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1.
PE Bennemann GN Diehl E Milbradt RM Vidor HCC Fries I Wentz ML Bernardi FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):507-510
This study evaluated the reproductive performance of gilts inseminated at three intervals before ovulation (0-12, 13-23, 24-30 h) with sperm doses (SD) stored for 0-48 and 96-120 h. A total of 218 PIC Camborough 22 gilts were inseminated once with SD of 1.5 x 10(9) sperms. Pregnant gilts (n = 166) were slaughtered 30.8 +/- 3.7 days after artificial insemination. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total embryos (TE) was counted. Pregnancy rates (PR) were analysed by chi-square test. TE and embryonic survival (ES), obtained as the ratio between viable embryos and CL, were analysed by GLM procedure (SAS) and mean values were compared by Tukey's test. Pregnancy rate was similar among artificial insemination-ovulation (AIOV) intervals when semen was stored for 0-48 h. However, the lowest PR was observed in the 24-30 h AIOV interval with storage time (ST) of 96-120 h (p < 0.05). There was a significant effect of the interaction between ST and AIOV (p < 0.05) on TE and ES variables. Total embryos and ES did not differ (p > 0.05) among AIOV intervals in ST of 0-48 h. However, gilts inseminated at 24-30 h AIOV interval with ST of 96-120 h showed a reduction of 6.7 embryos (p < 0.05) compared with gilts in the same interval inseminated with semen stored for 0-48 h. ES for the 24-30 h AIOV interval and ST of 96-120 h was lower than that observed in the other groups (p < 0.05). 相似文献
2.
Songserm T Zekarias B van Roozelaar DJ Kok RS Pol JM Pijpers AA ter Huurne AA 《Avian diseases》2002,46(1):87-94
Attempts to reproduce malabsorption syndrome (MAS) by oral inoculation with several different combinations including intestinal homogenate, reovirus, and hemolytic Escherichia coli obtained from MAS-affected chickens and intestinal homogenate from healthy chickens (healthy homogenate) were performed in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) broilers. The MAS homogenate, serving as a positive control, induced weight gain depression and intestinal lesions such as cystic crypts of Lieberkuhn, villus atrophy, and lymphoid and/or granulocytic infiltration. The healthy homogenate, the formalin-treated MAS homogenate, the formalin-treated healthy homogenate, and phosphate-buffered saline caused neither weight gain depression nor intestinal lesions. We were able to reproduce both weight gain depression and intestinal lesions by inoculation of reovirus either combined with the formalin-treated MAS homogenate or combined with healthy homogenate. Surprisingly, when hemolytic E. coli was added to the combination of reovirus with formalin-treated MAS homogenate, this did not cause weight gain depression although this combination caused the described intestinal lesions. Identical results were obtained with the combination of formalin-treated MAS homogenate with hemolytic E coli or the combination of reovirus with hemolytic E. coli. The intestinal lesions were more severe and developed faster by combinations including reovirus and formalin-treated MAS homogenate. This study indicates that a combination of enteropathogenic reovirus with other agents or substances that are present in an intestinal homogenate from MAS-affected and healthy chickens can induce MAS in SPF broilers. Escherichia coli is not essential for induction of weight gain depression but can play a role in development of intestinal lesions. Furthermore, intestinal lesions alone will not always result in weight gain depression. 相似文献
3.
Mengelers MJ Kuiper HA Pijpers A Verheijden JH van Miert AS 《The Veterinary quarterly》2000,22(3):157-162
The prophylactic effect of in-feed medication of conventional pigs with sulphadimethoxine (SDM), sulphamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP) was tested by using an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection model. In each of five experiments, six pigs were given medicated feed twice daily and three pigs received antibiotic-free feed and served as positive (unmedicated, infected) controls. The following drugs or drug combinations were tested (in mg per kg feed): 500 SDM + 100 TMP, 500 SMX + 100 TMP, 125 SMX + 25 TMP, 125 SMX (alone) and 25 TMP (alone). After six days of feed medication, all animals were endobronchially inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae in a dose of 1-3.10(4) colony-forming units (CFU). The response to the challenge in all control pigs was characterized by fever, lethargy, anorexia, reduced water consumption, and laboured breathing. At autopsy all controls manifested a fibrinous haemorrhagic pleuropneumonia. In-feed medication with 500 SDM + 100 TMP, 500 SMX + 100 TMP as well as 125 SMX + 25 TMP resulted in an effective protection against the challenge in all treated animals. After consumption of feed medicated with 125 mg per kg SMX or 25 mg per kg TMP, pleuropneumonia was evident in all challenged pigs. The results of this study indicate an in vivo potentiation of SMX and TMP in pigs against this respiratory tract pathogen. 相似文献
4.
PE Sbardella RR Ulguim DL Fontana CV Ferrari ML Bernardi I Wentz FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):59-64
The study evaluated the reproductive performance of primiparous sows submitted to post‐cervical insemination (PCAI) compared with cervical artificial insemination (CAI). Difficulty with catheter introduction, the occurrence of bleeding or semen backflow during insemination, and volume and sperm cell backflow up to 60 min after insemination were also evaluated. Sows were homogenously distributed, according to body weight loss in lactation, lactation length, weaned piglets, weaning‐to‐oestrus interval and total born in previous farrowing, in two treatments: PCAI (n = 165) with 1.5 × 109 sperm cells in 45 ml (2.4 ± 0.04 doses per sow) and CAI (n = 165) with 3 × 109 sperm cells in 90 ml (2.5 ± 0.04 doses per sow). During PCAI, sows were inseminated in the absence of boars. Transabdominal real‐time ultrasonography was performed at oestrus onset, immediately before the first insemination and at 24 h after last insemination. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments in farrowing rate (91.5% × 89.1%) and litter size (12.5 × 11.9 piglets born, respectively for PCAI and CAI sows). Successful passage of the intrauterine catheter in all the inseminations was possible in 86.8% (165/190) of sows initially allocated to PCAI treatment. Difficulty of introducing the catheter in at least one insemination did not affect the reproductive performance of PCAI sows (P > 0.05). Bleeding during insemination did not affect (P > 0.05) the farrowing rate in both treatments, but litter size was reduced in CAI and PCAI sows (P ≤ 0.06). Percentage of spermatozoa present in backflow within 1 h after insemination was greater in CAI than PCAI sows (P < 0.01). More than 85% of primiparous sows can be successfully post‐cervical inseminated with doses containing 1.5 × 109 sperm cells in the absence of the boar during insemination without impairing the reproductive performance. 相似文献
5.
Steady-state plasma levels were determined for oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DC), and minocycline (MC) after medication with different in-feed concentrations. Each concentration of the three tetracyclines was examined in six pigs. The animals were housed in individual pens and fed twice daily with an interval of 12 h. All pigs consumed their feed within 1 h after it was provided. Concentrations of 400, 800, 1,600, and 2,400 mg of OTC per kilogram of feed induced steady-state plasma levels ranging from .13 to .22, .19 to .50, .39 to 1.43, and 1.41 to 2.14 micrograms/ml, respectively. On a feed intake basis, pigs received 13, 26, 54 to 81, and 108 mg of OTC per kilogram of BW per day, respectively. Steady-state plasma levels after medication with 200, 400, and 800 mg of DC or MC per kilogram of feed ranged from .37 to .89, .71 to 1.14, and 1.62 to 3.18 micrograms/ml for DC and from .21 to .60, .43 to 1.05, and 1.19 to 2.62 micrograms/ml for MC. Pigs consumed 7, 13, and 26 mg of DC and 9, 18, and 36 mg of MC per kilogram of BW per day, respectively. For all three tetracyclines there was an increase in steady-state plasma levels when concentrations in feed or per kilogram of BW increased. Plasma levels were determined with both a HPLC method and a microbiological method. A good correlation existed between the results obtained by both methods. It was concluded that based on plasma levels and known in vitro activity DC and MC could be good alternatives for OTC to treat respiratory tract infections in pigs. 相似文献
6.
Reece SY Hamel JA Sung K Jarvi TD Esswein AJ Pijpers JJ Nocera DG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6056):645-648
We describe the development of solar water-splitting cells comprising earth-abundant elements that operate in near-neutral pH conditions, both with and without connecting wires. The cells consist of a triple junction, amorphous silicon photovoltaic interfaced to hydrogen- and oxygen-evolving catalysts made from an alloy of earth-abundant metals and a cobalt|borate catalyst, respectively. The devices described here carry out the solar-driven water-splitting reaction at efficiencies of 4.7% for a wired configuration and 2.5% for a wireless configuration when illuminated with 1 sun (100 milliwatts per square centimeter) of air mass 1.5 simulated sunlight. Fuel-forming catalysts interfaced with light-harvesting semiconductors afford a pathway to direct solar-to-fuels conversion that captures many of the basic functional elements of a leaf. 相似文献
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8.
K. de Ruijter J. H. M. Verheijden A. Pijpers J. Berends 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(3):186-190
Summary Sows were made tolerant to Escherichia coli endotoxin by daily intravenous (IV) injection of the pyrogen. A refractory state was induced, characterised by a markedly decreased fever. In contrast, intramammary (IMM) infusion of only a quarter of the endotoxin dose to which the animals were made tolerant by IV injection produced a markedly increased fever. This finding suggests that inflammatory endogenous mediators were released in the mammary glands and that their subsequent absorption into the blood circulation, and not the absorption of endotoxin caused fever. 相似文献
9.
TS Gaggini J Perin LS Arend ML Bernardi I Wentz FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):390-395
This study investigated the effect of altrenogest treatment on the farrowing development of sows, and birth weight (BW) and piglet survival until the third day of life. Three control groups were used: (i) sows that farrowed spontaneously before 114 day of gestation (CONT <114); (ii) sows that spontaneously farrowed at ≥114 day of gestation (CONT ≥114); (iii) sows that farrowed at ≥114 day with cloprostenol treatment (CONTCLOPR). Other sows were treated with altrenogest (Regumate®) for 3 days (days 111, 112 and 113 of gestation): one group gave birth spontaneously (ALT) and the other group received altrenogest until day 113 and cloprostenol on day 114 (ALTCLOPR). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in farrowing duration, BW, coefficient of variation (CV) of BW, stillborn piglets, mummified foetuses, percentage of light piglets and survival until Day 3 between sows with and without cloprostenol treatment, in both control (CONT ≥114 vs CONTCLOPR) and altrenogest‐treated sows (ALT vs ALTCLOPR). Further comparisons were performed taking into account three groups: sows with early delivery (CONT <114 – farrowing before 114 days of gestation; n = 56), sows with longer gestation (CONT ≥114 – with and without cloprostenol treatment sows; n = 103) and ALT sows (with and without cloprostenol treatment; n = 105). Gestation length of CONT ≥114 and ALT sows was similar (p > 0.05), but higher than in CONT <114 sows. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between groups in farrowing duration, CV of BW, and percentages of stillborn piglets and mummified foetuses. Sows of CONT <114 group had a larger litter size and a lower BW than sows of the other two groups (p < 0.05). Sows of CONT <114 group had a higher percentage of lighter piglets and a lower piglet survival rate (p < 0.05) than ALT sows. In conclusion, altrenogest treatment proved to be an efficient method to avoid early parturition in 3–5 parity sows resulting in heavier piglets at birth. 相似文献
10.
L A Hoogenboom A Pijpers P W van de Steeg M M Aerts J H Verheijden H A Kuiper 《The Veterinary quarterly》1988,10(2):136-139
The in vivo interaction of sulphadimidine (SDM) with nitrite and nitrate has been investigated in pigs. It was shown that the combined oral treatment with SDM and nitrite but not nitrate leads to the formation of a deaminated compound, which becomes the major metabolite in plasma soon after cessation of the treatment. The major in vitro reaction product, 1,3-di(4-[N(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)]-sulphamoylphenyl)-triazen e, DDPSPT as has been reported previously, could not be detected in blood, urine or faeces of the exposed animals. No effect of nitrite or nitrate could be observed on the acetylation of SDM. 相似文献