Primary tonsillar mast cell tumour in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

CC Shekell  MJ Thomson  RI Miller  JT Mackie 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(5):184-187

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THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION ON HEREFORD HEIFERS IN LATE PREGNANCY     

G.A. Kroker  L. J. Cummins 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(10):467-474

Two experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of attempting to control dystocia in Hereford heifers by restricting nutrition during late pregnancy. Nutritional level was controlled by varying feedlot rations in experiment 1 and by varying pasture availability in experiment 2. In neither experiment was the incidence of dystocia or stillbirths significantly affected by level of nutrition during late pregnancy. Calf birthweight was reduced and dam pelvic growth was retarded when the feed intake of heifers was restricted prior to calving. Clear evidence of the dangers associated with allowing heifers to lose too much weight in late pregnancy was provided by these experiments. The loss of around 0.5 kg/day during the last trimester of pregnancy was associated with weak labour, increase dystocia rates, increased perinatal mortality, reduced calf growth rate, prolonged post partum anoestrus and a reduced pregnancy rate (not all statistically significant differences). These effects were not evident in heifers which were maintaining or gaining weight at a moderate rate during late pregnancy. On the basis of this work it is suggested that heifers should be fed to allow modest rates of bodyweight gain (0--0.5 kg/day) during late pregnancy.  相似文献   

Otto Martin Radostits 1934 – 2006     

DC Blood  CC Gay  KW Hinchcliff  PD Constable 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(6):231-231

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Efficacy of avermectin B₁ given orally against equine intestinal strongyles and Onchocera microfilaria     

TD MOGG †  CC POLLITT  JP WILLMORE  H. THOMPSON ‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(11):399-401

Three groups of horses and ponies (N = 13, 13 and 12) were treated with ivermectin paste (0.2 mg/kg p.o.), avermectin B1 solution (0.2 mg/kg p.o.), or fenbendazole suspension (10 mg/kg via nasogastric tube). The avermectin B1 was a 1% solution in a propylene glycolglycerol formal base. Faecal strongyle egg counts were performed before, and 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 d, after treatment. Full-thickness skin biopsies from the neck, pectoral and umbilical regions were examined for Onchocera microfilaria before treatment, and again 14 and 70 d later. Ivermectin therapy produced a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in mean strongyle egg counts 14, 28, 42 and 56 d after treatment. Avermectin B1 therapy resulted in significant (P less than 0.01) decreases in mean strongyle egg counts 14, 28 and 42 d after treatment. All horses given ivermectin or avermectin B1 had zero strongyle egg counts 14 and 28 d after treatment. Fenbendazole failed to significantly decrease strongyle egg counts. Both ivermectin and avermectin B1 resulted in zero microfilaria counts in all horses 14 d after treatment. On day 70 the percentage decrease in microfilaria counts were 100% and 99.6% respectively. Fenbendazole failed to significantly decrease microfilaria counts. The oral administration of this formulation of avermectin B1 appeared to be highly efficacious against intestinal strongyles and Onchocera microfilaria. The duration of anti-strongyle activity was, however, significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter than that of ivermectin paste.  相似文献   

An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

T Chinkangsadarn  GJ Wilson  RM Greer  CC Pollitt  PS Bird 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(6):189-194

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Monitoring distances travelled by horses using GPS tracking collars     

BA Hampson  JM Morton  PC Mills  MG Trotter  DW Lamb  CC Pollitt 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(5):176-181

Objective The aims of this work were to (1) develop a low-cost equine movement tracking collar based on readily available components, (2) conduct preliminary studies assessing the effects of both paddock size and internal fence design on the movements of domestic horses, with and without foals at foot, and (3) describe distances moved by mares and their foals. Additional monitoring of free-ranging feral horses was conducted to allow preliminary comparisons with the movement of confined domestic horses. Procedures A lightweight global positioning system (GPS) data logger modified from a personal/vehicle tracker and mounted on a collar was used to monitor the movement of domestic horses in a range of paddock sizes and internal fence designs for 6.5-day periods. Results In the paddocks used (0.8–16 ha), groups of domestic horses exhibited a logarithmic response in mean daily distance travelled as a function of increasing paddock size, tending asymptotically towards approximately 7.5 km/day. The distance moved by newborn foals was similar to their dams, with total distance travelled also dependent on paddock size. Without altering available paddock area, paddock design, with the exception of a spiral design, did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled. Feral horses (17.9 km/day) travelled substantially greater mean daily distances than domestic horses (7.2 km/day in 16-ha paddock), even when allowing for larger paddock size. Conclusions Horses kept in stables or small yards and paddocks are quite sedentary in comparison with their feral relatives. For a given paddock area, most designs did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled.  相似文献   

Learned histamine release   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M Russell  K A Dark  R W Cummins  G Ellman  E Callaway  H V Peeke 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4663):733-734

Most of the effort directed at understanding the problems of allergy has focused on the interacting components of the immune system. The possibility that histamine may be released as a learned response has now been tested. In a classical conditioning procedure in which an immunologic challenge was paired with the presentation of an odor, guinea pigs showed a plasma histamine increase when presented with the odor alone. This suggests that the immune response can be enhanced through activity of the central nervous system.  相似文献   

Quantitative exposure assessment for the combustion of meat and bone meal derived from specified risk material in the context of BSE in Ireland     

Cummins EJ  Grace PM  Fry DJ  McDonnell KP  Colgan SF  Ward SM 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2002,8(4):365-383

The probability and severity of an adverse event can be analyzed by quantitative exposure assessment (QEA). This methodology was applied to model the human health risks associated with the combustion of specified risk material (SRM) derived meat and bone meal (MBM) in a combustion facility. The identification of MBM and SRM as significant factors in the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has resulted in restrictions on their use and movement, and this has led to a requirement for alternative end-uses for these products. A stochastic (Latin Hypercube sampling) simulation model was developed to assess the exposure and hence the risks associated with the use of SRM-derived MBM in a combustion facility. The model simulates the potential infectivity pathways that SRM-derived MBM follows, including its production from animals potentially infected with sub-clinical BSE and subsequent processing of the material with segregation and heat treatments. A failure probability was included to take account of sub-optimal operating conditions. Two scenarios, reflecting the infectivity risk in different animal tissues as defined by the European Commission's scientific steering committee (SSC), were performed with 100,000 iterations of the model. Model results showed that the societal exposure to humans resulting from the combustion of SRM-derived MBM is extremely small (mean values ranging from 7.57 x 10(-6) ID50/year to 8.38 x 10(-5) ID50/year). The resulting societal risks are significantly less than the background societal risk of approximately 2.5 cases of sporadic CJD in Ireland each year. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the species barrier had a large impact on exposure calculations and hence should be the focus of further scientific investigation to reduce our uncertainty about this parameter. The model predicts that material spillage into untreated effluent represents the biggest risk to humans, indicating that efforts for risk mitigation should be focused on reducing the potential for spillage.  相似文献   

A live Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine efficacy trial   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C W Purdy  C W Livingston  G H Frank  J M Cummins  N A Cole  R W Loan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(6):589-591

A live Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 vaccine was used in an efficacy trial conducted on 100 lightweight feeder calves purchased from a Florida ranch. Forty-one calves were inoculated with the vaccine intradermally in the neck. Fifty-nine calves served as nonvaccinated controls. Fourteen days later, the calves were shipped to an order buyer in eastern Tennessee, where the calves were mixed with 60 local calves in a community sale barn for 72 hours. After 3 additional days, the calves were shipped to a research feedlot in Bushland, Tex. They remained in the feedlot for 56 days, and the test was concluded 76 days after vaccination. The P haemolytica vaccine had no significant effect on performance, morbidity, or mortality. There was no significant difference between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves in the number of times Pasteurella was isolated. The calves became seropositive to bovine viral diarrhea virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus during the 76-day experiment. All calves initially were seropositive to parainfluenza-3 virus. A virulent outbreak of IBR occurred 30 days after the calves arrived at the feedlot. Before the onset of IBR, the isolation of P haemolytica serotype 1 from nasal turbinates was rare (2 of 500 nasal swabs). After the IBR outbreak, P haemolytica serotype 1 was isolated from 40 of 92 calves.  相似文献   

Temporary protection of calves against adenovirus infection by nasal secretion interferon induced by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J M Cummins  B D Rosenquist 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(6):955-959

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