The effect of pregnancy and lactation on digestive processes in sheep     

A Dittrich  C Geissler  M Hoffmann 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1989,39(6):563-573

The average passage time, the rumen fluid volume and the digestibility of the organic matter were determined in addition to 3 individual feeding experiments with fertility oriented crossbreed ewes, which received pelleted straw-concentrate mixtures. The average passage time of the feed particles through the digestive tract is shorter in pregnant animals than in lactating ones. It is longest in non-pregnant sheep. High quotas of straw and coarse particles prolong the passage time, increasing feed intake and supplements of long straw shorten it. The volume of rumen fluid is lower in ewes fed ad libitum in the stage of late pregnancy and after lactation than during lactation. The rumen fluid volume is also lower in restrictively fed animals during the stage of late pregnancy than during lactation. In animals in the stage of late pregnancy it correlates negatively with the weight of the litter. On an average of all experiments at maintenance level the digestibility of the organic matter in ewes in the 4th month of pregnancy gravidity amounted to 56.6%, in the 2nd month of lactation to 59.8% and in wethers to 59.5% Due to an increase of energy intake from maintenance to 2. maintenance digestibility of the straw-concentrate mixture with 40% straw decreased by 5.5 units and of that with 60% straw by 17.8 units in the period before delivery. Pregnancy in the 4th month resulted in a digestion depression of between 3.0 and 5.8 units.  相似文献   

The camel, Camelus dromedarius, as a host of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus     

TP KENNEDY  PE GREEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(7):267-268

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Inactivation of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus     

H Geissler  M Weingarten  H M Hafez 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1986,93(1):23-24

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Influence of the root endophyte Piriformospora indica on the plant water relations,gas exchange and growth of Chenopodium quinoa at limited water availability          下载免费PDF全文

S. Hussin  W. Khalifa  N. Geissler  H.‐W. Koyro 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(5):373-384

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Piriformospora indica to colonize the root of Chenopodium quinoa and to verify whether this endosymbiont can improve the growth, performance and drought resistance of this species. The study delivered, for the first time, evidence for successful colonization of P. indica in quinoa. Hence, pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, where inoculated and non‐inoculated plants were subjected to ample (40%–50% WHC) and deficit (15%–20%WHC) irrigation treatments. Drought adversely influenced the plant growth, leading to decline the total plant biomass by 74%. This was linked to an impaired photosynthetic activity (caused by lower g_s and C_i/C_a ratio; stomatal limitation of photosynthesis) and a higher risk of ROS production (enhanced ETR/A_gross ratio). P. indica colonization improved quinoa plant growth, with total biomass increased by 8% (controls) and 76% (drought‐stressed plants), confirming the growth‐promoting activity of P. indica. Fungal colonization seems to diminish drought‐induced growth hindrance, likely, through an improved water balance, reflected by the higher leaf ψ_w and g_s. Additionally, stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was alleviated (indicated by enhanced C_i/C_a ratio and A_net), so that the threat of oxidative stress was minimized (decreased ETR/A_gross). These results infer that symbiosis with P. indica could negate some of the detrimental effects of drought on quinoa growth, a highly desired feature, in particular at low water availability.  相似文献   

Artificial Insemination of Gilts with 1.5 Billion Sperms Stored in Different Periods Associated with Different Pre-ovulatory Intervals     

PE Bennemann  GN Diehl  E Milbradt  RM Vidor  HCC Fries  I Wentz  ML Bernardi  FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):507-510

This study evaluated the reproductive performance of gilts inseminated at three intervals before ovulation (0-12, 13-23, 24-30 h) with sperm doses (SD) stored for 0-48 and 96-120 h. A total of 218 PIC Camborough 22 gilts were inseminated once with SD of 1.5 x 10(9) sperms. Pregnant gilts (n = 166) were slaughtered 30.8 +/- 3.7 days after artificial insemination. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total embryos (TE) was counted. Pregnancy rates (PR) were analysed by chi-square test. TE and embryonic survival (ES), obtained as the ratio between viable embryos and CL, were analysed by GLM procedure (SAS) and mean values were compared by Tukey's test. Pregnancy rate was similar among artificial insemination-ovulation (AIOV) intervals when semen was stored for 0-48 h. However, the lowest PR was observed in the 24-30 h AIOV interval with storage time (ST) of 96-120 h (p < 0.05). There was a significant effect of the interaction between ST and AIOV (p < 0.05) on TE and ES variables. Total embryos and ES did not differ (p > 0.05) among AIOV intervals in ST of 0-48 h. However, gilts inseminated at 24-30 h AIOV interval with ST of 96-120 h showed a reduction of 6.7 embryos (p < 0.05) compared with gilts in the same interval inseminated with semen stored for 0-48 h. ES for the 24-30 h AIOV interval and ST of 96-120 h was lower than that observed in the other groups (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

Effect of substituted pyrazoles and related compounds on geotropism in cress seedlings     

Art E. Geissler  John L. Huppatz  Gerard F. Katekar 《Pest management science》1975,6(5):441-450

The effects on root geotropism of three series of compounds related to 2-phenyl-8H-pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoindol-8-one (IV), its 3,3a-dihydro derivative (V) and 5-(2-carboxyphenyl)-3-phenylpyrazole (VI) have been assessed using cress seedlings. Compounds (IV) and (VI), and their derivatives, are highly active, destroying geotropism at concentrations of 10^?7-10^?9M. Substitution with various functional groups and increased molecular size resulted in only minor variation in the level of activity.  相似文献   

Holding Power of Different Pin Designs and Pin Insertion Methods in Avian Cortical Bone     

LAUREL A. DEGERNES DVM  Diplomate ABVP    SIMON C. ROE BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  C. FRANK ABRAMS Jr.  PhD  PE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(4):301-306

Objective —To measure pullout strength of four pin types in avian humeri and tibiotarsi bones and to compare slow-speed power and hand insertion methods.
Study Design —Axial pin extraction was measured in vitro in avian bones.
Animal Population —Four cadaver red-tailed hawks and 12 live red-tailed hawks.
Methods —The pullout strength of four fixator pin designs was measured: smooth, negative profile threaded pins engaging one or two cortices and positive profile threaded pins. Part 1: Pins were placed in humeri and tibiotarsi after soft tissue removal. Part 2: Pins were placed in tibiotarsi in anesthetized hawks using slow-speed power or hand insertion.
Results —All threaded pins, regardless of pin design, had greater pullout strength than smooth pins in all parts of the study ( P < .0001). The cortices of tibiotarsi were thicker than the cortices of humeri ( P < .0001). There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between threaded pin types within or between bone groups. There were no differences between the pullout strength of pins placed by slow-speed power or by hand.
Conclusions —There is little advantage of one threaded pin type over another in avian humeri and tibiotarsi using currently available pin designs. There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between humeri and tibiotarsi bones. It is possible that the ease of hand insertion in thin cortices minimizes the potential for wobbling and therefore minimizes the difference between slow-speed drill and hand insertion methods.
Clinical Relevance —Threaded pins have superior bone holding strength in avian cortices and may be beneficial for use with external fixation devices in birds.  相似文献   

Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP‐2: Part 2—Treatment of Chronic,Defect Non‐Union Fractures          下载免费PDF全文

Boaz Arzi DVM  Diplomate AVDC & EVDC  Daniel J. Huey PhD  Derek D. Cissell VMD  Diplomate ACVR  Kyriacos A. Athanasiou PhD  PE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(4):410-416

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The Post‐Cervical Insemination does not Impair the Reproductive Performance of Primiparous Sows     

PE Sbardella  RR Ulguim  DL Fontana  CV Ferrari  ML Bernardi  I Wentz  FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):59-64

The study evaluated the reproductive performance of primiparous sows submitted to post‐cervical insemination (PCAI) compared with cervical artificial insemination (CAI). Difficulty with catheter introduction, the occurrence of bleeding or semen backflow during insemination, and volume and sperm cell backflow up to 60 min after insemination were also evaluated. Sows were homogenously distributed, according to body weight loss in lactation, lactation length, weaned piglets, weaning‐to‐oestrus interval and total born in previous farrowing, in two treatments: PCAI (n = 165) with 1.5 × 10⁹ sperm cells in 45 ml (2.4 ± 0.04 doses per sow) and CAI (n = 165) with 3 × 10⁹ sperm cells in 90 ml (2.5 ± 0.04 doses per sow). During PCAI, sows were inseminated in the absence of boars. Transabdominal real‐time ultrasonography was performed at oestrus onset, immediately before the first insemination and at 24 h after last insemination. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments in farrowing rate (91.5% × 89.1%) and litter size (12.5 × 11.9 piglets born, respectively for PCAI and CAI sows). Successful passage of the intrauterine catheter in all the inseminations was possible in 86.8% (165/190) of sows initially allocated to PCAI treatment. Difficulty of introducing the catheter in at least one insemination did not affect the reproductive performance of PCAI sows (P > 0.05). Bleeding during insemination did not affect (P > 0.05) the farrowing rate in both treatments, but litter size was reduced in CAI and PCAI sows (P ≤ 0.06). Percentage of spermatozoa present in backflow within 1 h after insemination was greater in CAI than PCAI sows (P < 0.01). More than 85% of primiparous sows can be successfully post‐cervical inseminated with doses containing 1.5 × 10⁹ sperm cells in the absence of the boar during insemination without impairing the reproductive performance.  相似文献   

Method of testing chemical disinfectants for their effectiveness against Chlamydia     

H Brüning  H Geissler  J K?sters 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1983,30(5):387-394

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