed in relation to the results.  相似文献   

An evaluation of two cypermethrin-based pour-on formulations on sheep infested with the biting louse, Bovicola ovis     

Heath AC  Nottingham RM  Bishop DM  Cole DJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(3):104-106

Two synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin) based pour-on insecticide formulations, with high cis/trans isomer ratios (80:20) but differing in their respective active ingredient concentrations and solvent component(s), were applied to sheep infested with the biting-louse, Bovicola ovis. All treated sheep were penned with louse-infested sheep 9,12 and 15 weeks after the insecticide was applied. The 2% cypermethrin formulation achieved a higher level of control than the 1.25% cypermethrin formulation at each challenge interval when applied 12 weeks after shearing. The 2% cypermethrin formulation provided 97-100% control of lice from 4 to 16 weeks after application on sheep shorn 6 or 12 weeks prior to treatment. The 1.25% cypermethrin formulation provided 85% control of lice 4 weeks after application on sheep shorn 12 weeks prior to treatment, the level of control increasing to a maximum of 100% by week 9, and declining thereafter. The 2% cypermethrin formulation may provide a better level of control in long-woolled sheep than 1.25% cypermethrin, by compensating for the diluent effect of lipid.  相似文献   

Behavior of ¹⁴C oryzalin in soil and plants     

Tomasz Golab  C.E. Bishop  A.L. Donoho  J.A. Manthey  L.L. Zornes 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(2):196-204

Radiochemical studies of field soil treated with ¹⁴C oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N⁴,N⁴-dipropylsulfanilamide) indicated that the compound was readily degradable. One year after soil treatment with oryzalin, 45% of the original radioactivity had dissipated, 25% was extractable, and 30% was “soil bound”. The extractable fraction contained oryzalin and several degradation products, some of which were isolated and identified. No single degradation product accounted for more than 3% of the applied oryzalin. The “soil-bound” radioactivity was extractable with hot alkali. No significant radioactive residues were detectable in either seed or forage of soybean and wheat plants. No specific metabolites of oryzalin were identified in soybean plants. Trace amounts of radioactivity found in plant tissue appeared to be associated with the various plant constituents.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the cationic trypsinogen gene for potential mutations in miniature schnauzers with pancreatitis          下载免费PDF全文

Micah A. Bishop  J?rg M. Steiner  Lisa E. Moore    David A. Williams 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(4):315-318

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cationic trypsinogen gene in miniature schnauzers for possible mutations. Genetic mutations have been linked with hereditary pancreatitis in humans. Four miniature schnauzers were selected on the basis of a clinical history of pancreatitis. One healthy miniature schnauzer and 1 healthy mixed breed canine were enrolled as controls. DNA was extracted from these canines using a commercial kit. Primers were designed to amplify the entire canine cationic trypsinogen cDNA sequence. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed and products were purified and sequenced. All sequences were then compared. The healthy control canine, a healthy miniature schnauzer, and the 4 miniature schnauzers with pancreatitis showed identical sequences of the cationic trypsinogen gene to the published sequence. We conclude that, in contrast to humans with hereditary pancreatitis, mutations of the cationic trypsinogen gene do not play a major role in the genesis of pancreatitis in the miniature schnauzer.  相似文献   

Enhancing pedotransfer functions with environmental data for estimating bulk density and effective cation exchange capacity in a data‐sparse situation          下载免费PDF全文

S. I. C. Akpa  S. U. Ugbaje  T. F. A. Bishop  I. O. A. Odeh 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(4):644-658

Soil bulk density (BD) and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) are among the most important soil properties required for crop growth and environmental management. This study aimed to explore the combination of soil and environmental data in developing pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for BD and ECEC. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest model (RFM) were employed in developing PTFs using three different data sets: soil data (PTF‐1), environmental data (PTF‐2) and the combination of soil and environmental data (PTF‐3). In developing the PTFs, three depth increments were also considered: all depth, topsoil (<0.40 m) and subsoil (>0.40 m). Results showed that PTF‐3 (R²; 0.29–0.69) outperformed both PTF‐1 (R²; 0.11–0.18) and PTF‐2 (R²; 0.22–0.59) in BD estimation. However, for ECEC estimation, PTF‐3 (R²; 0.61–0.86) performed comparably as PTF‐1 (R²; 0.58–0.76) with both PTFs out‐performing PTF‐2 (R²; 0.30–0.71). Also, grouping of data into different soil depth increments improves the estimation of BD with PTFs (especially PTF‐2 and PTF‐3) performing better at subsoils than topsoils. Generally, the most important predictors of BD are sand, silt, elevation, rainfall, temperature for estimation at topsoil while EVI, elevation, temperature and clay are the most important BD predictors in the subsoil. Also, clay, sand, pH, rainfall and SOC are the most important predictors of ECEC in the topsoil while pH, sand, clay, temperature and rainfall are the most important predictors of ECEC in the subsoil. Findings are important for overcoming the challenges of building national soil databases for large‐scale modelling in most data‐sparse countries, especially in the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).  相似文献