A survey of northern Victorian dairy farmers to investigate dairy calf management: colostrum feeding and management          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Phipps  DS Beggs  AJ Murray  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):101-106

Objectives

To describe colostrum management practices carried out in northern Victorian dairy herds and to identify weaknesses in these areas that may affect calf health and welfare by comparing the results with the current industry recommendations

Methods

A questionnaire to obtain information about colostrum management and calf‐rearing practices was sent to commercial dairy farming clients of Rochester Veterinary Practice between June and September 2013. The questionnaire consisted of a general herd overview and colostrum harvesting practices.

Results

The response rate was 39% (58/150). Many dairy producers were not meeting the current industry recommendations in the following areas: (1) time of removal calf from the dam, (2) relying on calf suckling colostrum from the dam to achieve adequate passive transfer, (3) failing to supplement calves with colostrum, (4) feeding inadequate volumes of colostrum, (5) delayed colostrum harvesting, (6) pooling of colostrum, (7) failing to objectively assess colostrum quality or relying on visual assessment and (8) storing colostrum for a prolonged periods of time at ambient temperatures.

Conclusion

The results from this survey highlight the need for greater awareness of industry standards for colostrum management and feeding hygiene.

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Residues of zeta‐cypermethrin in bovine tissues and milk following pour‐on and spray application     

James T Rothwell  Thomas J Burnett  Kristina Hacket  Roderick Chevis  L Barry Lowe 《Pest management science》2001,57(11):993-999

The depletion of zeta‐cypermethrin residues in bovine tissues and milk was studied. Beef cattle were treated three times at 3‐week intervals with 1 ml 10 kg^?1 body weight of a 25 g litre^?1 or 50 g litre^?1 pour‐on formulation (2.5 and 5.0 mg zeta‐cypermethrin kg^?1 body weight) or 100 mg kg^?1 spray to simulate a likely worst‐case treatment regime. Friesian and Jersey dairy cows were treated once with 2.5 mg zeta‐cypermethrin kg^?1 in a pour‐on formulation. Muscle, liver and kidney residue concentrations were generally less than the limit of detection (LOD = 0.01 mg kg^?1). Residues in renal‐fat and back‐fat samples from animals treated with 2.5 mg kg^?1 all exceeded the limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.05 mg kg^?1), peaking at 10 days after treatment. Only two of five kidney fat samples were above the LOQ after 34 days, but none of the back‐fat samples exceeded the LOQ at 28 days after treatment. Following spray treatments, fat residues were detectable in some animals but were below the LOQ at all sampling intervals. Zeta‐cypermethrin was quantifiable (LOQ = 0.01 mg kg^?1) in only one whole‐milk sample from the Friesian cows (0.015 mg kg^?1, 2 days after treatment). In whole milk from Jersey cows, the mean concentration of zeta‐cypermethrin peaked 1 day after treatment, at 0.015 mg kg^?1, and the highest individual sample concentration was 0.025 mg kg^?1 at 3 days after treatment. Residues in milk were not quantifiable beginning 4 days after treatment. The mean concentrations of zeta‐cypermethrin in milk fat from Friesian and Jersey cows peaked two days after treatment at 0.197 mg kg^?1 and 0.377 mg kg^?1, respectively, and the highest individual sample concentrations were 2 days after treatment at 0.47 mg kg^?1 and 0.98 mg kg^?1, respectively. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Effect of Exposure to Heatwave During Blastocyst Formation on Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits     

F Marco‐Jiménez  C Naturil‐Alfonso  DS Peñaranda  E Jiménez‐Trigos  FJ García‐Diego  JS Vicente 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):629-635

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Development and validation of the maximal electro-shock seizure model in dogs     

Territo PR  Freise KJ  Newhall K  Barnhart SD  Peters SC  Engleking DR  Burnett TJ  Abdul-Karim B  Shannon HE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(6):508-515

The development and validation of the maximal electro-shock (MES) model using phenobarbital (Pb) as the positive control is described. This approach builds on previous work in rodent model systems, and has been adapted to dogs as a tool for pharmaceutical dose selection. Dogs, like rodents, exhibit generalized convulsions which manifest as progressive clinical signs in a dose (electrical current) dependent fashion. At the limit (300 mA, 200 msec) animals underwent clonic-tonic convulsions consistent with complete generalized (Grand Mal) seizures with a grade 3 clinical score (CS) and a menace response time of 98.5 +/- 24.4 sec (n = 8). Pretreatment of animals with Pb at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, in a 4-by-4 complete block crossover design (Latin-Square), resulted in a dose-dependant reduction in CS and menace response time. Estimates of plasma Pb concentration taken prior to MES induction showed a similar dose-dependent reduction in CS and menace response time with concentration. Using a cumulative logistic regression model, a predicted 50% probability of a CS = 1 was approximately 11.4 mg/kg. In addition, plasma Pb concentrations predicted a 50% probability of a CS = 1 occurs at plasma Pb concentration of approximately 16.0 mug/mL. Combined these data suggest that MES is a useful model for evaluating generalized convulsions in canines and may provide a tool for dose selection of novel pharmaceutical compounds.  相似文献   

Holocene mean uplift rates across an active plate-collision boundary in taiwan     

Wang CH  Burnett WC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,248(4952):204-206

Samples of Holocene fossil coral from uplifted reefs of three tectonically distinct, yet geographically proximal regions of Taiwan have been dated by uranium-series and (14)C isotopes. Applying corrections for altitude change caused by sea level fluctuations enables evaluation of long-term average Holocene uplift rates for three areas across an active convergent margin: (i) the Hengchun Peninsula of the Eurasian tectonic plate; (ii) the Eastern Coastal Range of Taiwan, a plate boundary; and (iii) two offshore islands, Lanyu and Lutao, both situated on the leading edge of the adjoining Philippine Plate. The data indicate that while all three areas have experienced uplift through the Holocene, plate collision has caused significantly higher uplift rates in the region directly along the plate boundary.  相似文献   

DDT residues: distribution of concentrations in Emerita analoga (stimpson) along coastal California     

R Burnett 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(9):606-608

The total concentrations (tDDT) of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl)ethane], DDD [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanel, and DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] in Emerita analoga from 19 California beaches reflect tDDT contamination nearby. Animals near the Los Angeles County sewer outfall contain over 45 times as much tDDT as animals near major agricultural drainage areas. Sediments near the outfall probably contain over 100 metric tons of tDDT-a reservoir for input into marine organisms. The effluent from a plant that manufactures DDT is a probable source.  相似文献   

Excitation Gap in the Normal State of Underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta     

AG Loeser  Z Shen  DS Dessau  DS Marshall  CH Park  P Fournier  A Kapitulnik 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5273):325-329

Angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal evidence of an energy gap in the normal state excitation spectrum of the cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. This gap exists only in underdoped samples and closes around the doping level at which the superconducting transition temperature Tc is a maximum. The momentum dependence and magnitude of the gap closely resemble those of the dx2-y2 gap observed in the superconducting state. This observation is consistent with results from several other experimental techniques, which also indicate the presence of a gap in the normal state. Some possible theoretical explanations for this effect are reviewed.  相似文献   

Constraints on neon and argon isotopic fractionation in solar wind     

Meshik A  Mabry J  Hohenberg C  Marrocchi Y  Pravdivtseva O  Burnett D  Olinger C  Wiens R  Reisenfeld D  Allton J  McNamara K  Stansbery E  Jurewicz AJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5849):433-435

To evaluate the isotopic composition of the solar nebula from which the planets formed, the relation between isotopes measured in the solar wind and on the Sun's surface needs to be known. The Genesis Discovery mission returned independent samples of three types of solar wind produced by different solar processes that provide a check on possible isotopic variations, or fractionation, between the solar-wind and solar-surface material. At a high level of precision, we observed no significant inter-regime differences in 20Ne/22Ne or 36Ar/38Ar values. For 20Ne/22Ne, the difference between low- and high-speed wind components is 0.24 +/- 0.37%; for 36Ar/38Ar, it is 0.11 +/- 0.26%. Our measured 36Ar/38Ar ratio in the solar wind of 5.501 +/- 0.005 is 3.42 +/- 0.09% higher than that of the terrestrial atmosphere, which may reflect atmospheric losses early in Earth's history.  相似文献   

Comparative degradation of [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in wheat and potato after Foliar application and in wheat, radish, lettuce, and apple after soil application     

Hamburg A  Puvanesarajah V  Burnett TJ  Barnekow DE  Premkumar ND  Smith GA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(1):146-155

The fate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied foliarly as the 2-ethylhexyl ester (EHE) to wheat and potatoes, to the soil as the dimethylamine (DMA) salt under apple tree canopies, and preplant as the free acid for wheat, lettuce, and radish was studied to evaluate metabolic pathways. Crop fractions analyzed for (14)C residues included wheat forage, straw, and grain; potato vine and tubers; and apple fruit. The primary metabolic pathway for foliar application in wheat is ester hydrolysis followed by the formation of base-labile 2,4-D conjugates. A less significant pathway for 2,4-D in wheat was ring hydroxylation to give NIH-shift products 2,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid (4-OH-2,5-D), 4-OH-2,3-D, and 5-OH-2,4-D both free and as acid-labile conjugates. The primary metabolic pathway in potato was again ester hydrolysis. 2,4-D acid was further transformed to 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-OH-2,5-D. For the soil applications, (14)C residues in the crops were low, and characterization of the (14)C residues indicated association with or incorporation into the biochemical matrix of the tissue. The degradative pathways observed in wheat are similar to those characterized in other intact plant studies but differ from those in studies in wheat cell suspension culture in that no amino acid conjugates were observed.  相似文献   

Growth and nitrogen fixation by subterranean clover in response to inoculation,molybdenum application and soil amendment with lime     

D.R. Coventry  J.R. Hirth  T.G. Reeves  V.F. Burnett 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1985,17(6):791-796

Liming an acid soil increased the yield and N content of subterranean clover in both field and glasshouse experiments. Application of Mo increased the N concentration of field-grown subterranean clover which corresponded with observed colour and growth differences, but did not change C₂H₂ reduction activity. Herbage Mo was not increased by liming, suggesting an absolute deficiency of Mo in these acid soils. In the glasshouse liming increased nodulation which increased the amount of N₂ fixed but the lime had no direct effect on nitrogenase activity as measured by C₂H₂ reduction. In the field both inoculation and lime application increased soil populations of R. trifolii, but clover yield was greater with liming alone than with inoculation alone, indicating the sensitivity of the host plant to soil acidity.  相似文献