井冈山国家级自然保护区森林土壤养分含量的空间变化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张继平  张林波  王风玉  刘伟玲  沃笑 《土壤》2014,46(2):262-268

以井冈山国家级自然保护区为研究区,采集了57个土壤剖面的5个不同深度(0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60 cm)的土壤样品,对土壤样品的有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾等指标进行了测定,并结合森林类型数据和DEM高程数据,对不同森林类型及高程条件下的土壤养分状况进行比较分析。结果表明:①土壤有机碳含量最大,全磷含量最小,各土壤养分含量均随土壤深度的增加而递减;②土壤类型的空间分布呈现海拔梯度特征,黄棕壤的分布海拔最高,依次为黄壤、黄红壤,红壤的分布海拔最低;③全磷、有机碳及C/N随着海拔高度的上升呈增加趋势。全钾含量随着海拔高度的上升呈下降趋势;④不同森林类型土壤养分存在差异,常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林的各土壤养分含量均较高;山顶矮林和温性针叶林除全氮和全钾含量外,其他土壤养分值显著高于其他林型;竹林及灌木林的土壤养分条件相对较差;⑤不同森林类型土壤养分含量的空间分布规律与其分布的海拔高度范围有关。  相似文献   

太湖地区典型水稻土中速效磷变化规律研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

方堃  陈效民  沃飞  吴华山  王荐婷 《土壤通报》2008,39(5)

为了定量研究太湖地区农田土壤中速效磷的变化情况,本文对不同季节太湖地区三种典型水稻土(白土、黄泥土和乌栅土)中土壤速效磷的含量进行了分析。结果表明:速效磷含量在土壤剖面中由上层到下层呈现逐渐递减的趋势。三种土壤均以耕层含量为最高,在45cm以下基本上趋于稳定,但在接近地下水时又略有上升。季节性变化方面,速效磷含量一般在2月份的小麦分蘖-拔节期和9月份的水稻齐穗期较高。影响土壤速效磷含量的因素很多,经分析:土壤速效磷的含量与土壤的有机质含量呈极显著的线性正相关关系;旱作条件下与全磷含量之间呈显著的幂函数相关关系,在水作条件下与全磷含量之间呈极显著的线性正相关关系;与土壤的pH又有显著的线性负相关关系。  相似文献   

环模制粒机中环模结构型孔的有限元分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张炜  吴劲锋 《中国农机化》2009,(2)

苜蓿草粉对环模系统的磨损是造成饲料制粒机关键部件环模失效的主要原因.本研究应用Pro/E及ANSYS软件完成三种类型环模型孔的建模及有限元静力分析.得到了三种类型环模型孔沿轴向路径的应力与变形分布,找到了环模孔倒角与环模孔轴向路径的应力与变形的影响关系,60°倒角环模孔结构好,为环模进行结构优化提供了依据.  相似文献   

不同种植年限蔬菜地土壤导水性能及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡彦明  沃飞  方堃  刘凤枝 《灌溉排水学报》2009,(6)

对天津市蔬菜基地种植15年以上、10年以上、5年以上和未种植过蔬菜的土壤进行分析,结果表明,土壤容重和孔隙度的演变在各项理化性质中占主导地位。蔬菜地土壤容重、有机质含量随着种植年限的延长而增加;土壤孔隙度和微团聚体含量随着种植年限的增加逐渐降低。原状土壤饱和导水率变化范围为58.72×10-4~86.65×10-4cm/s,随着种植年限的延长田间土壤导水性能降低;扰动土壤饱和导水率变化范围为0.57×10-4~2.07×10-4cm/s,随着种植年限的延长而相对降低。该结果可为天津地区种植年限较长的蔬菜地土壤,特别是耕作层土壤结构改善及水分的有效利用提供参考。  相似文献   

基于Pro/E的高度可调式人机学座椅设计     

沃宝安 《技术与市场》2010,(6):10-11

日常生活中随处可见的座椅给人们带来了很大的舒适性,但也出现了因长时间保持坐姿而产生的腰酸背痛情况。原因在于传统座椅的设计较少引入人体因素,因此,只有运用人机学原理设计的新型座椅才能解决这一问题。此外,诸如Pro/E之类的CAD软件也应该在现代设计中得到广泛应用,故本文尝试使用Pro/E建立模型。  相似文献   

Do childhood growth indicators in developing countries cluster? Implications for intervention strategies     

Fenn B  Morris SS  Frost C 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(7):829-834

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of geographic targeting in nutrition programmes depends largely on the degree to which malnutrition clusters within particular areas. This study investigates the extent to which the childhood nutrition indicators, stunting (height-for-age Z-score <-2) and wasting (weight-for-height Z-score <-2), are spatially clustered; this information is used to determine the implications of spatial clustering for the effectiveness of geographic targeting. DESIGN: Analysis of data from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) results. Clustering is assessed by calculating intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs). Estimating the proportion of malnourished children covered by a programme successfully targeting 10% of clusters with the highest malnutrition prevalences allows an assessment of the effectiveness of geographic targeting. SETTING: Fifty-eight DHS III (1992-1997) and DHS IV (1998-2001) reports from 46 developing countries. SUBJECTS: Pre-school children of mothers interviewed by DHS. MAIN RESULTS: The extent of clustering of nutritional status was surprisingly low (median ICC for national samples: stunting=0.054, wasting=0.032) and most countries were characterised by having an ICC <0.1--i.e. low clustering--for childhood undernutrition (91% of countries for wasting and 78% for stunting). Our assessment of the effectiveness of geographic targeting showed that coverage was better for wasting than for stunting; for wasting, 23% of countries would achieve less than 20% coverage, compared with 76% of countries achieving less than 20% coverage for stunting. Coverage is dependent on the overall prevalence of malnutrition and the ICC. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood nutritional status is determined at the household, or even individual, level; nutrition programmes that are geographically targeted may result in high levels of under-coverage and leakage, thereby compromising their cost-effectiveness; the lack of clustering questions the appropriateness of current nutrition interventions.  相似文献   

利用染色分析法确定农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移的研究   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

陈效民  吴华山  沃飞 《水土保持学报》2007,21(5):21-24

利用农田土壤剖面染色并结合田间硝态氮示踪的方法,研究了太湖地区典型的水稻土—白土剖面中优势流和硝态氮在土壤剖面中的运移规律。结果表明:染色法可以分析土壤剖面中大孔隙的分布状况和优势流的路径;染色面积越大的土层,表明该土层的大孔隙含量就越高。在白土剖面上,表层的大孔隙含量最高,20~30 cm和55~100 cm土层以下大孔隙含量都很低。在田间条件下,优势流是影响硝态氮迁移的主要因素;白土剖面中优势流直接影响的最大深度为78 cm,对地下水的影响很大。本试验中地下水的硝态氮含量比未试验前增加了10多倍,这对环境安全影响极大。  相似文献   

Urease activity in two cultivated and non-cultivated arid soils     

L. B. Fenn  J. L. Tipton  G. Tatum 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(3):152-154

Summary Since urease activity in soil is believed to be relatively constant, the present study was designed to examine the effects of incubation, soil depth and the effect of cultivation on the persistence of urease activity in arid soils. Two soils were used, a Harkey (coarse, silty, mixed, calcareous, thermic, Typic Torrifluvent) and a Saneli (Clayey over sandy skeletal, montmorillonitic, calcareous, Vertic Torrifluvent), each consisting of a cultivated field and a non-cultivated roadbed site. Urease activity was much lower and more varable in the roadbed soils (40 years without cultivation) than in the cultivated field soils. Pre-incubation for 24 h with urea (with toluene) and without urea (without toluene) greatly reduced the total urease activity in all cases in relation to cell free urease activity (with toluene). Urease activity in the two field soils decreased slightly with profile depth but the decrease was greatest below the plow depth (33 cm). Protease activity or some inactivation processes must have lowered the urease content since there was substantially reduced urease activity after most pre-incubations. The extent of the urease activity decrease was so great that the addition of urea would have been required to increase the production of urease enzyme.  相似文献   

除草剂施田补对沼水蛙血细胞和心肌收缩能力的影响     

项君露  南旭阳  沃冬冬  王静静  沈江 《河南农业科学》2015,(4):149-153

以沼水蛙(Hylarana guentheri)为研究对象,研究了不同剂量的施田补溶液对沼水蛙的急性毒性效应及其外周血红细胞数/白细胞数、红细胞微核率、红细胞核异常率和总核异常率等的影响,同时利用Powerlab生物信号采集系统研究了施田补对沼水蛙心肌收缩能力的影响。结果显示,施田补对沼水蛙的96 h半致死剂量、安全剂量分别为1.149 9 m L/L和0.115 0 m L/L。所有药物组(0.012 5~0.400 0 m L/L)沼水蛙的血红细胞微核率、核异常率、总核异常率等均高于对照组,而且大部分药物组与清水对照组差异显著或极显著。在较高剂量(≥0.050 0 m L/L)中处理较长时间(192 h)时差异更加明显。所有药物组的外周血白细胞数/红细胞数与对照组相比差异均极显著。施田补对沼水蛙心肌收缩功能具有一定的毒害作用。综上,施田补对沼水蛙具有较大的毒害作用。  相似文献   

Partial pressure of gases dissolved at great depth     

Fenn WO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,176(4038):1011-1012

Thermodynamic considerations have been applied to data showing that the solubilities of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium in water decrease with increasing pressure and depth. When water is saturated with a given gas at 1 atmosphere absolute, the equilibrium partial pressure of the gas at any depth is equal to the partial pressure of that gas if it were contained in a gas column extending from the surface to that particular depth.  相似文献