为探明不同胞质背景对杂种小麦面包JJD-r品质的影响,测定了4个强筋品种与4个中弱筋品种按NCⅡ设计配制的32个正反交组合及T型、K型、AL型、A型4种胞质背景的14个组合的F2籽粒的硬度、GMP含量,Zeleny沉淀值、面团流变学参数和面包体积等面包加工品质性状.结果表明:①强筋组亲本对除吸水率和评价值之外的其他面包加工品质性状均具有显著的有利于面包加工品质的普遍胞质效应;豫麦34、郑麦9023和陕优225在多个面包加工品质性状方面具有显著有利的一般胞质效应;陕优225的面包体积的一般胞质效应为14 mL,达到5%的显著水平.因此,在面包小麦育种中要注意安排强筋亲本作母本.②就面包体积而言,T型和K型不育胞质相对于A型胞质具有有利的一般胞质效应,AL型不育胞质与A型胞质相当.组合T-西农772 X AL-RI的T型不育胞质的个别胞质效应为60 mL,组合K-西农772 X T6-3的K型不育胞质的个别胞质效应为98 mL,且均达5%的显著水平.T,K和AL型不育胞质可用于面包小麦杂种优势利用. 相似文献
Abstract The effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment in Southwest Portugal were investigated. The fish community structure and habitat were surveyed at 10 sites pre- and post-flood. Overall species richness and rank abundances changed little after the flood, despite there being a consistent decline in the abundance of small cyprinids. Pre- and post-flood habitat correlates of abundance changed for at least some species, and variability in assemblage structure was associated with flood, depth and pH. These results indicate that extreme floods occurring early in the wet season may have little disruptive effects on the overall structure of native fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams, although may at least partially influence population dynamics for some species. Habitat quality and complexity are likely to play a role in mediating species responses to flooding. 相似文献
Herbicide treatments in viticulture can generate highly contrasting mosaics of vegetated and bare vineyards, of which vegetated fields often provide better conditions for biodiversity. In southern Switzerland, where herbicides are applied at large scales, vegetated vineyards are limited in extent and isolated from one another, potentially limiting the distribution and dispersal ability of organisms.
Objectives
We tested the separate and interactive effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on invertebrate abundance using a multi-scale framework, along with additional environmental factors. We identified which variables at which scales were most important in predicting patterns of invertebrate abundance.
Methods
We used a factorial design to sample across a gradient of habitat amount (area of vegetated vineyards, measured as percentage of landscape PLAND) and fragmentation (number of vegetated patches, measured as patch density PD). Using 10 different spatial scales, we identified the factors and scales that most strongly predicted invertebrate abundance and tested potential interactions between habitat amount and fragmentation.
Results
Habitat amount (PLAND index) was most important in predicting invertebrate numbers at a field scale (50 m radius). In contrast, we found a negative effect of fragmentation (PD) at a broad scale of 450 m radius, but no interactive effect between the two.
Conclusions
The spatial scales at which habitat amount and fragmentation affect invertebrates differ, underpinning the importance of spatially explicit study designs in disentangling the effects between habitat amount and configuration. We showed that the amount of vegetated vineyards has more influence on invertebrate abundance, but that fragmentation also contributed substantially. This suggests that efforts for augmenting the area of vegetated vineyards is more beneficial for invertebrate numbers than attempts to connect them.