Isolation of bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 21 and 23 from healthy sentinel cattle in Irian Jaya, Indonesia     

I. SENDOW  E. SOLEHA  PW DANIELS  J. ACHDIYATI  D. SEBAYANG  K. KARMA  BJ ERASMUS 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(6):229-230

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Effect of prior serial in vivo passage on the frequency of Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs from experimentally infected laying hens     

Gast RK  Guard-Petter J  Holt PS 《Avian diseases》2003,47(3):633-639

Experimental infection models are valuable tools for understanding and preventing the deposition of Salmonella enteritidis inside eggs. Oral inoculation is believed to closely simulate naturally occurring S. enteritidis infections of chickens, but oral infection studies have often generated relatively low frequencies of egg contamination. The present study assessed whether repeated in vivo passage of an S. enteritidis strain could affect its ability to cause egg contamination in experimentally infected hens. The incidence of egg contamination was determined in groups of hens inoculated orally with either a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain or derivatives of this parent strain that were obtained by three successive rounds of passage and reisolation from tissues of infected hens. Passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from ovaries and oviducts induced a significantly higher incidence of egg contamination (16.97%) than was attributed to the parent strain (8.27%). However, passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from livers and spleens were not associated with a significantly increased frequency of deposition in eggs. By either inducing or selecting for the expression of relevant microbial properties, passage of S. enteritidis through reproductive tissues of chickens may be useful for improving the efficiency at which experimental infection models produce egg contamination.  相似文献   

Attempted transmission of dermatophilosis in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)     

GN BUENVIAJE  PW LADDS  RG HIRST  PM SUMMERS  JM MILLAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(7):495-496

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Relationship of blood corticosterone, immunoglobulin and haematological values in young crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) to water temperature, clutch of origin and body weight     

JA TURTON  PW LADDS  SC MANOLIS  GJW WEBB 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(2):114-119

Objective To examine whether sub-optimal temperature induced stress and immunosuppression in farmed saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) hatchlings. Design A clinico-pathological study. Animals A total of 140 hatchlings were used. Procedure Body weight and length, plasma corticosterone and immunoglobulin concentrations and total and differential white blood cell counts were measured in 140 hatchlings from five clutches divided between five water temperature treatment groups. Initially all groups were housed at 32°C for 10 weeks, then two groups (L, LC) were changed to low temperature (28°C) and two groups (H, HC) to high temperature (36°C), while one group (C) remained at 32°C. The LC and HC groups were maintained at these temperatures for 10 days, after which the water temperature of both groups was returned to 32°C. Blood samples were collected twice (at 6 and 9 weeks of age) before the initial temperature change, and at 10 days and 4 weeks after the initial temperature change (at 11.5 and 14 weeks of age). Results Except for an increase in plasma corticosterone in the HC group and a decrease in the L group when the temperature change was first introduced, changes in plasma corticosterone were not significant. There were no significant changes in immunoglobulin concentrations. There were, however, significant decreases in the total white cell and lymphocyte counts in the LC group after the temperature was decreased to 28°C, and an increase in these counts after water temperature was returned to 32°C. Clutch of origin had significant effects on body weight and length gains, and there were negative relationships between body weight and corticosterone concentrations and between body weight and immunoglobulin concentrations. Conclusions As haematological changes indicative of stress were not associated with significant changes in serum corticosterone, immunosuppression in young crocodiles may be independent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis.  相似文献   

Genital pathology of feral male goats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S TARIGAN  PW LADDS  RA FOSTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(8):286-290

Genitalia from 1000 feral male goats derived from western Queensland and New South Wales were examined after slaughter at an abattoir and the prevalence of abnormalities determined. Ulcerative balanoposthitis, considered due to caprine herpesvirus infection, was observed in 11 animals (1.1%); acidophilic intranuclear inclusions were found in 7 of these. Other conditions included focal hypoplasia of seminiferous tubules in 2 bucks (0.2%), segmental aplasia of the epididymis (one buck, 0.1%), bulbourethral gland cysts with contained aggregations (33 bucks, 3.3%) and haemangiosarcoma of the bulbourethral gland in one animal. The low prevalence of several conditions such as spermatic granuloma, cryptorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia, was attributed largely to the fact that the bucks examined were horned so that the recognised association between genital abnormalities and polledness did not apply.  相似文献   

Acanthocephalan infection and sparganosis in a green tree snake (Dendrelaphis punctulata)     

AG Hill  PW Ladds  DM Spratt 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(9):362-364

Acanthocephalan and spargana parasites were identified within a body wall mass during exploratory surgery in a wild green tree snake. Acanthocephalan parasites have not previously been reported in this species. Surgical excision, the treatment of choice, could not be achieved because of the extensive infiltration of the coelomic cavity.  相似文献   

Species distribution models applied to plant species selection in forest restoration: are model predictions comparable to expert opinion?     

Aitor Gastón  Juan I. García-Viñas  Alfredo J. Bravo-Fernández  César López-Leiva  Juan A. Oliet  Sonia Roig  Rafael Serrada 《New Forests》2014,45(5):641-653

An expert on local flora usually is the best option for plant species selection in most ecological restoration projects; although species selection often needs to be dealt with swiftly as well as on a limited budget, and obtaining the opinion of a local expert may not always be an economically viable alternative. In such cases, species distribution models (SDM) may offer a faster and more cost effective alternative. We asked six experts to rank native tree species according to their suitability at 24 forest sites. The predictive performance of the suitability rankings was evaluated by assessing their ability to discriminate present from absent species in the observed tree assemblages at each evaluation site. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to calculate the probability that the estimated suitability for a species present at a particular evaluation site is greater than the estimate for an absent species (both picked at random). Suitability rankings were also obtained from the predictions of SDM and the same procedure was used to estimate the predictive performance of the set of models at each site. The experts offered concordant suitability rankings at almost every evaluation site. There were no significant differences in the predictive performance of the SDM and four of the experts, although the SDM performed slightly better than the other two experts. Our results point to the suitability of the proposed species distribution modeling approach to obtain fast and cost effective recommendations for species selection in forest restoration projects.  相似文献   

Isolation of Salmonella enteritidis from internal organs of experimentally infected hens   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R K Gast  C W Beard 《Avian diseases》1990,34(4):991-993

Tissues from experimentally infected hens were examined for the presence of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). SE was recovered from internal organs of both orally inoculated hens and hens infected by horizontal contact transmission. SE was isolated from 58% of the ceca, 51% of the livers, 47% of the spleens, 17% of the ovaries, and 17% of the oviducts of hens sampled during the first 5 weeks after exposure. SE was recovered at a low frequency from all internal organs sampled for as long as 22 weeks after exposure.  相似文献   

Identification and characterisation of an H7N3 influenza A virus from an outbreak of virulent avian influenza in Victoria   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PW SELLECK  LJ GLEESON  FT HOOPER  HA WESTBURY  E. HANSSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):289-292

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The prevalence of itchmite, Psorergates ovis, among sheep flocks with a history of fleece derangement     

PW JOHNSON  JW PLANT  JC BORAY  SC BLUNT  PJ NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):117-120

An investigation of sheep flocks in the main sheep raising areas of New South Wales showed that the itchmite Psorergates ovis was frequently associated with fleece derangement. In 26 of the 41 flocks examined, P. ovis was the only ectoparasite detected. P. ovis and the sheep body louse Damalinia ovis, were found in 5 flocks. No external parasites were found on sheep examined from the 10 remaining flocks. The type of fleece derangement most frequently recorded was rubbing which in some cases was combined with areas of chewed fleece. Among flocks, there were positive relations between the prevalence of fleece derangement and prevalence of itchmite or scurf and between itchmite count and mean scurf score. Within flocks, itchmite infested sheep or sheep with scurf had higher prevalences of fleece derangement than sheep on which no mites or no scurf were found. Itchmite infested sheep had a higher prevalence of scurf than those with no detectable mite infestation. There were no significant differences in itchmite populations or fleece derangement between untreated flocks and flocks treated with synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates or arsenic and rotenone.  相似文献