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Bushman BS Phillips B Isbell T Ou B Crane JM Knapp SJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):7982-7987
Caneberries (Rubus spp. L.) are grown primarily throughout the Pacific Northwestern United States and Canada. Processing of caneberry fruit typically removes the seed, and the development of a value-added use of seeds could expand the market for caneberries and the profit margins for growers. An initial step toward the use of the seeds is a characterization of seed and oil. Our investigation has described compositional characteristics for seeds of five commonly grown caneberry species: red raspberry, black raspberry, boysenberry, Marion blackberry, and evergreen blackberry. Seeds from all five species had 6-7% protein and 11-18% oil. The oils contained 53-63% linoleic acid, 15-31% linolenic acid, and 3-8% saturated fatty acids. The two smaller seeded raspberry species had higher percentages of oil, the lowest amounts of saturated fatty acid, and the highest amounts of linolenic acid. Antioxidant capacities were detected both for whole seeds and for cold-pressed oils but did not correlate to total phenolics or tocopherols. Ellagitannins and free ellagic acid were the main phenolics detected in all five caneberry species and were approximately 3-fold more abundant in the blackberries and the boysenberry than in the raspberries. 相似文献
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Sonnenberg GF Monticelli LA Alenghat T Fung TC Hutnick NA Kunisawa J Shibata N Grunberg S Sinha R Zahm AM Tardif MR Sathaliyawala T Kubota M Farber DL Collman RG Shaked A Fouser LA Weiner DB Tessier PA Friedman JR Kiyono H Bushman FD Chang KM Artis D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6086):1321-1325
The mammalian intestinal tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are anatomically restricted to specific niches. However, the mechanisms that regulate anatomical containment remain unclear. Here, we show that interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are present in intestinal tissues of healthy mammals. Depletion of ILCs resulted in peripheral dissemination of commensal bacteria and systemic inflammation, which was prevented by administration of IL-22. Disseminating bacteria were identified as Alcaligenes species originating from host lymphoid tissues. Alcaligenes was sufficient to promote systemic inflammation after ILC depletion in mice, and Alcaligenes-specific systemic immune responses were associated with Crohn's disease and progressive hepatitis C virus infection in patients. Collectively, these data indicate that ILCs regulate selective containment of lymphoid-resident bacteria to prevent systemic inflammation associated with chronic diseases. 相似文献
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本文阐述了猪链球菌病的临床症状、实验室检验及防治方法，力求为科学防控猪链球菌病提供有益的探索和参考。 相似文献
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Wu GD Chen J Hoffmann C Bittinger K Chen YY Keilbaugh SA Bewtra M Knights D Walters WA Knight R Sinha R Gilroy E Gupta K Baldassano R Nessel L Li H Bushman FD Lewis JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):105-108
Diet strongly affects human health, partly by modulating gut microbiome composition. We used diet inventories and 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize fecal samples from 98 individuals. Fecal communities clustered into enterotypes distinguished primarily by levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella. Enterotypes were strongly associated with long-term diets, particularly protein and animal fat (Bacteroides) versus carbohydrates (Prevotella). A controlled-feeding study of 10 subjects showed that microbiome composition changed detectably within 24 hours of initiating a high-fat/low-fiber or low-fat/high-fiber diet, but that enterotype identity remained stable during the 10-day study. Thus, alternative enterotype states are associated with long-term diet. 相似文献
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Chandra S. Thammina Keenan Amundsen Shaun B. Bushman Matthew Kramer Scott E. Warnke 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(4):1059-1070
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv., commonly known as poverty oatgrass, is a perennial bunch-type grass native to North America. D. spicata is often found in low input turfgrass areas on the East Coast of the United States and has potential for development as a new native low input turfgrass species. Roche 454 sequenced randomly sheared genomic DNA reads of D. spicata were mined for SSR markers using the MIcroSAtellite identification tool. A total of 66,553 singlet sequences (approximately 37.5 Mbp) were examined, and 3454 SSR markers were identified. Trinucleotide motifs with greater than six repeats and possessing unique PCR priming sites within the genome, as determined by Primer-BLAST, were evaluated visually for heterozygosity and mutation consistent with stepwise evolution using CLC Genomics software. Sixty-three candidate markers were selected for testing from the trinucleotide SSR marker sites meeting these in silico criteria. Ten primer pairs that amplified polymorphic loci in preliminary experiments were used to screen 91 individual plants composed of at least 3–5 plants from each of 23 different locations. The primer pairs amplified 54 alleles ranging in size from 71 to 246 bp. Minimum and maximum numbers of alleles per locus were two and 12, respectively, with an average of 5.4. A dendrogram generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was in agreement with the grouping obtained by Structure v2.3. The analyses were dominated by clonal groupings and lack evidence for gene flow with some alleles present in a single plant from a single location. Fourteen multilocus genotype groups were observed providing strong evidence for asexual reproduction in the studied D. spicata populations. 相似文献
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Kishor Bhattarai B. Shaun Bushman Douglas A. Johnson John G. Carman 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(6):696-706
Few North American legumes are available for rangeland revegetation in the semiarid western United States. Western prairie clover (Dalea ornata [Douglas ex Hook.] Eaton & J. Wright) is a perennial legume with desirable forage characteristics and is distributed in the northern Great Basin, Snake River Basin, and southern Columbia Plateau. Understanding the genetic and ecotypic variability of this species is a prerequisite for developing populations suitable for revegetation purposes. To address this need, we established two common-garden plots of western prairie clover from 22 sites in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Significant variation was detected among the collections for all traits measured. Among the measured traits, flowering date was correlated with collection-site temperature and elevation. Population structure estimates from 474 amplified-fragment length polymorphism markers resulted in two distinct, genetically differentiated groups and a third admixed group, and flowering date played a significant role in discriminating those genetic-based groupings of collections. Positive correlations were observed between phenotypic and genetic distance matrices (r = 0.33, P = 0.005), phenotypic and geographic distance matrices (r = 0.35, P = 0.002), and genetic and geographic distance matrices (r = 0.31, P = 0.009). Based on these results, we recommend that two germplasm sources of western prairie clover be developed for use across the collection area, one from the Deschutes River region and the other encompassing Idaho, Washington, and eastern Oregon collection sites. 相似文献
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CC Pérez‐Marín FD Requena A Arando L Requena F Requena EI Agüera 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):534-544
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various abiotic factors, such as light, physical stress (pipetting) and thermal shock, on the quality of fresh and cooled equine sperm. In experiment I, four sperm aliquots were subjected to different light exposures: (i) protected control samples (CTRL), (ii) exposed to UV light at 10 cm (UV10), (iii) exposed to UV light at 20 cm (UV20) and (iv) exposed to laboratory lighting (LAB). In experiment II, four semen aliquots were subjected to repeated pipetting for 0, 10, 20 and 30 times (CTRL, P10, P20 and P30, respectively). In experiment III, four semen aliquots at 15°C were subjected to thermal oscillations: (i) cooled control sperm at 15°C (CTRL), (ii) oscillations of 1.9°C/min to a temperature of 30°C (T30), (iii) oscillations of 1.4°C/min, with the temperature rapidly falling until reaching 1.3°C (T0R) and (iv) oscillations of 1.1°C/min, with the temperature slowly falling until reaching 4.2°C (T0S). The results revealed that after 30 min, UV10 and UV20 sperm samples showed significantly (p < .05) lower total and progressive motility values, sperm kinematic parameters and mitochondrial potential. After 45 min of exposure, differences were highly significant (p < .001). No significant differences (p > .05) were found for pipetting or thermal oscillations. The results suggest that, even if equine sperm samples are not handled in the laboratory under optimal conditions, fresh and cooled equine spermatozoa are able to resist the impact of various abiotic stimuli without any reduction in their quality. This study analyses the effect on normospermic samples, but future research could look at the tolerance that asthenozoospermic equine samples have to these abiotic influences. 相似文献