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1.
野生二粒小麦苗期及成株期对条中32的抗性表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国小麦条锈病流行生理小种条中32,对以色列地中海沿岸的Bet-Oren、Bat-Shelomo和Givat-Koach 3个群体的30个基因型的1 030个体苗期及成株期进行接种抗性鉴定和筛选,结果表明:苗期抗性绝大多数材料均表现为感病,其中占总鉴定个体数目的表现型比例:高抗1.5%;中抗13.0%;感病85.5%.群体抗病比例:平均为6.67%,Beit-Oren为0%,Bat-Shelomo和Givat-Koach都为10%.此外,在苗期表现高抗和中抗的个体,其成株期均表现为抗,其中基因型TZ35和TZ94的野生二粒小麦个体表现尤为突出. 相似文献
2.
Hugo Ferney Gomez-Becerra Atilla Yazici Levent Ozturk Hikmet Budak Zvi Peleg Alexey Morgounov Tzion Fahima Yehoshua Saranga Ismail Cakmak 《Euphytica》2010,171(1):39-52
Nineteen wild emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn.) Thell.] genotypes were evaluated for the grain concentrations of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and cooper (Cu) under five different environments in Turkey and Israel. Each mineral nutrient has been investigated for the (1) genotype by environment (G × E) interactions, (2) genotype stability, (3) correlation among minerals and (4) mineral stability. Among the macronutrients analyzed, grain concentrations of Ca (range 338–2,034 mg kg?1) and S (range 0.18–0.43%) showed the largest variation. In the case of micronutrients, the largest variation was observed in the grain Mn concentration (range 13–87 mg kg?1). Grain concentrations of Fe and Zn also showed important variation (range 27–86 and 39–115 mg kg?1, respectively). Accessions with higher nutrient concentrations (especially Zn and Fe) had also greater grain weight, suggesting that higher grain Zn and Fe concentrations are not necessarily related to small grain size or weight. Analysis of variance showed that environment was the most important source of variation for K, S, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn, explaining between 44 and 78% of the total variation and G × E explained between 20 and 40% of the total variation in all the minerals, except for S and Zn where its effect accounted for less than 16%. Genotype was the most important source of variation for Cu (explaining 38% of the total variation). However, genotype effect was also important for Mg, Mn, Zn and S. Sulfur and Zn showed the largest heritability values (77 and 72%, respectively). Iron exhibited low heritability and high ratio value between the G × E and genotype variance components \( \left( {\sigma_{\text{GE}}^{2} /\sigma_{G}^{2} } \right) \), suggesting that specific adaptation for this mineral could be positively exploited. The wild emmer germplasm tested in the current study revealed some outstanding accessions (such as MM 5/4 and 24-39) in terms of grain Zn and Fe concentrations and environmental stability that can be used as potential donors to enhance grain micronutrient concentrations in wheats. 相似文献
3.
Hermann Buerstmayr Michael Stierschneider Barbara Steiner Marc Lemmens Michaela Griesser Eviatar Nevo Tzion Fahima 《Euphytica》2003,130(1):17-23
Head blight of wheat (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium spp. has been associated with yield and quality losses in many wheat-growing regions. In tetraploid wheat sources of resistance
are scarce. In the search for novel sources of resistance, 151 Triticum dicoccoides genotypes, originating from 16 habitats in Israel and one habitat in Turkey together with several control genotypes, were
evaluated for reaction to fungal spread (Type II resistance) in replicated greenhouse experiments. Significant genetic diversity
was found among the tested genotypes, the broad sense heritability for Type II FHB resistance was 0.71. Most of the tetraploid
accessions were highly susceptible, only a few showed moderate resistance. Among the eight T. dicoccoides lines with the lowest relative infection rates, five originated from the Mt. Gerizim population, and three from the Mt. Hermon
population. None of the
T. dicoccoides lines reached the level of resistance present in the common wheat cultivar Sumai3.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Aharoni Ran Klymiuk Valentyna Sarusi Benny Young Sierra Fahima Tzion Fishbain Barak Kendler Shai 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(1):267-286
Precision Agriculture - Yellow rust (YR) wheat disease is one of the major threats to worldwide wheat production, and it often spreads rapidly to new and unexpected geographic locations. To cope... 相似文献
5.
Xiaoling Ji Chaojie Xie Zhongfu Ni Tsomin Yang Eviatar Nevo Tzion Fahima Zhiyong Liu Qixin Sun 《Euphytica》2008,159(3):385-390
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and worldwide, causing severe yield losses annually. Wild emmer (T. dicoccoides) accession IW72 collected from Israel is resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stages. Genetic analysis indicated
that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlIW72. The F2 population and F3 families derived from a hybrid between IW72 and susceptible durum wheat line Mo75 were used for molecular mapping of the
resistance gene. MlIW72 was linked with SSR loci Xgwm344, Xcfa2040, Xcfa2240, Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on the long arm of chromosome 7A. In addition, two STS markers, MAG2185 (derived from RFLP marker PSR680) and MAG1759 (developed
from EST CD452874), were mapped close to MlIW72. All these markers were physically located in the terminal bin 0.86–1.00 of 7AL. The chromosome location and genetic mapping
results suggested that the powdery mildew resistance gene identified in wild emmer accession IW72 might be a new allele at
the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. 相似文献
6.
Fahima BELALA Azziz HIRCHE Serge D MULLER Mahmoud TOURKI Mostefa SALAMANI Mohamed GRANDI Tahar AIT HAMOUDA Madjid BOUGHANI 《干旱区科学》2018,10(4):561-573
Since 1960, the steppe regions of North Africa have been subject to an increasing desertification, including the degradation of traditional pastures. The initially dominant species(Artemisia herba-alba, Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima) declined and were progressively replaced by other species(Atractylis serratuloides and Salsola vermiculata) that are more tolerant to the new conditions. It is not clear whether these changes are due to anthropogenic reasons or climatic determinism. We have carried out a statistical analysis of the climate to detect putative rainfall changes during the 20~(th) century in the Algerian steppes based on data from 9 meteorological stations, including 2 Saharan stations(El Oued and Touggourt), 3 pre-Saharan stations(Biskra, Laghouat and Ain Sefra) and 4 steppe stations(Djelfa, Saida, Méchéria and El-Bayadh) located in the arid high plains, which represent the bioclimate diversities of the region. Previous studies suggested that significant rainfall changes for the 20~(th) century only had records in the south of the Oran region. Most of the studies, however, looked at restricted territories over limited periods, and did not integrate the rainiest period 2004–2014. Our work is designed to integrate all the longest time series of meteorological data available for the steppe regions of Algeria. Our results confirm the spatial rainfall distribution(significant rainfall changes only recorded in the southwestern region) evidenced by previous studies, and reveal a decreasing rainfall gradient from northeastern to southwestern Algeria. Moreover, the results reveal a trend of significant decrease of rainfall in the southern Oran region, marked by two drought periods in 1980–1985 and 1999–2003. However, with the exception of the southwestern region, rainfall overall has not declined since the beginning of the 20~(th) century. While less marked in other regions, the drought appear to have affected all territories of the Algerian steppe. Consequently, our study implies that the climate was not a leading influence in the on-going degradation of the vegetation cover of steppe landscapes. Such a vegetation evolution thus appears to be have been determined more by human activities than by climate forcing. 相似文献
7.
E. D. Owuor A. Beharav T. Fahima V. M. Kirzhner A. B. Korol E. Nevo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(2):213-224
Genetic micro-differentiation was studied in wild barley at the Neve Yaar microsite, Israel, an area of 3182 m2, which includes a mosaic of sun-rock, sun-soil, shade-rock, and shade-soil microniches. Fifty-six genotypes were tested for ecological-genetic microniche correlates. Analysis of 75 RAPD loci revealed a significantly higher polymorphism and gene diversity (P
0.05 = 0.920; He = 0.411) on the more stressful sun-rock microniche, compared to the least stressful shade-soil microniche (P
0.05 = 0.653; He = 0.188). Fifty-six (74.7%) out of the 75 loci varied significantly in allele frequencies. On the average, of the 75 loci, 75.7% of the total genetic diversity exists within the four microniches, while 24.3% exists between the microniches. The highest genetic distance was between shade-soil and sun-rock (D = 0.220), which confirmed their sharp microecological contrasts. Gametic phase disequilibria (LD) differed significantly between sunny and shady microniches. The levels of correct classification of individual genotypes into their respective microniche, based on the presence/absence of bands of the 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 best differentiating loci, obtained by stepwise discriminant analysis, were 79, 84, 89, 95, and 100%, respectively. We conclude that ecological contrasts at the Neve Yaar microsite cause molecular diversifying selection (presumably at both coding and noncoding genomic regions of wild barley) overriding gene flow. 相似文献
8.
Zhen-zhong WANG Jing-zhong XIE Li GUO De-yun ZHANG Gen-qiao LI Ti-lin FANG Yong-xing CHEN Jun LI Qiu-hong WU Ping LU Miao-miao LI Hai-bin WU Huai-zhi ZHANG Yan ZHANG Wu-yun YANG Ming-cheng LUO Fahima Tzion Zhi-yong LIU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(6):1267-1275
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. Identification and utilization of stripe rust resistance genes are essential for effective breeding against the disease. Wild emmer accession TZ-2, originally collected from Mount Hermon, Israel, confers near-immunity resistance against several prevailing Pst races in China. A set of 200 F6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between susceptible durum wheat cultivar Langdon and TZ-2 was used for stripe rust evaluation. Genetic analysis indicated that the stripe rust resistance of TZ-2 to Pst race CYR34 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated YrTZ2. Through bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with SSR markers, YrTZ2 was located on chromosome arm 1BS flanked by Xwmc230 and Xgwm413 with genetic distance of 0.8 cM (distal) and 0.3 cM (proximal), respectively. By applying wheat 90K iSelect SNP genotyping assay, 11 polymorphic loci (consisting of 250 SNP markers) closely linked to YrTZ2 were identified. YrTZ2 was further delimited into a 0.8-cM genetic interval between SNP marker IWB19368 and SSR marker Xgwm413, and co-segregated with SNP marker IWB28744 (co-segregated with 28 SNP). Comparative genomics analyses revealed high level of collinearity between the YrTZ2 genomic region and the orthologous region of Aegilops tauschii 1DS. The genomic region between loci IWB19368 and IWB31649 harboring YrTZ2 is orthologous to a 24.5-Mb genomic region between AT1D0112 and AT1D0150, spanning 15 contigs on chromosome 1DS. The genetic and comparative maps of YrTZ2 provide a framework for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection of YrTZ2. 相似文献
9.
A NAC Gene regulating senescence improves grain protein, zinc, and iron content in wheat 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Uauy C Distelfeld A Fahima T Blechl A Dubcovsky J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5803):1298-1301
10.
I. Cakmak A. Torun E. Millet M. Feldman T. Fahima A. Korol 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):1047-1054
Abstract One major strategy to increase the level of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in cereal crops, is to exploit the natural genetic variation in seed concentration of these micronutrients. Genotypic variation for Zn and Fe concentration in seeds among cultivated wheat cultivars is relatively narrow and limits the options to breed wheat genotypes with high concentration and bioavailability of Zn and Fe in seed. Alternatively, wild wheat might be an important genetic resource for enhancing micronutrient concentrations in seeds of cultivated wheat. Wild wheat is widespread in diverse environments in Tarkey and other parts of the Fertile Crescent (e.g., Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, and Jordan). A large number of accessions of wild wheat and of its wild relatives were collected from the Fertile Crescent and screened for Fe and Zn concentrations as well as other mineral nutrients. Among wild wheat, the collections of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (825 accessions) showed impressive variation and the highest concentrations of micronutrients, significantly exceeding those of cultivated wheat. The concentrations of Zn and Fe among the dicoccoides accessions varied from 14 to 190 mg kg?1 DW for Zn and from 15 to 109 mg kg?1 DW for Fe. Also for total amount of Zn and Fe per seed, dicoccoides accessions contained very high amount of Zn (up to 7 μg per seed) and Fe (up to 3.7 μg per seed). Such high genotypic variation could not be found for phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. In the case of modern cultivated wheat, seed concentrations of Zn and Fe were lower and less variable when compared to wild wheat accessions. There was a highly significant positive correlation between seed concentrations of Fe and Zn. Screening different series of dicoccoides substitution lines revealed that the chromosome 6A, 611, and 5B of dicoccoides resulted in greater increase in Zn and Fe concentration when compared to their recipient parent and to other chromosome substitution lines. The results indicate that Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing concentration and content of Zn and Fe in modern cultivated wheat. 相似文献