东欧国家的养兔生产     

Colin  M 陶兵荣 《农业科技译丛(杭州)》1994,(1):35-40

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4种食用植物油脂三级中红外光谱鉴别研究     

郑雨倩  张巧云  付俊杰  王鑫鹏  申澳  于宏伟 《农产品质量与安全》2018,(5)

在4 000～600 cm~(-1)的频率范围内,采用一维及二阶导数中红外光谱技术,研究解析了豆油、花生油、玉米油和橄榄油等4种食用植物油脂的结构。实验发现,食用植物油脂同时存在着CH_3不对称伸缩振动模式(ν_(as CH3)),CH_2不对称伸缩振动模式(ν_(asCH2)),CH_3对称伸缩振动模式(ν_(sCH3)),CH_2对称伸缩振动模式(ν_(sCH2)),C=O伸缩振动模式(ν_(C=O)),CH_2弯曲振动模式(δ_(CH2)),CH_3对称弯曲振动模式(δ_(sCH3)),C-O-C伸缩振动模式(ν_(C-O-C)),CH_2平面摇摆振动模式(ρ_(CH2))等。研究发现,采用一维及二阶导数中红外光谱难以鉴别区分上述4种食用植物油脂。为此,依次研究解析了4种食用植物油脂的二维中红外光谱,包括ν_(asCH3)、ν_(asCH2)、νs_(CH3)、ν_(sCH2)、ν_(C=O)、δ_(CH2)、δ_(sCH3)、ν_(C-O-C)和ρ_(CH2)等。实验发现,以ρ_(CH2)为研究对象,在780～700 cm~(-1)的频率范围内,采用二维中红外光谱技术可以有效鉴别4种食用植物油脂。本项研究拓展了三级中红外光谱技术在食用植物油脂鉴别的应用范围。  相似文献   

基于GIS平台的继电保护整定计算数值管理     

李爱华  卿澳  象阳  张海梁 《中国农村水利水电》2007,(3):66-68,71

介绍了一种以MS ACCESS为关联数据库,利用GIS图形平台对继电保护整定计算程序中的数据进行管理的方法。使得GIS图形平台可以根据需要从数据库中读取数据,这些数据包括可视化绘图时输入的电力元件的属性数据。继电保护程序故障计算、整定计算后存储在数据库中结果,并在地理图形平台上显示。实现数据和图形的统一,提高继电保护整定计算的直观性,改善电力系统的管理水平。  相似文献   

A decision-support system for Salmonella in broiler-chicken flocks     

Rose N  Mariani JP  Drouin P  Toux JY  Rose V  Colin P 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,59(1-2):27-42

We built a decision-support system to assess the risk of contamination of chicken-broiler flocks by Salmonella at the end of the rearing period. This system was developed from the survey data from 85 chicken-broiler flocks located in western France. First, we estimated the probability of contamination of the house by Salmonella before placement of day-old chicks via a cleansing inspection using a visual-inspection grid, a decontamination evaluation using count-plates, and risk factors for Salmonella persistence in the barn after cleansing and disinfection. Second, we estimated (using a logistic model) the probability of prevalent contamination of the flock by Salmonella at the end of the rearing period. Validation was carried out on 60 flocks selected from seven production companies in western France. The risk estimated by the model was compared to the Salmonella status of the flock (gold standard) assessed by samples taken from the environment of the broilers and analysed with classical bacteriological methods. The sensitivity was 97.8% and the specificity 64.3%.  相似文献   

In utero programming of sexually differentiated gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion     

Robinson JE  Birch RA  Taylor JA  Foster DL  Padmanabhan V 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2002,23(1-2):43-52

It has long been recognised that steroids can have both organisational and activational effects on the reproductive neuroendocrine axis of many species, including the sheep. Specifically, if the ovine foetus is exposed to testosterone during a relatively short 'window' of in utero development (from approximately day 30-90 of a 147 day pregnancy) the neural mechanisms regulating gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion become organised in a male-specific manner. In post-natal life the consequences of foetal androgen exposure are sexually differentiated responses of the GnRH neuronal network to activation by factors such as photoperiod and ovarian steroid hormones. Studies in the gonadectomized lamb have demonstrated that elevated concentrations of oestrogen (E) are unable to trigger a preovulatory-like GnRH surge in the male and the androgenized ewe lamb. Further, these animals have markedly reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory actions of progesterone on tonic GnRH release compared with normal ewes. The reasons for these abnormal steroid feedback mechanisms may reside in sexually dimorphic inputs to the GnRH neurone, including those from oestrogen-receptive neurones in the arcuate nucleus that synthetize the neuropeptide, neurokinin B (NKB). The consequences of in utero androgen exposure are reflected in a progressive and dramatic impairment of fertility in the ovary-intact ewe.  相似文献   

Concentrations of trace minerals in the spinal cord of horses with equine motor neuron disease     

Polack EW  King JM  Cummings JF  Mohammed HO  Birch M  Cronin T 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(6):609-611

OBJECTIVE: To compare concentrations of trace minerals in the spinal cord of horses with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) with those of horses without neurologic disease (control horses). ANIMALS: 24 horses with EMND and 22 control horses. PROCEDURE: Spinal cord trace mineral concentrations in horses with EMND and control horses were analyzed by use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, and chromium), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (lead and cadmium), flameless atomic absorption (mercury), and fluorometry (selenium). RESULTS: Copper concentration was significantly higher in the spinal cord of horses with EMND, compared with control horses; spinal cord concentrations of all other trace minerals were similar between groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Among spinal cord trace minerals investigated in the study, only copper concentrations were significantly different between horses with EMND and horses without neurologic disease, which suggests that copper may be involved in the pathogenesis of EMND. An hypothesis of oxidative injury in this disease is supported by the finding of increased copper concentrations in the spinal cord and by low vitamin E concentrations reported by other researchers.  相似文献   

灌溉量和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米产量及水肥利用的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张俊  王小昌  崔晓路  李澳旗  赵璐  胡田田 《干旱地区农业研究》2024,(1):123-132

为探究水分和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米生长及水肥利用的综合影响，通过设置40 mm（W1）和60 mm（W2）两个灌水水平下不施氮肥（N0）、施用氮肥（U）、氮肥+硝化抑制剂（U+DCD）、氮肥+脲酶抑制剂（U+NBPT）、氮肥+双效抑制剂（U+N+D）5种氮肥施用措施，开展夏玉米田间试验。结果表明：相较于施用氮肥处理，氮肥配施增效剂可以显著提高夏玉米产量、成熟期地上生物量、净收益、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力，增幅分别为5.92%~13.82%、5.85%~18.07%、11.12%~24.30%、12.35%~41.83%和5.93%~13.80%，其中氮肥配施双效抑制剂效果较优；氮肥配施脲酶抑制剂和双效抑制剂可以降低夏玉米农田土壤氨挥发累积量和成熟期土壤硝态氮残留量，前者效果最优。相比于W1，W2水平下氮肥配施双效抑制剂处理玉米产量、成熟期地上生物量、净收益、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高10.54%、15.51%、19.40%、20.31%和27.36%；氮肥配施脲酶抑制剂处理农田土壤氨挥发累积量和硝态氮残留量分别降低11.33%和48.46%。综合考虑夏玉米施肥灌水方案的经济效益、环境效益、水肥利用效率和玉米植株生长，构建模糊综合评价体系，得到最优处理为灌水量60 mm下氮肥配施双效抑制剂。  相似文献   

农户稻虾种养模式采纳意愿与行为悖离影响因素分析——以江苏省为例     

王泓宇  王澳雪  张煊悦  朱利群 《安徽农业科学》2022,50(1):234-239

当前,在大力推广生态农业的背景下,稻虾种养模式已成为稻田综合种养模式的代表。基于江苏省盱眙县、泗洪县、泗阳县等10个县(市、区),以稻虾种养主要区域作为样本调研地点,通过Logistics模型与ISM模型结合,分析影响农户稻虾种养模式采纳意愿与行为悖离的因素,并进一步分析各影响因素之间的逻辑层次关系。从而根据分析情况提出相关建议,改善稻虾种养模式发展和推广现状,促进农民增收和农业可持续发展。  相似文献   

种植型家庭农场的经营效率测度分析--基于安徽省352个家庭农场数据     

陈澳  栾敬东  秦江城 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,(2)

基于对安徽省352个种植型家庭农场的实地调研,将其整体划分成为粮食类、果蔬类、药材类,通过构造三阶段DEA模型分别对各类农场的经营效率进行测度分析。结果发现:种植型家庭农场的经营效率在整体上仍存在提升空间,利用SFA模型将管理效率、外部环境和随机干扰项剥离具有合理性,实证分析得出农场主年龄、文化程度、农技培训次数、种植补贴、土地流转费用、农场距离、是否受灾、区域生产总值等八个环境变量对农场经营效率具有显著影响;同时,各环境变量对不同类别种植型家庭农场的表现作用存在不同。在此基础上提出根据需求决定是否扩大粮食类家庭农场经营规模,同步提升果蔬类家庭农场生产经营规模和生产技术能力,持续引导药材类家庭农场瞄准前沿科技实现高质量发展。  相似文献   

家禽营养中的烟酸   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Colin Whitehead  李武  李宜 《中国畜牧兽医》2002,29(2):18-21

烟酸 ,又称尼克酸 ,是家禽营养中一个经常被遗忘的维生素。随着禽类遗传潜力的提高 ,有必要根据种类、生产性能和日粮基础成分来重新评估烟酸在日粮中的添加水平。烟酸是氧化还原反应的辅助因子 ,生长家禽缺乏烟酸会使生产性能降低、皮肤损伤、腿骨缩短和跗关节肿大 ,成年蛋鸡的产蛋量和孵化率降低。存在于谷物饲料中的烟酸大多是不能利用的 ,但有关烟酸生物学利用率的数据有限 ,需要更多方面的资料。肉鸡获得最佳生产性能所需烟酸添加量的估计值变化范围很广。但最新的研究结果显示 ,饲喂以小麦为基础日粮的肉鸡 ,烟酸的添加水平最高可达 1…  相似文献