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Antoine Affokpon Danny L. Coyne Rufin Dossou Agbèdè Jozef Coosemans 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(3):600-608
Seventeen isolates of the free-living soil fungus Trichoderma spp., collected from Meloidogyne spp. infested vegetable fields and infected roots in Benin, were screened for their rhizosphere competence and antagonistic potential against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, in greenhouse pot experiments on tomato. The five isolates expressing greatest reproductive ability and nematode suppression in pots were further assessed in a typical double-cropping system of tomato and carrot in the field in Benin. All seventeen isolates were re-isolated from both soil and roots at eight weeks after application, with no apparent crop growth penalty. In pots, a number of isolates provided significant nematode control compared with untreated controls. Field assessment demonstrated significant inhibition of nematode reproduction, suppression of root galling and an increase of tomato yield compared with the non-fungal control treatments. Trichoderma asperellum T-16 suppressed second stage juvenile (J2) densities in roots by up to 80%; Trichoderma brevicompactum T-3 suppressed egg production by as much as 86%. Tomato yields were improved by over 30% following the application of these biocontrol agents, especially T. asperellum T-16. Although no significant effects were observed on carrot galling and yield, soil J2 densities were suppressed in treated plots, by as much as 94% (T. asperellum T-12), compared with the non-fungal controls. This study provides the first information on the potential of West-African Trichoderma spp. isolates for use against root-knot nematodes in vegetable production systems. The results are highly encouraging, demonstrating their strong potential as an alternative and complementary crop protection component. 相似文献
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Bart Lievens Kristien Vaes Jozef Coosemans Jaak Ryckeboer 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):221-229
Disease control with compost often is attributed to four factors including competition, antibiosis, parasitism and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Induction of systemic resistance by source separated household waste and yard trimmings compost against Pythium root rot of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in a split-root bioassay. Split-root pairings were tested in root rot potting soil paired with potting soil, compost-amended potting soil suppressive to root rot paired with the potting soil, and compost-amended potting soil paired with the compost-amended potting soil. Only one side of the split roots was infested with P. ultimum. Root rot, based on dry and fresh root weights, was significantly reduced in split roots of plants produced in the conducive infested potting soil paired with the suppressive yard trimmings compost-amended mix. This suggested that systemic effects were induced in the roots by the suppressive compost against Pythium root rot. Growth of transplants germinated in the source separated household waste compost mix was significantly better than those germinated in the potting soil. Finally, root rot of plants germinated in the suppressive mix and then transplanted into the conducive mix was also significantly less severe than that of plants germinated in the conducive mix. 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌在促进番茄生长和控制青枯病上的比较优势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在离体条件下对47个芽孢杆菌分离物进行了抑制番茄青枯病菌测定,其中12个表现良好的抑菌能力,通过细菌学和Biolog分析将其中5个代表性拮抗菌分别鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌,其中枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的抑菌能力最强,解淀粉芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌菌株其次.同时在温室条件下测定这5个芽孢杆菌拮抗菌促进番茄生长和诱导番茄对青枯病的抗性效果.用芽孢杆菌处理番茄种子能够有效地控制番茄青枯病,通过测定种子萌发,植株生长高度以及鲜重和干重表明芽孢杆菌的大多数分离物能够促进植物生长,同时这5个芽孢杆菌拮抗菌比对照显著地减少了青枯病的发病率,然而, 促生和病害抑制的效果因不同的菌株而异.其中枯草芽孢杆菌拮抗菌株不仅是良好的促生剂,也是有效的抗性诱导剂,它能减少青枯病80%,充分显示了芽孢杆菌在番茄青枯病治理上的潜在重要性. 相似文献
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Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderna spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam 
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下载免费PDF全文 Duong Minh Jozef Coosemans Le Lam Cuong Ester Vandersmissen Pham Van Kim 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):392-392
The local isolates of Trichoderrma spp. and Fusariun solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch's postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderna spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta. 相似文献
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Effectiveness of native West African arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in protecting vegetable crops against root-knot nematodes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Antoine Affokpon Louis Lawouin Colette Tossou Rufin Dossou Agbèdè Jozef Coosemans 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(2):207-217
Twenty strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), native to West Africa, and three commercial AMF, were evaluated for
their protective effect against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., in pots and field experiments in Benin. In pots, these strains were assessed in sterilized soil following inoculation
of nematodes and in non-sterilized soil naturally infested with nematodes using tomato. The four strains showing greatest
potential in suppressing nematode development were further assessed in the field with a relatively high natural infestation
level of nematodes (155 per 100 cm3 soil) over a tomato–carrot double cropping. In the pot experiments, most native strains provided significant suppression
of nematode multiplication and root galling, but in most cases the level of nematode control depends on either sterilized
or non-sterilized soils. In the field experiments, application of AMF mostly resulted in significant suppression of nematode
multiplication and root galling damage on both crops indicating that the AMF persists and remains protective against root-knot
nematodes over two crop cycles. Field application of AMF increased tomato yields by 26% and carrot yields by over 300% compared
with the non-AMF control treatments. This study demonstrates for the first time, the protective effect of indigenous West
African AMF against root-knot nematodes on vegetables. The potential benefits of developing non-pesticide AMF-based pest management
options for the intensive urban vegetable systems are evident. 相似文献
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Anaerobic digestion is becoming a more common method for treatment of organic wastes. Little is known, however, about the effects of this process on the fate of plant pathogens and seeds. Therefore, the fates of the plant pathogens Plasmodiophora brassicae, Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne incognita, Ralstonia solanacearum, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato seeds were followed during anaerobic digestion of source separated household wastes. With the exception of TMV, all test organisms were destroyed to below detectable limits within one day of anaerobic digestion at 52°C. Two days of anaerobic digestion did not reduce the concentration of TMV. However, two days of anaerobic digestion followed by 19 days of high temperature composting at 58°C reduced the concentration of infectious TMV particles by a factor of almost three orders. Anaerobic digestion followed by 12 days of composting at 68°C was even more effective. Although TMV concentrations were not eliminated entirely, we conclude that short-term high temperature anaerobic digestion followed by high temperature composting is a highly efficient process for the eradication of detrimental agents from solid wastes. 相似文献
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