Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats          下载免费PDF全文

M Narasimhaiah  A Arunachalam  S Sellappan  VK Mayasula  PR Guvvala  SK Ghosh  V Chandra  J Ghosh  H Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):644-654

Trace minerals feeding had significant effects on sperm production and fertility with better absorption and proper utilization within the body for optimum reproductive function. Several studies have shown that more influenced trace elements in the diets of animals are copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Bucks showing deficiency of this mineral might affect the quality of semen production which in turn would affect the fertility. This experiment was thus designed to test the effects of organic Cu and Zn supplementation on antioxidants enzyme activities and sperm functional attributes in fresh semen of bucks. Forty bucks (n = 40, Aged 5 months) were assigned to ten groups of four animals in each group, supplemented (for a period of 8 months) with different levels of organic Zn: 20 mg (T2), 40 mg (T3) and 60 mg (T4), organic Cu: 12.5 mg (T5), 25 mg (T6), 37.5 mg (T7) and combined organic Zn and Cu: 20 + 12.5 mg (T8), 40 + 25 mg (T9), 60 + 37.5 mg (T10), respectively, per kg dry matter and no additional mineral diet (control; T1). One hundred and sixty semen samples were collected through electro‐ejaculator and analysed for sperm quantity, quality, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity and correlated with the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in seminal plasma. The results indicated organic Cu and zinc supplemented bucks produced more sperm cells, had higher sperm concentrations, maintained higher (p < .01) sperm livability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, more motility and velocity. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress and lowered lipid peroxidation were positively correlated (p < .05) with the sperm functional attributes. In conclusion, organic Cu and Zn supplement to male goats showed protective roles against oxidative damage and maintained better fresh semen characteristics.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION ON HEREFORD HEIFERS IN LATE PREGNANCY     

G.A. Kroker  L. J. Cummins 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(10):467-474

Two experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of attempting to control dystocia in Hereford heifers by restricting nutrition during late pregnancy. Nutritional level was controlled by varying feedlot rations in experiment 1 and by varying pasture availability in experiment 2. In neither experiment was the incidence of dystocia or stillbirths significantly affected by level of nutrition during late pregnancy. Calf birthweight was reduced and dam pelvic growth was retarded when the feed intake of heifers was restricted prior to calving. Clear evidence of the dangers associated with allowing heifers to lose too much weight in late pregnancy was provided by these experiments. The loss of around 0.5 kg/day during the last trimester of pregnancy was associated with weak labour, increase dystocia rates, increased perinatal mortality, reduced calf growth rate, prolonged post partum anoestrus and a reduced pregnancy rate (not all statistically significant differences). These effects were not evident in heifers which were maintaining or gaining weight at a moderate rate during late pregnancy. On the basis of this work it is suggested that heifers should be fed to allow modest rates of bodyweight gain (0--0.5 kg/day) during late pregnancy.  相似文献   

The Influence of Morphology,Follicle Size and Bcl‐2 and Bax Transcripts on the Developmental Competence of Bovine Oocytes     

THC De Bem  PR Adona  FF Bressan  LG Mesquita  MR Chiaratti  FV Meirelles  CLV Leal 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):576-583

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Reply     

LA CORNER  PR WOOD  JS ROTHEL 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(6):218-219

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Monensin controlled-release intraruminal capsule for control of bloat in pastured dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LB LOWE  GJ BALL  VR CARRUTHERS†  RC DOBOS‡  GA LYNCH  PJ MOATE  PR POOLE†  SC VALENTINE 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(1):17-20

Monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, is potentially an important agent for bloat relief in dairy cows grazing temperate legume-based pasture. A series of studies was undertaken to determine the effect of monensin, when delivered continuously in the rumen of lactating dairy cows by means of controlled-release capsules (monensin CRC). Such devices release approximately 300 mg/head/day for 100 d. A short-term pilot study made at Ruakura, New Zealand, tested monensin CRC in cows selected for high susceptibility to bloat and grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or red clover (Trifolium pratense). Treatment significantly reduced the incidence of bloat, while milk yield and protein yield were increased. There was no effect on fat yield. Following the pilot study, 6 large-scale field experiments involving a total of 368 lactating dairy cows, were made in Australia and New Zealand to confirm the effectiveness of monensin CRC for bloat control and to measure the effect of such treatment on milk production and composition. A severe bloat problem occurred in 2 experiments, mild bloat occurred in 2 others, while no visual signs of bloat were observed in the remaining 2 experiments. Bloat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by monensin CRC treatment when data was pooled over the 4 experiments in which bloat occurred. Daily milk yield was increased in all experiments from a mean of 17.7 in untreated groups to 18.8 kg/head/day (P less than 0.05) in monensin CRC-treated cows. Protein percentage was not affected by treatment, while there was a decrease from 4.29 to 4.10% fat, although total fat yield was not affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Learned histamine release   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M Russell  K A Dark  R W Cummins  G Ellman  E Callaway  H V Peeke 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4663):733-734

Most of the effort directed at understanding the problems of allergy has focused on the interacting components of the immune system. The possibility that histamine may be released as a learned response has now been tested. In a classical conditioning procedure in which an immunologic challenge was paired with the presentation of an odor, guinea pigs showed a plasma histamine increase when presented with the odor alone. This suggests that the immune response can be enhanced through activity of the central nervous system.  相似文献   

Quantitative exposure assessment for the combustion of meat and bone meal derived from specified risk material in the context of BSE in Ireland     

Cummins EJ  Grace PM  Fry DJ  McDonnell KP  Colgan SF  Ward SM 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2002,8(4):365-383

The probability and severity of an adverse event can be analyzed by quantitative exposure assessment (QEA). This methodology was applied to model the human health risks associated with the combustion of specified risk material (SRM) derived meat and bone meal (MBM) in a combustion facility. The identification of MBM and SRM as significant factors in the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has resulted in restrictions on their use and movement, and this has led to a requirement for alternative end-uses for these products. A stochastic (Latin Hypercube sampling) simulation model was developed to assess the exposure and hence the risks associated with the use of SRM-derived MBM in a combustion facility. The model simulates the potential infectivity pathways that SRM-derived MBM follows, including its production from animals potentially infected with sub-clinical BSE and subsequent processing of the material with segregation and heat treatments. A failure probability was included to take account of sub-optimal operating conditions. Two scenarios, reflecting the infectivity risk in different animal tissues as defined by the European Commission's scientific steering committee (SSC), were performed with 100,000 iterations of the model. Model results showed that the societal exposure to humans resulting from the combustion of SRM-derived MBM is extremely small (mean values ranging from 7.57 x 10(-6) ID50/year to 8.38 x 10(-5) ID50/year). The resulting societal risks are significantly less than the background societal risk of approximately 2.5 cases of sporadic CJD in Ireland each year. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the species barrier had a large impact on exposure calculations and hence should be the focus of further scientific investigation to reduce our uncertainty about this parameter. The model predicts that material spillage into untreated effluent represents the biggest risk to humans, indicating that efforts for risk mitigation should be focused on reducing the potential for spillage.  相似文献   

Controlling microbial contamination on beef and lamb meat during processing   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PR WIDDERS  KJ COATES  S. WARNER  JC BEATTIE  IR MORGAN  MW HICKEY† 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(6):208-211

SUMMARY The microbiological quality of carcases, meat and environmental surfaces was evaluated in commercial boning rooms processing beef and lamb. There was considerable variation in the level of microbial contamination on both carcases and meat, with counts ranging from less than 20 to 10⁸/cm² on carcases and to 2 times 10⁷/cm² on meat. The level of microbial contamination on meat was influenced by the level of carcase contamination at boning and by the boning process itself. Carcase contamination was the major determinant of microbiological quality, as more than 70% of carcases had microbial counts greater than 10³/cm². Cutting boards were a major source for microbial dissemination during boning, particularly when carcase counts were less than 10³/cm². If carcases were heavily contaminated, the contamination of processing surfaces was irrelevant in determining microbial loads on meat. Where carcase contamination was at low to moderate levels, the contribution of the boning process to the contamination on meat assumed increased significance. Under these conditions, improved sanitation of cutting surfaces in the boning room resulted in a significant reduction in microbial contamination on the surface of meat. These results can form the basis for ensuring that improvements made in carcase management before boning, to improve microbiological quality, will be preserved through attention to cutting board hygiene during boning.  相似文献   

A live Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine efficacy trial   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C W Purdy  C W Livingston  G H Frank  J M Cummins  N A Cole  R W Loan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(6):589-591

A live Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 vaccine was used in an efficacy trial conducted on 100 lightweight feeder calves purchased from a Florida ranch. Forty-one calves were inoculated with the vaccine intradermally in the neck. Fifty-nine calves served as nonvaccinated controls. Fourteen days later, the calves were shipped to an order buyer in eastern Tennessee, where the calves were mixed with 60 local calves in a community sale barn for 72 hours. After 3 additional days, the calves were shipped to a research feedlot in Bushland, Tex. They remained in the feedlot for 56 days, and the test was concluded 76 days after vaccination. The P haemolytica vaccine had no significant effect on performance, morbidity, or mortality. There was no significant difference between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves in the number of times Pasteurella was isolated. The calves became seropositive to bovine viral diarrhea virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus during the 76-day experiment. All calves initially were seropositive to parainfluenza-3 virus. A virulent outbreak of IBR occurred 30 days after the calves arrived at the feedlot. Before the onset of IBR, the isolation of P haemolytica serotype 1 from nasal turbinates was rare (2 of 500 nasal swabs). After the IBR outbreak, P haemolytica serotype 1 was isolated from 40 of 92 calves.  相似文献   

Temporary protection of calves against adenovirus infection by nasal secretion interferon induced by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J M Cummins  B D Rosenquist 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(6):955-959

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