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Precision Agriculture - This article describes the design and field evaluation of a low-cost, high-throughput phenotyping robot for energy sorghum for use in biofuel production. High-throughput... 相似文献
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Optimization of the solid-liquid extraction conditions for trans-resveratrol, trans--viniferin, ferulic acid, and total phenolics from milled grape canes has been investigated. The temperature and ethanol concentration were found to be major process variables for all responses, whereas the solvent to solid ratio was found not to be significant for any of the responses studied. The yields of trans-resveratrol, trans--viniferin, and total phenolics increased with increasing temperature. Maximum yields of trans-resveratrol (4.25 mg/g dw), trans--viniferin (2.03 mg/g), and total phenolics (9.28 mg/g dw) were predicted from the combination of a moderate ethanol concentration (50-70%) and the highest temperature (83.6 degrees C), whereas an ethanol concentration of 35% at the lowest temperature studied (16.4 degrees C) was optimal for the extraction of ferulic acid (1.05 mg/g dw). Effective diffusivity values of resveratrol in the solid phase, D eff for different extraction conditions, were calculated by fitting the experimental results to a model derived from the Fick's second law. Effective diffusivity of resveratrol in the solid phase varied from 3.1 x 10 (-13) to 26.6 x 10 (-13) m (2) s (-1) with changing extraction conditions. The increase in effective diffusivity of resveratrol was observed with increasing temperature, and the highest predicted level was obtained when using 54% ethanol/water mixture at 83.6 degrees C. The increase in ethanol concentration exhibited the favorable effect up to 50-55%, thereafter effective diffusivity decreased with a further increase in concentration. 相似文献
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The Effect of Kefir as a Dietary Supplement on Nonspecific Immune Response and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Gülşen Uluköy Seçil Metin Ayşegül Kubilay Şefik Güney Pınar Yıldırım Zeynep Güzel‐Seydim Tugba Kok‐Tas Erkan Gümüş 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(2):248-256
In this study, juvenile rainbow trout fed with commercial pellets containing kefir provided increased nonspecific immune response and improved disease resistance against lactococcosis and yersiniosis. Kefir was used as a feed supplement at 2, 5, and 10% inclusion rates and several nonspecific immune parameters were observed at day(s) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 following the treatment. A total of four experimental groups, including control, was established. The various parameters including hematocrits, nitroblue tetrazolium positive neutrophils, total leukocytes, serum lysozyme activity, total serum protein, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were examined. As a result of this study, kefir‐fed fish had an increase in measured nonspecific immune parameters, especially in the group received the 10% kefir treatment. The challenged fish fed with kefir‐supplemented diet showed a better survival rate against Lactococcus garvieae than Yersinia ruckeri. Kefir supplementation reduced fish mortality significantly against L. garvieae. 相似文献
4.
Kyle S. Herrman Durelle T. Scott John D. Lenters Erkan Istanbulluoglu 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(6):3333-3344
Mechanisms to remove Common reed (Phragmites australis) typically include a combination of herbicide applications and mechanical cutting or plowing of the soil. The objective of this study was to remove P. australis by various mechanisms and measure the subsequent short-term release of nutrients via simulated rain events. Three rain events of similar duration and intensity were conducted on a control subset and three treatments (above and belowground biomass removal, herbicide application, and basal cut) of soil mesocosms (n?=?6) that were designed to export excess water as either surface runoff or leachate through the soil profile. The dominant pathway for soluble reactive phosphorus (p?<?0.001) and ammonium (p?<?0.001) export were surface runoff while nitrate (p?<?0.001) was leached through the soil profile. More nitrate was exported in the vegetation removal treatments (i.e., biomass removal, herbicide, and basal cut) than the control (p?<?0.001) while more soluble reactive phosphorus was exported in the herbicide and basal cut treatment compared to the control (p?=?0.010). In regards to ammonium, a higher export was observed in the herbicide treatment compared to the control, biomass removal, and basal cut treatments (p?<?0.001). We attribute the higher amount of ammonium export in the herbicide treatment to the fact that the glyphosate herbicide used was in an isopropylamine salt form. After examining pre- and postmanipulation soil cores, there was a larger decrease in extractable ammonium in the control and all treatments compared to soil extractable nitrate, which displayed a smaller decrease and in some treatments actually increased during the course of the experiment. Ultimately, in this study, we observed a strong potential for nitrogen biogeochemistry to occur and the removal of vegetation-enhanced nutrient export. 相似文献
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The risk of fish pathogen transmission via eggs can be reduced by disinfection in ozonated seawater. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable conditions for ozone disinfection of the eggs of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, red porgy Pagrus pagrus, and common dentex Dentex dentex. The eggs were disinfected with a concentration (C) of 0.5 mg of ozone/L of water at four different exposure times (T = 2, 4, 8, and 16 min). The hatching rate was determined in triplicate for each treatment. Bacterial colonies were counted on tryptic soy agar and thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar. At the end of the experiment, bacterial load and hatching rate were assessed together to determine the optimal ozone treatment values, which were estimated in CT units (i.e., C [= 0.5 mg/L] x T [min]). Optimal values were CT 2-4 (T = 4-8 min; 18 degrees C) for gilthead seabream and red porgy, CT 2 (T = 4 min; 18 degrees C) for common dentex, and CT 4 (T = 8 min; 15 degrees C) for sea bass. 相似文献
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In our study we elaborated an overview on the contamination grade of fish from Turkish waters by selected organochlorine pesticides, nitromusks and chlorobiphenyl congenres. We could demonstrate, that the tested fish species, being prior processed to canned products and brought to the market, contained particularly unmistakable amounts of the above mentioned analytes. Sardines, sardelles and trout gave results generally far below the German regulatory limits. However total DDT in pelamides reached an order of magnitude near the German limit of 0.5 mg/kg (based on wet weight). The necessity of enhanced systematic measurements for monitoring pollutants in fish from Turkish waters thus becomes evident. 相似文献
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The proximate properties, the fatty acid and mineral contents of different almond kernel varieties were determined. The crude protein contents of kernels ranged between 12.7% (guara) and 16.3% (cristomorto). The oil yields from these kernels were established between 48.8% (cristomorto) and 55.7% (ferragnes). The acidity value of oils were found between 1.389 and 3.559%. In addition, peroxide values were established between 7.586 (nonpareil) and 15.590 mequiv./kg (cristomorto). The major fatty acids of almond kernel oils were oleic (72.5–79.9%), linoleic (13.5–19.8%) and palmitic acids (5.9–6.7%). The predominant mineral in most kernel was potassium (13.1–15.1 mg/100 g). The mineral contents of the kernels were established as 7.94–9.38 mg/100 g potassium, 2.9–4.0 mg/100 g magnesium and 1.84–2.94 mg/100 g calcium. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the kernels of almond varieties are being potential sources of valuable oil which might be used for edible and other industrial applications. 相似文献
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Physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboards (MDF) made from various mixtures of wood fibers and stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cones were evaluated using European standards. MDF panels were manufactured using standardized procedures that simulated industrial production at the laboratory. Six panel types were made from mixtures of wood fiber/cone flour, 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 percents, respectively. Addition of the cone flour into the MDF significantly reduced formaldehyde emission from the panel. In addition, the addition of 10% cone flour also improved water resistance of the MDF panels made using urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. However, further addition of the cone flour into the panel negatively influenced their water resistance. Flexural properties and internal bond strength decreased with the increase of cone flour content in the panel. The UF resin is the main source of formaldehyde emission from the UF-bonded wood-based panels. Depending on addition of the cone flour in the panels, the formaldehyde emission values ranged from 2.6% to 55.3% lower than the panels made from 100% wood fiber. Based on the findings obtained from this study, pine cone can be used as a renewable biological formaldehyde catcher as an alternative to the traditional formaldehyde catchers for E1 Class MDF manufacture. 相似文献
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Feza Can Nihat Demirel Erkan Isa Sağıroğlu Teodora Toshova Mitko Subchev 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(3):217-222
The vine bud moth, Theresimima ampellophaga (Bayle-Barelle 1808) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae; Procridinae), is a pest on grape vine, Vitis vinifera (L.), and on the ornamental vine Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and other Parthenocissus species. Its recent distribution in Europe is relatively well known, but there is a paucity of locality data for Turkey. As a consequence, we began a large-scale investigation into its distribution and seasonal activity in this country in 2008. The main tools for these investigations were pheromone traps that were baited with the synthetic pheromone of the species, viz. (2R)-butyl (Z7)-tetradecenoate. As a result of field work carried out in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2008 and 2009, Th. ampellophaga was recorded in five provinces, viz. Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Kahramanmara? and Kilis. The only province where the pest was not found was Gaziantep. Theresimima ampellophaga produces one or two generations per year, depending on the local conditions and other unknown factors. The moths of the first generation fly in June, while those of the second generation occur in August. To the best of our knowledge the present paper provides the first well-documented evidence of the occurrence of a second generation of the vine bud moth in Turkey. 相似文献
10.
Mustafa Erkan
zgür 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2838-2845
This study investigated the protective effects of 1 mM Vitamin C and 1 mM Trolox on kinematic and oxidative stresses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm cells against flower‐like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NP, 1 mg/L) in vitro, during 2 hr. Trolox showed protective effects on all kinematic parameters measured for sperm cells against ZnO‐NPs, whereas Vitamin C only affected angular path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN) and amplitude of lateral displacement of the sperm cell head (ALH). Although ZnO‐NPs reduced total glutathione (TGSH) and catalase (CAT) compared with the control, there were positive treatment effects for both Trolox and Vitamin C on antioxidant capacity. Conversely, while ZnO‐NP increased the rate of malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation, it decreased following antioxidant therapy. This research suggests that Trolox and Vitamin C play a protective role for rainbow trout sperm exposed to ZnO‐NP. 相似文献