Identification of resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection in cotton germplasm     

J. Moore  K. Rajasekaran  J. Cary 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(5):727-741

Natural resistance in cottonseed to Aspergillus flavus infection has not been explored to date. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing A. flavus strain was used to assess the resistance of seed from 35 cotton varieties from Gossypium arboreum, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum. Mature cotyledons devoid of seed coat were wounded, inoculated, and assessed for innate resistance to A. flavus infection. Of the initial 35 varieties tested, we observed a range of resistance to infection in representatives of all three species. A subset of 15 representatives was further analyzed. Within this group, G. arboreum cultivar A2 186 and G. hirsutum cultivar SA 1582 were most resistant to fungal infection. The most susceptible cultivar in this group was G. hirsutum SA 1595. The remaining 12 representatives tested in the secondary screen (3 G. arboreum, 3 G. barbadense, and 6 G. hirsutum lines) exhibited intermediate resistance. We did not observe any relationship between species and resistance. Within each species, there was a range of responses to fungal infection. Future studies using this methodology to screen additional diploid and tetraploid cotton lines may enable us to identify naturally resistant germplasm that can be used to develop cotton with enhanced resistance to fungal infection.  相似文献   

Anesthesia case of the month. Evaluation and treatment of suspected squamous cell carcinoma of the third eyelid     

Cary JA  Hellyer PW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(6):790-792

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Comparison of the Sensitivity of Landscape-fire-succession Models to Variation in Terrain, Fuel Pattern, Climate and Weather   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Geoffrey J. Cary  Robert E. Keane  Robert H. Gardner  Sandra Lavorel  Mike D. Flannigan  Ian D. Davies  Chao Li  James M. Lenihan  T. Scott Rupp  Florent Mouillot 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(1):121-137

The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of modelled area burned to environmental factors across a range of independently-developed landscape-fire-succession models. The sensitivity of area burned to variation in four factors, namely terrain (flat, undulating and mountainous), fuel pattern (finely and coarsely clumped), climate (observed, warmer & wetter, and warmer & drier) and weather (year-to-year variability) was determined for four existing landscape-fire-succession models (EMBYR, FIRESCAPE, LANDSUM and SEM-LAND) and a new model implemented in the LAMOS modelling shell (LAMOS(DS)). Sensitivity was measured as the variance in area burned explained by each of the four factors, and all of the interactions amongst them, in a standard generalised linear modelling analysis. Modelled area burned was most sensitive to climate and variation in weather, with four models sensitive to each of these factors and three models sensitive to their interaction. Models generally exhibited a trend of increasing area burned from observed, through warmer and wetter, to warmer and drier climates with a 23-fold increase in area burned, on average, from the observed to the warmer, drier climate. Area burned was sensitive to terrain for FIRESCAPE and fuel pattern for EMBYR. These results demonstrate that the models are generally more sensitive to variation in climate and weather as compared with terrain complexity and fuel pattern, although the sensitivity to these latter factors in a small number of models demonstrates the importance of representing key processes. The models that represented fire ignition and spread in a relatively complex fashion were more sensitive to changes in all four factors because they explicitly simulate the processes that link these factors to area burned. The US Government's and the Canadian Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license is acknowledged  相似文献   

Cytotoxic Effects of Loperamide Hydrochloride on Canine Cancer Cells     

Rebecca Cohen REGAN  Robert Michael GOGAL  Jr  James Perry BARBER  Richard Cary TUCKFIELD  Elizabeth Wynne HOWERTH  Jessica Ann LAWRENCE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1563-1568

Loperamide is a peripheral opiate agonist that can cause apoptosis and G2/M arrest in human cancer cell lines and may sensitize cells to chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of loperamide on viability, apoptosis and cell cycle kinetics in canine cancer cells and to establish whether the drug sensitizes cells to doxorubicin. Cell viability was assessed using Alamar Blue. Cell death and cell cycle were studied using flow cytometry with 7-Aminoactinomycin-D (7-AAD) and propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Loperamide decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent fashion and was most effective against canine osteosarcoma cells. In all cell lines, it induced a dose and time dependent apoptosis and resulted in accumulation in G0/G1. When co-incubated with doxorubicin, loperamide induced a synergistic cell kill in canine carcinoma cells. Investigation is warranted into the role of loperamide in the treatment of canine cancer.  相似文献   

Confirmation of vertical transmission of bovine immunodeficiency virus in naturally infected dairy cattle using the polymerase chain reaction.     

Cary A Moody  G Todd Pharr  Joey Murphey  Marian B Hughlett  Carroll C Weaver  Phillip D Nelson  Karen S Coats 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(2):113-119

The purpose of this study was to determine whether bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is vertically transmitted in naturally infected dairy cattle. Twenty-two dam/calf pairs from a Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station dairy were the study group. Blood samples were collected following delivery of calves, the peripheral blood leukocytes were purified from these samples, and the leukocyte DNA was used in polymerase chain reactions targeting the pol gene region of the BIV provirus. Southern blotting and hybridization were used to confirm the BIV specificity of the amplified fragments. BIV provirus was detected in 14 of 22 calves (64%), demonstrating vertical transmission. Eight of the calves were disqualified from the final interpretation of transplacental transfer because they may have nursed their mothers prior to blood collection, allowing the possibility of lactogenic transfer of the virus. Transplacental transmission of BIV was identified in 6 of 22 calves (27%).  相似文献   

Inheritance of fiber quality and lint yield in a chemically mutated population of cotton   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andy D. Herring  Dick L. Auld  M. Dean Ethridge  Eric F. Hequet  E. Bechere  Cary J. Green  Roy G. Cantrell 《Euphytica》2004,136(3):333-339

The narrow germplasm base of the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), grown on the Texas high plains historically, has limited improvement of fiber quality. Chemical mutagenesis and subsequent selection have helped the development of lines with improved fiber quality in cultivars adapted to this region. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of improvements in fiber quality. M₃ lines with divergent fiber properties of micronaire, length, and strength were selected from a population of Paymaster HS 200 treated with 3% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for two hours. The 115 selected lines of M₄ and M₅ generation were evaluated for fiber quality and lint yield. Regression of the M₄ and M₅ on the M₃ generation, as well as the M₅ on the M₄ was used to generate narrow sense heritability coefficients. Significant variations were observed between the mutant lines in all generations except for lint yield in the M₅ (1997). The highest heritability estimates were found in fiber length (h ²= 0.29** to 0.46**). Micronaire and strength showed intermediate heritability estimates of h ²= 0.14 to 0.19, while lint yield had a very low heritability estimate of h ²= 0.03. Fiber length and strength were correlated (r= 0.58** to 0.46**) in all the three generations. The mutants identified in these studies have the potential to improve fiber quality of upland cotton without introducing alien genes that may reduce adaptation to short growing season production regions.  相似文献   

Accessing genetic resources: international law establishes multilateral system     

Cary Fowler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(6):609-620

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is rapidly gathering sufficient ratifications to become international law. Once it enters into force, it will define the rules for access and benefit-sharing associated with most genetic resources of major food crops. This paper explains how the new Multilateral System established by the Treaty will work, and points out a number of ambiguities and problems in the text. Despite these shortcomings, the Treaty provides the international community of researchers, plant breeders, and farmers with an opportunity to foster cooperation and further the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.  相似文献   

Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness     

Michailov GV  Sereda MW  Brinkmann BG  Fischer TM  Haug B  Birchmeier C  Role L  Lai C  Schwab MH  Nave KA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5671):700-703

In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.  相似文献   

Nickel: an essential micronutrient for legumes and possibly all higher plants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eskew DL  Welch RM  Cary EE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4624):621-623

Soybean plants deprived of nickel accumulated toxic concentrations of urea (2.5 percent) in necrotic lesions on their leaflet tips. This occurred regardless of whether the plants were supplied with inorganic nitrogen or were dependent on nitrogen fixation. Nickel deprivation resulted in delayed nodulation and in a reduction of early growth. Addition of nickel (1 microgram per liter) to the nutrient media prevented urea accumulation, necrosis, and growth reductions. This evidence suggests that nickel is essential for soybeans and possibly for higher plants in general.  相似文献   

Sharing agriculture's genetic bounty     

Fowler C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5579):157

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