新春祝辞     

王泰健 《中国兽药杂志》2005,39(2):1-1

值此农历乙酉年新春佳节之际,我谨代表中国兽医药品监察所,向工作在全国兽药科研、生产、检验、销售一线的全体同仁,以及所有关心、支持和帮助我们工作的各位领导和朋友们拜年,并致以新春的祝贺!衷心地祝愿大家在新的一年里,工作顺利,身体健康,阖家幸福,万事如意!  相似文献   

Absence of enhanced detoxication of permethrin in pyrethroid-resistant house flies     

Donald H. DeVries  George P. Georghiou 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1981,15(3):242-252

The mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids were studied in a permethrin-selected (147-R) strain of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Approximately 12-fold synergism was obtained with a mixture of (1R)-trans-permethrin:piperonyl butoxide (1:5) so that the resistance decreased from 97-fold to 22-fold. Tests with the esterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate produced very little synergism in either the resistant (R) strain (1.6-fold) or the susceptible (S) strain (1.9-fold). An investigation of the microsomal components revealed that compared to the S strain, the R strain demonstrated twice as much cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b₅ and double the rate of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. In addition, the rate of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation was found to be six times greater in the R strain. An in vivo accumulation study showed that the R strain displayed a decreased rate of penetration of trans-[¹⁴C]permethrin. When treated at equitoxic doses the R strain was found to tolerate 50-fold more internal permethrin than the S strain. An in vitro metabolism study indicated that there was no difference between strains in the overall rate of metabolism of trans-[¹⁴C]permethrin. The evidence obtained supports the conclusion that several resistance factors are involved but that decreased sensitivity of the nervous system to the action of pyrethroids is the principal mechanism of resistance in the 147-R strain.  相似文献   

Personal and family backgrounds of first-year veterinary science students at The University of Queensland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TJ HEATH 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):902-905

Objective To provide information on changes in the social and educational backgrounds of veterinary students over a 10 year period in an effort to determine the extent to which they are representative of the community.
Methods Questionnaires were completed by first-year veterinary students at The University of Queensland in 1985 and 1986 (152 students), and 1995 and 1996 (154), and the data were analysed using the SAS System for Windows.
Results The gender ratio of first-year veterinary students was 50:50 (male:female) in 1985 and 1986 but 10 years later it had changed to 38:62. In 1985 and 1986 77% had come directly from school, with 43% of the total coming from government schools, 17% from Catholic schools and 34% from other private (Independent) schools. A decade later the percentage coming directly from school had decreased to 40%, that from Independent schools increased to 45% and that from cities increased from 53% to 64%. The educational backgrounds of parents varied widely though a high percentage had university degrees; mothers had received less formal education than fathers, and the educational attainments of both parents were higher at the beginning than at the end of the study. More than half (57% initially; 67% 10 years later) the fathers were in professional or managerial occupations, and a similar number (50% initially; 48% 10 years later) of mothers were teachers, nurses or clerks. The number of males from country areas decreased from 26 to 16 over this period.
Conclusion These veterinary students differed from the community generally in that progressively more were female, more were from Independent schools, their parents had more formal education and more of their parents were in professional, managerial or clerical occupations.  相似文献   

Bilateral ureteral tears in a foal     

TJ CUTLER  RJ MACKAY  CM JOHNSON  R. PAPENDICK 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):413-415

  相似文献   

Determination of total dietary fiber in foods and food products: collaborative study   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

L Prosky  N G Asp  I Furda  J W DeVries  T F Schweizer  B F Harland 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(4):677-679

A collaborative study was conducted to determine the total dietary fiber (TDF) content of food and food products, using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric procedures. The method was basically the same as published earlier (J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (1984) 67, 1044-1052), with changes in the concentration of alcohol and buffers, time of incubation, sample preparation, and some explanatory notes, all with the intent of decreasing the coefficient of variation (CV) of the method. Duplicate blind samples of soy isolate, white wheat flour, rye bread, potatoes, rice, wheat bran, oats, corn bran, and whole wheat flour were analyzed by 9 collaborators. TDF was calculated as the weight of the residue minus the weight of protein and ash. CV values of the data from all laboratories for 7 of the samples ranged from 1.56 to 9.80%. The rice and soy isolate samples had CV values of 53.71% and 66.25%, respectively; however, each sample contained only about 1% TDF. The enzymatic-gravimetric method for determining TDF has been adopted official first action.  相似文献   

Diagnostic investigation of bovine viral diarrhea infection in a Minnesota dairy herd   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R E Werdin  T R Ames  S M Goyal  G P DeVries 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1989,1(1):57-61

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus infection was diagnosed in neonatal calves with enteritis. Successful diagnostic procedures included direct immunofluorescence of frozen tissue sections, histopathology, and virus isolation. Virus isolation from buffy coats and serum was successful in detecting infected animals, whereas direct immunofluorescence of buffy coat samples was found to be less reliable. Virus was not isolated from any fecal samples. Booster vaccinations and the culling of animals shedding virus resulted in improved calf viability in this herd. It is suggested that procedures for the diagnosis of BVD virus infection should always be included in the diagnosis of neonatal calf enteritis.  相似文献   

Glycoproteins as biological antifreeze agents in antarctic fishes   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

A L DeVries 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,172(988):1152-1155

The blood serums of Antarctic fishes freeze at -2 degrees C, which is approximately 1 degrees C below the melting points of their serums. This thermal hysteresis is due to the influence of serum glycoproteins. The temperatures of freezing and melting of aqueous solutions of the purified glycoproteins suggest that this thermal hysteresis results from the adsorption of the glycoprotein molecule onto the surface of ice crystals.  相似文献   

Role of genetically engineered animals in future food production     

KA McColl  B Clarke  TJ Doran 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(3):113-117

Genetically engineered (GE) animals are likely to have an important role in the future in meeting the food demand of a burgeoning global population. There have already been many notable achievements using this technology in livestock, poultry and aquatic species. In particular, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to produce virus‐resistant animals is a rapidly‐developing area of research. However, despite the promise of this technology, very few GE animals have been commercialised. This review aims to provide information so that veterinarians and animal health scientists are better able to participate in the debate on GE animals.  相似文献   

Conception rates to fixed-time artificial insemination of two oestrus synchronisation programmes in dairy heifers     

SK Sahu  TJ Parkinson  RA Laven 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):158-161

AIM: To evaluate the conception rate to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) of two oestrus synchronisation programmes in dairy heifers on eight farms over 2 years.

METHODS: The study was conducted in 2008 and 2010 on eight farms near Palmerston North, New Zealand. Nulliparous Friesian and Friesian×Jersey heifers (13–15 months of age) were randomly allocated to one of two oestrus synchronisation programmes. Group 1 (GPG+P4; n=330), received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I/M on Day 0, a progesterone (P4)-releasing intravaginal device from Days 0–7, prostaglandin F_2α (PGF) I/M on Day 7 and a second dose of GnRH at the time of FTAI on Day 9. The second group (P4+PGF; n=343) received a P4-releasing intravaginal device from Days 0–7, PGF on Day 6 and FTAI on Day 9. Pregnancy was diagnosed from Days 42–52 by transrectal ultrasonography.

RESULTS: The overall conception rate was 52.4% and 54.8% for the GPG+P4 and P4+PGF groups, respectively. The odds of conception for the two treatments were not different (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.67–1.23), nor was there any difference between groups in different years (p=0.58). Farm affected conception rate (p=0.002), but there was no interaction with treatment (p=0.92) .

CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that an alternative synchronisation programme can produce similar results in terms of conception rate to the GPG+P4 treatment, currently commonly used in heifers. More research is required to establish whether other modifications to the GPG+P4 programme can produce similar results at lower costs, and to identify and quantify farm factors which affect the economic benefit of heifer synchronisation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study indicated that synchronising heifers with P4 and PGF resulted in conception rates equivalent to those resulting from a GPG+P4 treatment, but with reduced drug costs. However, because heifers in the GPG+P4 group received the second GnRH injection at the time of AI, they needed only three yardings as opposed to the four required for the heifers treated with P4 and PGF. Thus, the choice of programme for an individual farm will depend on that farm's circumstances, in particular the cost of yarding the heifers.  相似文献   

Culture results from milk samples submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories from August 2003 to December 2006 in New Zealand     

KR Petrovski  NB Williamson  N Lopez-Villalobos  TJ Parkinson  IG Tucker 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):317-322

Abstract

AIMS: To determine the pattern of isolation of major mastitis-causing organisms isolated from milk samples submitted to five veterinary diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand.

METHODS: The culture results of 25,288 milk samples that were collected from dairy cows throughout New Zealand from August 2003 to December 2006 and submitted to a group of veterinary diagnostic laboratories were assembled, reviewed and summarised. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effect of year, region (i.e. North vs South Island), and season on the probability of isolating the two most common organisms.

RESULTS: The most commonly isolated mastitis causing organisms from all samples were: Streptococcus uberis (23.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS; 7.2%), Strep. dysgalactiae (6.2%), Bacillus spp. (4.0%), and coliforms (3.7%). The percentage of samples with isolates of Strep. uberis or Staph. aureus was affected by island, year and season (p<0.001). For most of the year, except in late winter and early spring when Strep. uberis was much more common, the percentage of isolates of Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus were not apparently different despite the former being an environmental pathogen and the other a contagious one.

CONCLUSION: The pattern of isolation of major mastitis-causing organisms, as determined from culture of milk samples submitted to diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand, has changed significantly over the last 40 years, with a substantial increase in the percentage of isolates that are Strep. uberis and a decrease in isolates of Strep. agalactiae. There is a clear seasonal pattern to the isolation of both Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus, particularly the former.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of the aetiological agents causing bovine mastitis on a farm is of value in determining the choice of treatment. This dataset shows that, although there is seasonal pattern to the isolation of mastitis-causing organisms in New Zealand, both Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus are isolated throughout the year, so bacteriology is of value in determining aetiology even in late winter/early spring.  相似文献